BACKGROUND:Growth factor is the key effect molecule that plays a role in platelet-rich plasma in clinical treatment.There are differences in the concentration of growth factor after different activators activate platelet-rich plasma,which is an important factor affecting clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the influence of different activators on the mass concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma. METHODS:Totally 12 healthy volunteers were recruited to collect EDTA-K2 anticoagulant venous blood.Secondary centrifugation was used to prepare platelet-rich plasma.The difference in mass concentrations of growth factors was compared between venous blood and platelet-rich plasma.The platelet-rich plasma was mixed with four activators(normal saline,thrombin,calcium gluconate,calcium gluconate+thrombin)according to the volume ratio of 10:1,and incubated in a constant temperature water bath at 37 °C for 30 minutes.After centrifugation,the supernatant was extracted and the mass concentration of growth factor was detected.The bacterial growth in supernatant was measured by blood agar plate.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between different activators and the mass concentration of growth factor in platelet-rich plasma,and the correlation between the value of thrombocytometer and the mass concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The mass concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB,platelet-derived growth factor-AB,vascular endothelial growth factor,and epidermal growth factor in platelet-rich plasma were 8.7,22.2,2.3,and 2.8 times of those in venous blood,respectively(P<0.05).(2)Compared with normal saline group,the mass concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor BB,platelet-derived growth factor AB,vascular endothelial growth factor,and epidermal growth factor were increased in the thrombin group,calcium gluconate group,and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).The mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB in the thrombin group and calcium gluconate group was higher than that in the calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05),and the mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor AB in the thrombin group was higher than that in the calcium gluconate group and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).Epidermal growth factor mass concentration in the thrombin group was lower than that in the calcium gluconate group and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).(3)The results of blood agar plate test showed no bacterial growth in the supernatant of the four groups.(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB in platelet-rich plasma was strongly positively correlated with thrombin(r=0.683,P<0.05),and the mass concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor was strongly positively correlated with thrombin,calcium gluconate,calcium gluconate+thrombin stimulant(r=0.730,0.789,0.686,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the value of thrombocytometer and the mass concentration of four kinds of growth factors(P>0.05).(5)The results suggest that different activators have an impact on the concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma.It is suggested to choose different activators to improve clinical efficacy according to different growth factor mass concentrations and treatment needs.

Objective: To understand the smoking-related behaviors and influencing factors of current smoking among medical staff in Fengtai District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide the reference for reducing the current smoking rate of medical staff. Methods: Medical staff in 28 medical and health institutions in Fengtai District were selected as the survey subjects from February to March and July to August 2023. Basic information, smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, and the provision of brief smoking cessation intervention services were collected through electronic questionnaires. Factors affecting current smoking among medical staff were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 6 716 questionnaires were allocated, and 6 714 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.97%. There were 1 590 males (23.68%) and 5 124 females (76.32%). There were 3 315 medical staff in clinical department, accounting for 49.37%. There were 457 current smokers and the current smoking rate among medical staff was 6.81%. The proportion of medical staff in clinical departments who were current smokers and provided brief smoking cessation intervention services was 72.99%, which was lower than that of non-current smokers at 85.18% (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that medical staff in secondary and above hospitals (OR=1.454, 95%CI: 1.136-1.862), male (OR=51.158, 95%CI: 34.810-75.183), work experience of 10~<20 years (OR=1.492, 95%CI: 1.065~2.092) or ≥30 years (OR=1.574, 95%CI: 1.011~2.449), those with positions (OR=1.644, 95%CI: 1.159-2.332), and those in logistics departments (OR=2.124, 95%CI: 1.278-3.528) or other departments (OR=2.011, 95%CI: 1.297-3.118) had a higher likelihood of being current smokers. On the contrary, medical staff with a bachelor's or junior college education level (OR=0.487, 95%CI: 0.346-0.685) or a master's degree or above (OR=0.268, 95%CI: 0.159-0.454), and those with an intermediate professional title (OR=0.430, 95%CI: 0.291-0.636) or a senior professional title (OR=0.452, 95%CI: 0.283-0.723) had a lower likelihood of being current smokers. A total of 214 medical staff successfully quit smoking, and the smoking cessation rate was 31.89%. Among them, 20, 18, and 17 medical staff had used the smoking cessation service hotline, visited smoking cessation clinics, and taken smoking cessation medications, respectively. In the past year, 199 medical staff who were current smokers (43.54%) had attempted to quit smoking, and 280 medical staff who were current smokers (61.27%) had the willingness to quit smoking. Conclusions The current smoking rate among medical staff in Fengtai District is relatively high. Hospital level, gender, educational level, work experience, position, professional title, and department are influencing factors for current smoking among medical staff. It is necessary to enhance the willingness of medical staff to quit smoking and their understanding of smoking cessation intervention services, so as to reduce the current smoking rate.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Objective:To systemically evaluate the characteristics of cytokine levels in intraocular fluid of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).Methods:Literature on the detection of cytokine levels in NVG published before June 2022 was searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang databases, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP).Two investigators independently completed the literature search, inclusion, and data extraction following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Quantitative analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software.Study heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, and effects were combined using the appropriate effect model to complete the meta-analysis. Results:A total of 24 studies were screened, including 771 NVG cases and 727 age-related cataract cases (control group).The standardized mean difference ( SMD) of the combined effect value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mass concentration in the aqueous humor between the two groups was 8.79, with a 95% confidence interval ( CI) of 6.43 to 11.14.The SMD of interleukin-6 (IL-6) between the two groups was 12.50, with a 95% CI of 9.41 to 15.58.The VEGF and IL-6 levels in aqueous humor and vitreous humor were significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).The pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) level in aqueous humor was lower in NVG group than in control group ( SMD: -3.03, 95% CI: -5.50--0.55, P<0.05).The levels of IL-8 ( SMD: 3.99, 95% CI: 1.14-6.85), erythropoietin (EPO) ( SMD: 9.62, 95% CI: 0.44-18.79), placental growth factor (PIGF) ( SMD: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.38-3.86), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ( SMD: 3.37, 95% CI: 1.87-4.87) were all significantly higher in NVG group than in control group (all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-1β level in aqueous humor between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In NVG patients, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, EPO, PIGF, TNF-α levels are obviously increased and PEDF level is obviously decreased.These biomarkers can be used as potential predictors or therapeutic targets for NVG.

The incidence rate of anxiety and depression is significantly higher in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) than in the general population. The mechanisms underlying dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced depressive-like behaviors are still unclear. We clarified that IBD mice induced by repeated administration of DSS presented depressive-like behaviors. The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) was regarded as the activated brain region by the number of c-fos-labeled neurons. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) was upregulated in the PVT of mice with DSS-induced depressive behaviors. Upregulating Lcn2 from neuronal activity induced dendritic spine loss and the secreted protein induced chemokine expression and subsequently contributed to microglial activation leading to blood-brain barrier permeability. Moreover, Lcn2 silencing in the PVT alleviated the DSS-induced depressive-like behaviors. The present study demonstrated that elevated Lcn2 in the PVT is a critical factor for DSS-induced depressive behaviors.
Mice ; Humans ; Animals ; Lipocalin-2/genetics* ; Midline Thalamic Nuclei ; Brain ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective: To analyze the latent category characteristics of lifestyle habits of adolescents aged 12-18 years, and to explore its relationship with obesity. Methods: Data of 3 252 adolescents aged 12-18 years in the established China Nutrition and Health Survey were used for this study. The contents of the survey include basic situation, living habits, and body mass index. Latent category analysis was performed on 11 lifestyle habits on eating and exercise. Chi square test was used to explore the relationship between the potential categories of lifestyle habits and obesity. Results: All the participants were classified into 3 categories:mixed ( n =1 092, 35.58%), passive ( n =765, 23.52%), and healthy ( n =1 395, 42.90%) groups. Body mass index showed significant differences across three categories ( χ 2=19.66, P ＜0.01). In the BMI classification of adolescents, the healthy type has the highest proportion in the light type, overweight type and obesity type(41.61%,47.87%,50.00%). Conclusion The lifestyle habits of adolescents aged 12-18 years show obvious classification characteristics, which have different correlations with obesity. Targeted interventions should be carried out according to the characteristics of lifestyle habits under different body mass index.

Objective To explore the effects of family function on depression, activities of daily living, happiness index and quality of life among elderly hypertension patients. Methods From October 2015 to October 2017, we selected 80 elderly hypertension patients of Cardiovascular Department in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University by convenient sampling. All of the patients were divided into group of good family function and group of family dysfunction according to the Family Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve (APGAR). The scores were compared with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Index of Well-Being Scale and 36-item Short form Health Survey (SF-36). SPSS 21.0 was used to statistical analysis. Results There were 47 (58.75%) patients in group of good family function and 33 (41.25%) patients in group of family dysfunction. The adaptation, intimacy, affection, growth and partnership of patients in group of good family function and the total score were superior to those in group of family dysfunction with statistical differences (P＜ 0.01). The scores of SDS and ADL of patients in group of good family function were lower than those in group of family dysfunction; the happiness index of group of good family function was higher than that of group of family dysfunction with a statistical difference (P＜0.01). The dimension scores of life quality of patients in group of good family function were higher than those of group of family dysfunction with statistical differences (P＜0.01). Conclusions We should pay attention to the family function of elderly hypertension patients, improve patients' happiness index, depression and ADL, so as to promote rehabilitation of hypertension patients.

Objective:To treat the mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma with ladder dosage propranolol, and to explore its efficacy and safety.Methods:A total of 98 infants with hemangioma were treated by ladder treatment of propranolol.Before treatment,comprehensive assessments of electrocardiogram(ECG),heart color ultrasound, blood glucose,liver function,kidney function,myocardial enzymes and blood routine were conducted.After excluding contraindications,the dose of propranolol incrementally doubled from 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1.Propranolol was taken 3 times a day.Before and after medication for 1 and 2 h,ECG was monitored.The changes of tumor size,texture,color and other changes or an onset of adverse reactions were dynamicly observed.The infants were visited every month.The efficacy was evaluated using Achauer system.Results: After medication,98 cases had different degrees of color changes or tumor consistency softening.After the dosage of propranolol was increased to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1,the change of tumor was the fastest.According to the 4-grade method, there were 84 cases(85.71%) as gradeⅣ (excellent),2 cases (2.04%) as grade Ⅲ (good),4 cases (4.08%) as gradeⅡ (medium)and 8 cases (8.16%) as gradeⅠ (poor).The curative effect of mixed hemangioma was better than that of deeper hemangioma(P<0.05).The recovery time of 74 cases of hemangiomas was 6 months.The major adverse reactions were heart rate decline(5/98,5.10%),drowsiness(3/98,3.06%),diarrhea(7/98,7.14%),loss of appetite (1/98,1.02%), and convulsions (2/98,2.04%).After treatment,all adverse reactions disappeared.Two months after drug withdrawal there were 4 cases of recurrence,and they were continously treated with propranolol.Conclusion: The efficacy of oral ladder dosage propranolol in treatment of mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma is increased significantly and there are no significant adverse reactions.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and indications of kyphoplasty with movement and secondary en?largement of balloon for the compression fracture of vertebral body with ruptured posterior wall. Methods A retrospective analy?sis was carried out on the data of 29 patients (10 males, 19 females;age range:55-86 years old;mean age:71 years old;29 verte?bral bodies in total) who suffered from compression fracture of the thoracolumbar spine and below, and underwent kyphoplasty through the movement and secondary enlargement of balloon within the vertebral body and were followed up from January 2011 to November 2014. These patients had backache, accompanied by lowered support, limitation of movement, no symptom of nervous lesion on both lower extremities and no past history of balloon kyphoplasty. All fractured vertebral bodies were at T 11 or below, in?cluding 1 case at T11, 4 cases T12, 11 cases L1, 9 cases L2 and 4 cases L3. The causes of injury included fall (19 cases), car accident (8 cases) and unknown reasons (2 cases). All patients underwent kyphoplasty with the movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body. Photos were taken immediately after the surgery, at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months, and these patients were assessed and analyzed in terms of vertebral height, Cobb angle, visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results The operation time (including the formation and solidification of bone cement) of 29 patients was 40 to 65 min and the mean time was 55 ± 7 min;the blood loss during operation was 2 to 15 ml and the mean blood loss was 5 ± 2 ml;the injected volume of bone cement was 2.5-7.5 ml and the mean volume was 5.5±0.5 ml. Post?operative pain was relieved and ambulation was performed under the protection of lumbar orthosis brace. Statstical analysis was conducted on VAS, ODI, vertebral height and Cobb angle before operation and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation, showing statistically significant differences. X ray examination found that there was no alternation or displacement of bone cement location, and no change in vertebral morphology, the vertebral height and cobb angle remained the post?operative status, and posterior wall rupture of the vertebral body was recovered well. CT revealed that the morphology of bone cement was irregular and closely integrated with bone substance, and no cavity or fissure was seen. Conclusion Kyphoplasty with movement and secondary enlargement of bal?loon within the vertebral body has a good, definite clinical efficacy in treating compression vertebral fracture with incomplete pos?terior wall of the vertebral body without obvious displacement of fractured bone and symptom of nervous lesion on both lower ex?tremities. This surgery is easy to operate, and has an immediate analgesic effect, which could recover vertebral height as well as re?duce kyphosis deformity and improve patient’s prognosis.

Objective: To test the performance of two kinds of protective respirators (3M9332, 3M1860) used in Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory (BSL-3) to ensure whether it can fit well in different populations in order to reduce the risk of infection in the process of operating high-risk pathogenic microorganisms. Methods: Using a 8038PortaCount®Pro+ respirator fit tester to examine the fitness of personnel wear 3M 1860 N95 and 9332 N99 respirators. The influence factors such as gender, age, shape of respirator were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by the fit factor(FF) of assigned actions. Results: A total of 62 people conducted the respirator fit test, of which 45 people passed the test of 3M9332 respirators, the pass rate was 72.58%; only 6 people passed the test of 3M1860 respirators, the pass rate was 9.67%. The pass rate of two different types of respirators was analyzed statistically, P=0.000. The P value of assigned actions in deep breathing, head side to side, head up and down, talking, bending over were respectively 0.094, 0.076, 0.542, 0.000, 0.000. Conclusions The experimental results showed that the type of respirator had a significant effect on respirator fit in this study, but gender and age had no significant effect on factors. As to reduce the risk of leakage of the respirator, redundant actions should try to be avoided, especially loud talking and bending in the course of the experiment.