BACKGROUND:Growth factor is the key effect molecule that plays a role in platelet-rich plasma in clinical treatment.There are differences in the concentration of growth factor after different activators activate platelet-rich plasma,which is an important factor affecting clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the influence of different activators on the mass concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma. METHODS:Totally 12 healthy volunteers were recruited to collect EDTA-K2 anticoagulant venous blood.Secondary centrifugation was used to prepare platelet-rich plasma.The difference in mass concentrations of growth factors was compared between venous blood and platelet-rich plasma.The platelet-rich plasma was mixed with four activators(normal saline,thrombin,calcium gluconate,calcium gluconate+thrombin)according to the volume ratio of 10:1,and incubated in a constant temperature water bath at 37 °C for 30 minutes.After centrifugation,the supernatant was extracted and the mass concentration of growth factor was detected.The bacterial growth in supernatant was measured by blood agar plate.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between different activators and the mass concentration of growth factor in platelet-rich plasma,and the correlation between the value of thrombocytometer and the mass concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The mass concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor-BB,platelet-derived growth factor-AB,vascular endothelial growth factor,and epidermal growth factor in platelet-rich plasma were 8.7,22.2,2.3,and 2.8 times of those in venous blood,respectively(P<0.05).(2)Compared with normal saline group,the mass concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor BB,platelet-derived growth factor AB,vascular endothelial growth factor,and epidermal growth factor were increased in the thrombin group,calcium gluconate group,and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).The mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB in the thrombin group and calcium gluconate group was higher than that in the calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05),and the mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor AB in the thrombin group was higher than that in the calcium gluconate group and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).Epidermal growth factor mass concentration in the thrombin group was lower than that in the calcium gluconate group and calcium gluconate+thrombin group(P<0.05).(3)The results of blood agar plate test showed no bacterial growth in the supernatant of the four groups.(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that the mass concentration of platelet-derived growth factor BB in platelet-rich plasma was strongly positively correlated with thrombin(r=0.683,P<0.05),and the mass concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor was strongly positively correlated with thrombin,calcium gluconate,calcium gluconate+thrombin stimulant(r=0.730,0.789,0.686,P<0.05).There was no correlation between the value of thrombocytometer and the mass concentration of four kinds of growth factors(P>0.05).(5)The results suggest that different activators have an impact on the concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma.It is suggested to choose different activators to improve clinical efficacy according to different growth factor mass concentrations and treatment needs.

Objective To systematically analyze the medical radiation exposure levels in a district of Ningbo City and to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable and effective control of medical radiation exposure. Methods Based on the radiological diagnosis frequency and dose information system, basic medical radiation exposure data were collected, such as radiation doses received by patients in various X-ray diagnostic examinations, from all 13 public medical institutions in a district of Ningbo City from January 1 to December 31, 2020. The data were analyzed for the percentage and collective effective dose of various diagnostic examinations, the distribution of examinations by sex and age, and the number of patients undergoing two or more examinations and their cumulative doses within multiple time intervals. Results Among medical X-ray diagnostic examinations in the district, the percentages of CT examination and routine photography examination were 50.88% and 47.93%, respectively, and the collective effective dose of CT examination accounted for 97.75%. By age and sex, the frequency of examination was the highest in the age group of 45-54 years, and the frequency of examination in the male was higher than that in the female before age 55. The annual effective dose for two patients exceeded 100 mSv. Conclusion In this study, CT examination accounted for up to 50.88% of all medical X-ray diagnostic examinations, and contributed 97.75% of the collective effective dose, highlighting the need for particular attention to the justification of medical radiation exposure from CT.

OBJECTIVE To explore optimization pathways for the drug traceability code management model in outpatient pharmacy workflows， providing practical evidence for enhancing the efficiency of pharmaceutical service. METHODS Taking the outpatient pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as the research subject， a comprehensive drug traceability system was established through three key interventions： upgrading the information system architecture [including integration of the hospital information system （HIS） with the traceability platform]， workflow optimization （reorganizing the inventory-dispensing-verification tripartite process）， and designing a dual-mode traceability data collection mechanism （primary data capture at dispensing stations and supplementary capture at verification stations）. Operational efficiency differences before and after implementation were analyzed using the medical insurance data and service timeliness metrics in September 2024. RESULTS After the implementation of drug traceability code management， in terms of data collection: Mode Ⅰ （verification-stage capture） uploaded 26 144 records， while Mode Ⅲ （inventory-as-sales capture） uploaded 443 061 records， totaling 469 205 entries； in terms of time efficiency： average drug dispensing time increased from 28.74 s to 43.37 s （enhanced by 51%）. Through dynamic staffing adjustments， patient wait time only extended from 8.04 min to 8.67 min （enhanced by 8%）. CONCLUSIONS Drug traceability code management can be effectively implemented via a “system reconstruction-process reengineering-human-machine collaboration” trinity strategy， leveraging informatization （e.g.， dual-mode data capture） to offset manual operation delays， which validates the feasibility of balancing national traceability demands with service efficiency in outpatient pharmacies.

Objective:To develop and validate a novel PET tracer, N-cyclohexyl-4-((2, 4-dichlorophenyl)(4-(fluoro- 18F)phenyl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide ( 18F-SQKJ-2), targeting cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors for diagnosing psychiatric disorders associated with fear memory. Methods:18F-SQKJ-2 was prepared using a nucleophilic substitution radiochemical synthesis method. For the CB1 receptor blocking experiment, 7 ICR mice were divided into blocking group ( n=4; rimonabant for blocking treatment) and control group 1 ( n=3; no rimonabant blocking treatment). The affinity and specificity of 18F-SQKJ-2 for CB1 receptors were analyzed based on the differences in 18F-SQKJ-2 uptake (percentage injected dose per gram of tissue, %ID/g) by various organs between two groups. The metabolic stability of 18F-SQKJ-2 in vitro was studied using animal tissue homogenates. Ten C57 mice were used to establish fear memory mouse models (fear group, n=6; control group 2, n=4), and the percentage of freezing time was compared between 2 groups. MicroPET scans were used to detect the intracranial distribution of 18F-SQKJ-2, and the relative uptake in each brain region compared to total brain uptake was calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in CB1 receptor relative total brain uptake in fear-related brain regions between 2 groups. Independent-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results:18F-SQKJ-2 was successfully synthesized with a radiochemical purity ≥98.0% and a corrected radioactive yield of (12.3±6.0)%( n=4). In vitro metabolic stability experiments showed that 18F-SQKJ-2 was basically stable in the liver, blood, and brain within 60min. The CB1 receptor blocking experiment demonstrated that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the brains of mice in blocking group was significantly lower than that in control group 1 ((0.95±0.28) vs (3.44±1.16) %ID/g; t=-3.57, P=0.023). The percentage of freezing time in fear group was significantly higher than that in control group 2 (43.28%(39.46%, 52.93%) vs 2.74%(1.52%, 4.85%); Z=-2.45, P=0.010). 18F-SQKJ-2 microPET imaging showed that the uptake of 18F-SQKJ-2 in the cerebral cortex of mice in fear group was significantly increased compared with that in control group 2 ((5.83±0.47)% vs (5.00±0.52)%; t=2.42, P=0.046). Conclusion:18F-SQKJ-2 is successfully prepared with acceptable radiochemical purity and metabolic stability, demonstrating potential for visualizing and quantifying fear memory.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective To explore the protective effect and related mechanism of Compound Baimai Powder(CBMP,a compound description of Mongolian medicine)on astrocytes after oxygen glu-cose deprivation and reoxygenation(OGD/R)injury.Methods Astrocyte model of OGD/R injury was subjected to simulate in vitro cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Cultured astrocytes were randomly divided into normal group,OGD/R group,OGD/R+nimodipine group(10 μmol/L),OGD/R+low-and high-dose CBMP groups(25,50 μmol/L).Cell viability and apoptosis were de-tected with CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of the proteins related to the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(NRF2)/antioxidant response element and Janus kinase(J AK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)signaling pathways.ELISA was employed to examine the levels of inflam-matory factors IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,as well as oxidative stress molecules ROS,GSH,MDA and SOD.Results Compared to the normal group,the OGD/R group showed significant decreases in cell viability,NRF2 protein level,and SOD and GSH activities(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and obvious increases in p-JAK and p-STAT proteins levels,contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,and ROS and MDA levels(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).High-dose CBMP treatment resulted in notably elevated cell via-bility and NRF2 protein level,while reduced levels of p-JAK[(1.20±0.20)vs(2.50±0.26)]and p-STAT[(1.15±0.25)vs(2.10±0.21)]proteins,IL-6[(30.33±5.20)vs(180.35±18.50)]and TNF-α[(50.12±8.24)vs(160.45±15.20)]when compared to the OGD/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion CBMP exerts protective effect on astrocytes against OGD/R injury.

To analyze the relationship between serum non-HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in community populations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yuecheng District Health Information Platform in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study cohort included individuals aged 40 years or older with no prior history of CVD who underwent physical examinations at Yuecheng District healthcare institutions between January and December 2019. A total of 39 038 participants were included, including 19 085 males (48.9%) and 19 953 females (51.1%), with a mean age of (73.64±9.10) years. The mean follow-up duration was 52.3 months. During follow-up, 1 227 CVD death events occurred. The results indicated a significant overall association between non-HDL-C levels and the risk of CVD mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox models indicated that, using the ideal level of non-HDL-C as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of CVD death in the suitable level, borderline elevated level and elevated level groups were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.85) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.87-2.86), respectively. The corresponding HRs for CHD death were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.76-3.64), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction effects between non-HDL-C and sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (all P interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that results were consistent with the primary findings regarding the association between non-HDL-C and CVD mortality risk. In conclusion, increasing non-HDL-C levels are associated with higher risks of death from cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and CHD. The risk of CVD death associated with elevated non-HDL-C is greater among males, individuals with a history of diabetes, smokers or drinkers. In the future, attention should be paid to the monitoring of non-HDL-C in community health management, and the intensive and personalized management of blood lipids in high-risk population should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula(ZGJTJYF)in treating diabetes-related depression by regulating glutamate receptor 2(GluR2).Methods The primary isolated and cultured hippocampal neurons of SD rats were used.The experiment consisted of normal,model,blank serum(10％blank serum),positive drug(10％[metformin+fluoxetine]drug-containing serum),20％ZGJTJYF group,10％ZGJTJYF group,10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 knockdown group,and 10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 overexpression group(with corresponding volume fractions of ZGJTJYF drug-containing serum added).The ZGJTJYF+GluR2 knockdown and overexpression groups,were transfected with lentivirus to obtain hippocampal neurons with either GluR2 overexpression or knockdown.The glucose(150 mmol/L)and corticosterone(200 μmol/L)were used for 18 h to establish an in vitro cell model of hippocampal neurons in diabetes-related depression.After 24 h of successful modeling,the corresponding serum was added to each group for intervention.After 24 h of intervention,the morphological structure of hippocampal neurons was observed using an optical microscope.Biochemical methods were used to determine the glucose and insulin content in cell supernatant.An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA)levels in the cell supernatant,and the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 autophagy double-labeled adenovirus(mRFP-GFP-LC3)autophagy fluorescence double labeling method was used to detect the average fluorescence intensity of LC3 protein in hippocampal neurons.Nissl staining was used to observe synaptic damage in hippocampal neurons,and an immunofluorescence method was used to detect the protein expression of Parkin,phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1),regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 3(RIMS3),synapsin 1(SYN1),postsynaptic density-95(PSD-95),synapse-associated protein 102(SAP 102),and GluR2 in hippocampal neurons.Realtime fluorescence PCR was used to detect GluR2 mRNA expression in hippocampal neurons,while Western blotting was employed to assess the expression of mitophagy proteins Parkin and PINK1 in these neurons.Results Compared to the normal group,the model group and blank serum group showed structural damage to hippocampal neurons,increased glucose content in cell supernatant,decreased insulin,5-HT,and DA content,increased average fluorescence intensity of LC3,Parkin,and PINK1,decreased average fluorescence intensity of RIMS3,SYN1,PSD-95,SAP 102,and GluR2,decreased GluR2 mRNA expression,increased protein expression of Parkin and PINK1(P＜0.05),and decreased Nissl bodies.Compared to the model group and blank serum group,the above indicators in each administration group were improved to varying degrees(P＜0.05).Compared to the positive drug group,the average fluorescence intensity of LC3,Parkin,and PINK1 decreased,Parkin and PINK1 protein expression decreased,and the average fluorescence intensity of GluR2,SYN1,and PSD-95 increased in 10％ZGJTJYF,20％ZGJTJYF group,and 10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 overexpression group(P＜0.05).Compared to 10％and 20％ZGJTJYF groups,10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 knockdown group showed a decrease in 5-HT content,an increase in average fluorescence intensity of LC3 and Parkin,a decrease in average fluorescence intensity of SYN1,PSD-95,and GluR2,a decreased in GluR2 mRNA expression,and an increase of Parkin and PINK1 protein expression(P＜0.05).In contrast,the above indicators were improved to varying degrees in 10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 overexpression group(P＜0.05).Compared to 10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 knockdown group,the above abnormal indicators in 10％ZGJTJYF+GluR2 overexpression group were reversed to varying degrees(P＜0.05).Conclusion ZGJTJYF has a protective effect on synaptic damage of hippocampal neurons in diabetes-related depression,and its mechanism may be related to the upregulation of GluR2 and the inhibition of mitophagy over activation.

The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III/classification* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods* ; Consensus ; Child

Objective To explore the relationship between serum S100 calcium-binding protein(S100)A4,S100A12 and the infection type and prognosis of neonatal infectious pneumonia(NIP).Methods A total of 300 children with NIP admitted to the Neijiang Second People's Hospital from January 2021 to March 2024 were selected and divided into the bacterial infection group(214 cases)and the non-bacterial infection group(86 cases)according to the types of pathogenic bacteria.Another 150 healthy newborns in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The levels of serum S100A4 and S100A12 were de-tected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the cor-relations between serum S100A4,S100A12 and procalcitonin(PCT),white blood cell count(WBC),albumin(Alb),and platelet count(PLT).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the differential value of serum S100A4,S100A12,PCT,WBC,Alb,and PLT alone and in combination for NIP bac-terial infection.According to the prognosis,children with NIP were divided into the poor prognosis group(63 cases)and the good prognosis group(237 cases).Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis in children with NIP,and ROC curve was used to analyze the value of each factor in predicting poor prognosis in children with NIP.Results The levels of serum S100A4,S100A12,PCT,WBC,and PLT in the bacterial infection group were higher than those in the non-bacterial infection group and the control group,while Alb was lower than that in the non-bacterial infection group and the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum S100A4 and S100A12 in children with NIP were positively correlated with PCT,WBC and PLT(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with Alb(P<0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum S100A4 and S100A12 in differentiating NIP infection types was slightly lower than that of PCT,WBC,Alb,and PLT in differentiating NIP infection types.The results of multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis showed that elevated S100A4,elevated S100A12,elevated PCT,bacterial infection,and lung consolidation were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with NIP(P<0.05).The AUC of bacterial infection,lung consolidation,PCT,S100A4,and S100A12 for predicting the poor prognosis of chil-dren with NIP was 0.903.It was greater than the AUC predicted separately by bacterial infection,lung consol-idation,PCT,S100A4,and S100A12 levels(Z=9.989,9.460,5.514,4.084,4.376,P<0.001).Conclusion The combination of serum S100A4 and S100A12 with traditional markers has certain discrimina-tory value for the infection types of NIP,and the levels of serum S100A4 and S100A12 are related to the prog-nosis of NIP.