Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that systematically studies the various types, functions, and metabolic pathways of lipids within living organisms. This field compares changes in diseases or drug impact, identifying biomarkers and molecular mechanisms present in lipid metabolic networks across different physiological or pathological states. Through employing analytical chemistry within the realm of lipidomics, researchers analyze traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This analysis aids in uncovering potential mechanisms for treating diverse physiopathological conditions, assessing drug efficacy, understanding mechanisms of action and toxicity, and generating innovative ideas for disease prevention and treatment. This manuscript assesses recent literature, summarizing existing lipidomics technologies and their applications in TCM research. It delineates the efficacy, mechanisms, and toxicity research related to lipidomics in Chinese medicine. Additionally, it explores the utilization of lipidomics in quality control research for Chinese medicine, aiming to expand the application of lipidomics within this field. Ultimately, this initiative seeks to foster the integration of traditional medicine theory with modern science and technology, promoting an organic fusion between the two domains.

Objective: To delineate the epidemiologic profile of rifampicin resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) among students in Chongqing, so as to provide evidence for effectively controlling RR-PTB outbreaks in schools. Methods: Individual level surveillance records of 395 student RR-PTB cases reported from 2015 to 2024 were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to quantify temporal trends in the registration rate of student RR-PTB cases, and the comparison of RR-PTB registration rates with different demographic characteristics and different regions was performed using Chi-square test. Results: From 2015 to 2024, a total of 395 student RR-PTB cases were identified, with the registration rate ranged from 0.07 per 100 000 to 1.47 per 100 000, showed a fluctuating upward trend ( AAPC= 35.22%, t =4.13, P <0.01). A turning point was detected in 2017, rates rose during 2015-2017 (APC=295.23%， t =4.62， P < 0.01 ) and plateaued thereafter (APC=-0.47%， t =-0.12， P =0.91). The proportion of RR-PTB cases occurring among students increased both among all RR-PTB cases (1.54% in 2015, 7.48% in 2024) and all student pulmonary tuberculosis cases (0.20% in 2015, 7.17% in 2024), with significant linear trends ( χ 2 trend =33.55,159.98, both P <0.01). The majority of cases were enrolled in senior high school (50.38%), classified as retreatment (53.92%), of Han ethnicity (75.95%), and diagnosed with multidrug resistant tuberculosis(53.16%). There were significant differences in the composition of different ethnicity, registration category and resistance pattern between different years( χ 2=23.47, 17.23, 59.64，all P <0.05). The South-Eastern Wuling Mountainous Region exhibited the highest notification rate (3.96 per 100 000), whereas the western region had the lowest rate ( 0.47 per 100 000). County level jurisdictions reported higher rates than district level ones (2.16 per 100 000 vs 0.63 per 100 000 ). Statistically significant differences were observed in the RR-PTB reported rates among students across different districts and counties( χ 2=418.05,167.05,both P <0.01). Conclusions From 2015 to 2024, the registration rate of detected student RR-PTB cases in Chongqing showed an increasing trend. Students have become one of the key populations for drug resistant TB prevention and control. Intensified health education and active case finding should be implemented to enhance proactive surveillance capabilities.

Background::Breast cancer (BC) risk-stratification tools for Asian women that are highly accurate and can provide improved interpretation ability are lacking. We aimed to develop risk-stratification models to predict long- and short-term BC risk among Chinese women and to simultaneously rank potential non-experimental risk factors.Methods::The Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Chinese Women, a large ongoing prospective dynamic cohort study, includes 122,058 women aged 25-70 years old from the eastern part of China. We developed multiple machine-learning risk prediction models using parametric models (penalized logistic regression, bootstrap, and ensemble learning), which were the short-term ensemble penalized logistic regression (EPLR) risk prediction model and the ensemble penalized long-term (EPLT) risk prediction model to estimate BC risk. The models were assessed based on calibration and discrimination, and following this assessment, they were externally validated in new study participants from 2017 to 2020.Results::The AUC values of the short-term EPLR risk prediction model were 0.800 for the internal validation and 0.751 for the external validation set. For the long-term EPLT risk prediction model, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.692 and 0.760 in internal and external validations, respectively. The net reclassification improvement index of the EPLT relative to the Gail and the Han Chinese Breast Cancer Prediction Model (HCBCP) models for external validation was 0.193 and 0.233, respectively, indicating that the EPLT model has higher classification accuracy.Conclusions::We developed the EPLR and EPLT models to screen populations with a high risk of developing BC. These can serve as useful tools to aid in risk-stratified screening and BC prevention.

Objective To statistically analyze the perioperative results of patients with ABO-incompatible kidney trans-plantation(ABOi-KT),in order to explore the changes in blood group antibody of type-A/B recipients.Methods A total of 33 cases of blood group A/B ABOi-KT recipients in our hospital from January 2021 to October 2023 were recruited and divided into two groups of group A(n=18)and group B(n=15)according to the different blood types of recipient.The effects of preoperative plasmapheresis on antibody titer,antibody rebound and renal function after operation(serum urea ni-trogen,creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate on the 1st,3rd,7th and 14th day)were analyzed between the two groups.According to the postoperative rebound of blood type antibodies,33 recipients were divided into antibody rebound group(n=7)and non rebound group(n=26),and the differences in initial blood type antibody titers between the two groups were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the clearance rate of IgM with preoperative plasma ex-change between the two groups(Z=-0.26,P＞0.05);Levels of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine on the 1st,3rd,7th and 14th day after operation between group A and group B were not statistically significant(P＞0.05),the same as eGFR.Group B was more prone to rebound antibody compared with group A(P＜0.05).There was a significant difference in the in-itial IgM antibody titer between the blood type antibody rebound group and the non rebound group(Z=-2.127,P＜0.05),but no statistically significant difference in the initial IgG antibody titer(Z=-1.835,P＞0.05)between the two groups was found.Conclusion The patients type B receiving type AB kidney donors are more prone to rebound antibody after ABOi-KT operation compared to the the patients type A receiving type AB.

Transmembrane protein 16A(TMEM16A)is a voltage-dependent calcium-activated chloride channel that is widely expressed in cancer cells.In a variety of cancer types,TMEM16A regulates the proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells and is corre-lated with the prognosis of cancer under treatment.In recent years,TMEM16A and its inhibitors have been intensively studied in cancer treatment.This review summarizes relevant studies conducted over the past 10 years,aiming to provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical application of TMEM16A inhibitors in future cancer therapy.

Objective:To explore the molecular basis for an individual with Bel subtype of the ABO blood type due to a novel c. 620T>C variant gene, and assess its impact on the structure of GTB transferase.Methods:An individual who had visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University on February 11, 2023 was selected as the study subject. ABO phenotyping was initially conducted with serological methods, which was followed by direct sequencing of 7 exons of the ABO gene. Subsequently, single-strand sequencing was carried out by using allele-specific primers, and the variant in the B transferase was homology-modeled using the Modeller software. The impact of the variant on the transferase′s spatial structure was analyzed with the PyMOL software. Results:The serological phenotype of the patient was identified as the Bel subtype. Direct sequencing revealed that she has harbored a novel c. 620T>C variant, resulting in a p. Leu207Pro substitution in the polypeptide chain. Combined with single-strand sequencing, her genotype was ultimately determined as ABO* BELnew/ ABO* O.01.02. Three-dimensional protein structure modeling showed that, compared with the wild type, the distance of one hydrogen bond between Proline and Glycine at position 272 has increased, along with disappearance of another hydrogen bond. Conclusion:The novel c. 620T>C (p.Leu207Pro) variant of B allele may affect the structural stability of the glycosyltransferase. The weakened enzyme activity in turn may lead to reduced B antigen expression, manifesting as the Bel subtype by serological analysis.

Objective:To predict the status of microvascular invasion (MVI) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients preoperatively based on the radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced CT to provide imaging evidence for early identification of patients at high risk of recurrence.Methods:Clinical data of 40 ICC patients who underwent radical hepatectomy at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2021 to May 2024 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into the MVI group ( n=8) and the non-MVI group ( n=32) according to the MVI status of the postoperative pathology report. Whether there were differences in each pathological index between the groups and the efficacy of radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced CT for the preoperative prediction of MVI were analyzed. The regions of interest (ROI) were outlined on the arterial and venous phase images using the 3D Slicer software. Then, radiomics features were extracted from each ROI based on Python. Finally, the LASSO regression and glm function were used to screen radiomics features and establish a prediction model based on the R language. The established predictive model′s diagnostic efficacy, calibration, and net clinical benefit were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA), respectively. Normally distributed measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s) and compared using the t-test. Count data were expressed as frequency and compared using the chi-square test. Results:Patients in the MVI group had more poorly differentiated tumors and a significantly higher proportion of lymph node metastases ( P<0.05). The established radiomics prediction model included six features, 1 first-order statistical feature and 5 gray texture features. The area under the ROC curve was 0.87, the sensitivity was 75.0%, and the specificity was 90.6%. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted MVI and actual MVI status, and the decision curve demonstrated that the model could provide a large net clinical benefit. Conclusion:Radiomics analysis of contrast-enhanced CT can identify the MVI status of ICC patients preoperatively and aid in clinical decision-making, providing vital evidence for individualized and precise treatment of ICC.

To further standardize the sedation and analgesia treatment for neurocritical care patients, the National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases and Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine organized national experts in this fields to form Working group of the Expert consensus on sedation and analgesia for neurocritical care patients in order to update the Expert consensus on sedation and analgesia for patients with severe brain injury (2013) based on evidence-based medicine. This update aims to provide scientific guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurocritical care patients. The working group followed the definition of clinical practice guidelines by the Institution of Medicine (IOM) and the World Health Organization guidelines development handbook and Guidelines for the formulation/revision of clinical guidelines in China (2022) to register and draft the Expert consensus on sedation and analgesia for neurocritical care patients. The working group will strictly adhere to the consensus development process to formulate and publish the Expert consensus on sedation and analgesia for neurocritical care patients (2023). This protocol primarily introduces the development methodology and process of the Expert consensus on sedation and analgesia for neurocritical care patients (2023), including the purpose of the update, the target population, the composition of the consensus development working group, the presentation and collection of clinical questions, evidence evaluation and summarization, and the generation of recommended opinions. This will make the consensus development process more standardized and transparent.
Humans ; Consensus ; Analgesia ; Analgesics/therapeutic use* ; Pain Management ; Critical Care

Objective:To investigate the differences in personality characteristics and cognitive functions in depression patients with and without obsessive-compulsive.Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, 31 patients diagnosed as major depressive disorder(MDD) with obsessive-compulsive symptoms(OCS), totally 29 patients diagnosed as MDD without OCS, and 30 healthy controls(HC group) were recruited.The personality characteristics of all subjects were assessed with Eysenck personality questionnaire(EPQ), personality diagnostic questionnaire-4(PDQ-4) and Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory(MMPI), while cognitive functions were assessed with measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia(MATRICS)consensus cognitive battery(MCCB). SPSS 25.0 software was used for data processing, and univariate analysis of variance and simple effect analysis were used to compare the differences in personality characteristics and cognitive functions among the three groups of subjects.Results:The comparison of EPQ scores showed that the psychoticism scores of the group with and without OCS((50.32±10.08), (49.83±11.69)) were significantly lower than that of the HC group(59.47±10.41)( P=0.004, 0.003), while the neuroticism scores((61.94±12.36), (63.10±10.56)) were significantly higher than that of the HC group(46.13±8.33)(both P<0.05). The comparison of PDQ-4 scores showed that the schizoid score of the group with OCS(5.00(2.00, 7.00)) was significantly higher than that of the group without OCS(3.00(1.00, 5.00))( P=0.024). The comparison of MMPI scores showed that except for the two dimensions of masculinity-femininity and hypomania, the scores of the other eight dimensions in the group with and without OCS were significantly higher than those in the HC group(all P<0.01). The comparison of MCCB scores showed that the attention/alertness and visual learning scores of the group with OCS were significantly lower than those of the HC group( P=0.042, 0.004), meanwhile there was no difference of the all dimension scores of MCCB between the MDD patients with and without OCS. Conclusion:There are differences in personality and cognitive function between MDD patients with and without OCS and healthy controls.There is no difference in score of schizotypal personality traits between MDD patients with OCS and MDD patients without OCS, however the related cognitive function of MDD patients without OCS is not significantly different from that of MDD patients with OCS.It is suggested that MDD patients with OCS may have more deviated personality characteristics than those without OCS.Further research is needed to investigated the differences in cognitive impairment.

Objective: In this research, the influence of breviscapine on anxiety, fear elimination, and aggression and the potential mechanism was investigated. Methods: Anxiety and locomotion were analyzed by elevated plus maze and open field test in mice. Bussey-Saksida Mouse Touch Screen Chambers were used to perform fear conditioning. Territorial aggression was assessed by resident intruder test. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Breviscapine improved fear-extinction learning in BALB/cJ mice. Results: Breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased center cross number, total distance traveled, and velocity in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg decreased the immobility time in open field test. In addition, breviscapine at 20–100 mg/kg increased the ratio of time on the open arm, time on the distal parts of the open arm, and total distance traveled in elevated plus maze. Breviscapine at 100 mg/kg increased the average attack latency and decreased the number of attacks over the last 3 days of resident intruder test. In hippocampus, protein levels of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synaptophysin were elevated by breviscapine at these three doses. Conclusion The administration of breviscapine alleviates fear extinction, anxiety, and aggression, while increases locomotor in a dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with its influence on synaptic function.