Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. With a rising incidence， UC has aroused an increasingly serious public health concern. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC are complex， involving genetic susceptibility， intestinal barrier dysfunction， immune dysregulation， and environmental factors such as diet， smoking， and infection. Current UC therapies face limitations including persistent drug resistance， multiple side effects， and compromised immune function， necessitating the exploration of novel intervention strategies. In recent years， with the continuous advancement of research into UC mechanisms， the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway has been revealved as one of the classical pathways involved in inflammation. Being crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis， this pathway regulates inflammatory and immune responses by controlling gene transcription， thereby playing a significant role in the occurrence and progression of UC. However， systematic summarization within this field remains lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses unique advantages through its multi-target， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism approaches， being capable of curbing the pathological progression of UC by targeting key molecules in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which TLR4/NF-κB-related pathways regulate UC， primarily encompassing inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， immune balance， and gut microbiota. It reviews single herbs （e.g.， Rosa roxburghii root and Saposhnikoviae Radix）， active components （e.g.， resveratrol， Tripterygium glycosides， and gypenosides）， herbal extracts （e.g.， Zingiberis Rhizoma extract and Taraxaci Herba extract）， and compound formulas for clearing heat and removing dampness， invigorating the spleen and warming the kidneys， clearing heat and detoxifying， harmonizing the liver and spleen， and treating cold and heat in complexity （e.g.， Huaihua Powder， Shenling Baizhu Powder， and Jiedu Huayu Formula）. The aim is to fully leverage the advantages of TCM in UC treatment and provide novel insights for clinical and pharmacological research on UC.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the colon and rectum. With a rising incidence， UC has aroused an increasingly serious public health concern. The etiology and pathogenesis of UC are complex， involving genetic susceptibility， intestinal barrier dysfunction， immune dysregulation， and environmental factors such as diet， smoking， and infection. Current UC therapies face limitations including persistent drug resistance， multiple side effects， and compromised immune function， necessitating the exploration of novel intervention strategies. In recent years， with the continuous advancement of research into UC mechanisms， the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway has been revealved as one of the classical pathways involved in inflammation. Being crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis， this pathway regulates inflammatory and immune responses by controlling gene transcription， thereby playing a significant role in the occurrence and progression of UC. However， systematic summarization within this field remains lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） possesses unique advantages through its multi-target， multi-pathway， and multi-mechanism approaches， being capable of curbing the pathological progression of UC by targeting key molecules in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. This paper systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which TLR4/NF-κB-related pathways regulate UC， primarily encompassing inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， immune balance， and gut microbiota. It reviews single herbs （e.g.， Rosa roxburghii root and Saposhnikoviae Radix）， active components （e.g.， resveratrol， Tripterygium glycosides， and gypenosides）， herbal extracts （e.g.， Zingiberis Rhizoma extract and Taraxaci Herba extract）， and compound formulas for clearing heat and removing dampness， invigorating the spleen and warming the kidneys， clearing heat and detoxifying， harmonizing the liver and spleen， and treating cold and heat in complexity （e.g.， Huaihua Powder， Shenling Baizhu Powder， and Jiedu Huayu Formula）. The aim is to fully leverage the advantages of TCM in UC treatment and provide novel insights for clinical and pharmacological research on UC.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a recurrent,chronic,nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease.Shaoyao Decoction has shown good efficacy in the treatment of UC,which mainly regulates the balance of cytokines to achieve the purpose of treating UC.This article reviewed the research progress in the mechanism of Shaoyao Decoction in the treatment of UC from two aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Research has shown that Shaoyao Decoction can regulate the body's immune response,alleviate intestinal inflammation,protect the intestinal mucosal barrier,restore normal structure and function of the colon mucosa through pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-17,and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β,IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,which can provide reference for UC related mechanism research and clinical treatment.

Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a recurrent,chronic,nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease.Shaoyao Decoction has shown good efficacy in the treatment of UC,which mainly regulates the balance of cytokines to achieve the purpose of treating UC.This article reviewed the research progress in the mechanism of Shaoyao Decoction in the treatment of UC from two aspects of pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Research has shown that Shaoyao Decoction can regulate the body's immune response,alleviate intestinal inflammation,protect the intestinal mucosal barrier,restore normal structure and function of the colon mucosa through pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interferon-γ,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-17,and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β,IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,which can provide reference for UC related mechanism research and clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of sling exercise therapy(S-E-T)combined with drug treatment for cervical vertigo in elderly patients.Methods Forty-nine elderly patients with cervical vertigo admitted to our hospital between January 2011 and July 2014 were randomly divided into an observation group(n=27)and a control group(n=22).The observation group was given 80 mg Ginaton(Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Tablets)produced by German Dr.Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co.KG three times a day,combined with S-E-T,including cervical stability and stretching training for 40min,focusing on the neck global muscle and local stabilize muscle rehabilitation,once every other day.The control group was provided with the same drug treatment.During the 6-month intervention,both groups were given health education by the same therapist.Both groups were assessed using the neck disability index(NDI),visual analogue scale(VAS)and evaluation scale for cervical vertigo(ESCV) before and after the intervention,as well as at the last follow-up visit.Before the treatment and at the last follow-up visit,the cervical X-ray examination and trigger point check were also conducted for both groups.Results All the forty-nine patients were followed up for 4.83 to 6.70 months,with an average of(6.01 ± 0.49)months.Significant improvement was observed in the average ESCV score for both groups after the treatment.Compared with before the treatment,there was significant improvement in the average NDI and VAS right after the treatment and at the last follow-up visit in the observation group,but only at the last follow-up visit in the control group.From the cervical X-ray,no significant differences were found in the vertebral osteophyte formation,facet joints and uncovertebral joint degeneration between the 2 groups(P＞0.05),while significant differences were observed in the number of the neck trigger points(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sling exercise therapy combined with drug treatment can significantly improve cervical function,relieve pain and vertigo symptoms in elderly patients with cervical vertigo.The effect is better than drug treatment alone.

Objective To investigate the effect of decompression with long-segment (L) or short-segment (S) fusion on the outcomes of the surgical treatment for degenerative adult scoliosis (ADS) patiens.Methods A retrospective study on 32 patients treated in our department for ADS from April 2013 to May 2015 was carried out, including 12 male and 20 female (1 : 1.7).Their average age was 66.4 (range: 51-77 years).All patients underwent decompression and fusion surgeries through posterior approach.They were divided into long-segment fusion group (L) and short-segment fusion group (S) according to fusion range.During follow-ups (FU), clinical outcomes were assessed by means of visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI).Radiographic evaluation on full-length standing film included coronal Cobb's angle, distant between C7plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C7PL-CSVL), thoracic kyphosis (TK) angle, lumbar lordosis (LL) angle, pelvic incidence (PI), and pelvic tilt (PT), PI-LL, sagittal vertical axis(SVA).Postoperative complications were also recorded.Results All patients were followed up for average 2.2 years (range:1.5-3.5 years).No significant difference of age or gender was found between two groups (L: 22, S:10) of patients (P=0.066, 0.182).As for the fusion segments, group L (6.3±1.5) was more than group S (2.9±0.3) (P=0.001).Operation time and blood loss of group L were statistically more than group S (P＜0.05).Postoperative VAS sores of back pain and leg pain as well as ODI were all improved significantly in two groups (P＜0.05).At the final FU, back pain VAS was more in group L than in group S (P＜0.05) , but no significant difference was found in leg pain VAS between two groups (P＞0.05);at the final FU, group L's ODI showed better functional recovery than group S's[(12.8±9.3)％ vs.(25.4±11.4)％, P＜0.05].With no obvious difference in the two groups (P＞0.05), coronal Cobb's angle corrected more satisfactional in group L than group S (P＜0.05).The same situation was found in C7-CSVL correction in two goup in FU (P＜0.05).Sagital balance was restored to normal alignment better in group L than group S, with increase of lumbar lordosis after surgery.The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 31.3％, including wound infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, transient neurological symptoms and internal fixed rod breakage, more common in group L than group S.Conclusions Decompression and fusion with internal fixation showed good clinical outcomes in the treatment of ADS.Long-segment fusion yielded better coronal and sagittal correction outcomes with higher peri-operation risks;however, short-segment fusion showed higher safety with relatively inferior correction effect.Appropriate fusion mode should be chose according to the patient's deformity features.

Objective To assess the effect of aspirin for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas by meta analysis of the published literature.Methods Cochrane strategy in combination with manual search was used to identify previously published randomized controlled trials by searching PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane Library,China Journal Full-text Database(CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database (CSJD) and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM).Results Six randomized controlled trials involving a total of 2 858 patients were studied.Of the six trials,two trials were performed in China,four trials were in the Europe and the United States.Some sufficient evidence were found to support that aspirin could prevent of colorectal adenomas compared with placebo group ( P =0.003,RR =0.66,95％ CI:0.50-0.86).No adaquate evidence supported the role of aspirin in the prevention of development of colorectal cancer ( P =0.29,RR =0.65,95％ CI:0.30-1.44).High-dose aspirin ( P =0.10,RR =0.85,95％ CI:0.71-1.30 ) and low-dose aspirin could prevent colorectal adenomas compared with placebo group( P =0.02,RR =0.57,95％ CI:0.36-0.90),and a dose-dependent associtation was found.The risk of stroke was higher in any dose of aspirin compared with placebo group ( P =0.04),and the risks of adverse events had no significant differences in all groups.Conclusion Aspirin might prevent the development of colorectal adenomas in individuals,but could not prevent the colorectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the anatomic structure of the Chinese people,develop the procedure of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty through the anterolateral intermuscular approach and investigate its clinical outcome.Methods Three fresh adult cadavers(6 hips)were used for study of the anatomic construction of the anterolateral intermuscular approach in Chinese people.Sixteen patients were treated with minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty through anterolateral intermuscular approach.The clinical results and operation technique were recorded.Results The anterolateral intermuscular approach was a triangle muscular interval slightly parallel to the femur.The medial-superior angle of the triangle muscular interval consists of the anterior border of gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata muscle with juncture of muscles,where the inferior branch of superior gluteal nerve entered into tensor fascia lata muscle.The average incision length was 8.8 cm(7-10 cm),with mean blood loss of 350 ml(250-550 ml).The patients took out-of-bed activity 3-5 days after operations.During operations,anterior border injury in deep portion of the gluteus medius muscle was observed in seven patients and the injured muscles were trimed or repaired.All patients were followed up for 18-39 months(averaged 27.7 months).Most of the patients had excellent location of the phantoms,except that one acetabulum had a little pitch angle and two acetabulums had a little abduction angle.No complication was observed.The mean Harris scores of hip for all patients was increased from preoperative(39.1±6.7)points to(80.6±11.3)points on six month,(88.7±9.6)points on 12 month and(91.4±13.5)points on 24 months(11 patients).No patient suffered from gluteus medius muscle weakness during the follow-up.ConclusionAnterolateral intermuscular approach has the advantages of simple anatomic construction,small incision,little operative injury,muscle sparing and fast recovery without separate muscle or tendon and is suitable for the Chinese patients.Exact incision and special operative instruments should be emphasized to avoid the increase of acetabular pitch angle and abduction angle.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the significance of flexion priority strategy and the principle of joint mobilization technique in the rehabilitation of posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow. Methods24 patients with posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow were divided into 2 groups, 12 patients in each group. The treatment group was treated with flexion priority strategy of joint mobilization technique only in the treatment of flexion contracture. In order to decrease the pain caused by joint mobilization training of extension and achieve the restoration of flexion as early as possible, the rehabilitation of extension was altered to self-exercise under the consultation of doctors combined with gentle passive traction by the therapist. The control group was treated with joint mobilization technique of both flexion and extension once a day. All the patients were measured the flexion range, extension range, and flexion-extension arc after 6 weeks of rehabilitation. Results6 weeks after rehabilitation, the treatment group got 124° of flexion (range 95°～135°), much better than the control group of 95° (range 80°～110°) （P<0.01）. There was no significant difference of extension degrees between the treatment group (15°, range 10°～35°) and the control group (16°, range 10°～30°) （P＞0.05）. The final arc of flexion and extension in the treatment group had an increase of 53°, significantly greater than 30° in the control group（P<0.01）. ConclusionFlexion priority strategy of elbow rehabilitation can significantly restore the flexion function of posttraumatic elbow stiffness.

Objective To observe the effect of progressive resistance exercise combined with alendronate sodium on bone mineral density(BMD)of lumbar spine in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods 20 patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis were randomly divided into the A and B group with 10 cases in each group.The cases of the group A were treated with progressive resistance exercises combined with alendronate sodium.Those of the group B only took alendronate sodium orally.The course of two groups was 3 months.BMD of lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 3 months after treatment.Results Before treatment,BMD of two groups was not different.After 3 months treatment,BMD of lumbar spine were significantly improved in group A(raised 4.520±0.68%)than group B(raised 0.100±0.01%),there was a significant difference between two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion Progressive resistance exercises combined with alendronate is more efficacious than alendronate alone in restoring lumbar spine BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis.