BACKGROUND:It has been proved clinically that adhesion of fibrous scar with the dura mater or nerve root after lumbar operation is an important factor for postoperative symptoms,such as postoperative pain and numbness. OBJECTIVE:To verify the inhibitory effect of autologous ligamentum flavum on the formation of epidural fibrous scar after lumbar surgery and explore the possible molecular biological mechanism. METHODS:Forty-eight Japanese white rabbits(6-8 months old)were randomly divided into three groups:a ligamentum flavum preservation group,a ligamentum flavum non-preservation group,and an autologous fat reposition group.A lumbar laminectomy model was established in all the three groups of rabbits,and rabbit epidural tissues were collected at 3 and 6 weeks after modeling.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histological changes and the number and density of fibroblasts,VG staining was used to observe the percentage of collagen fiber area,and immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of transforming growth factor β1 and Smad3 proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that fibroblasts in the ligamentum flavum preservation group were few and loosely arranged,while the cells in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups were more numerous and closely arranged.The number density of fibroblasts in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was lower than that in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery(P＜0.05);however,there was no significant difference between the latter two groups.VG staining results showed that the collagen fibers in the ligamentum flavum preservation group were sparse and distributed unevenly,while a lot of red collagen fibers were gathered in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups.The area percentage of collagen fibers in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was lower than that in the ligamentum flavum non-preservation and autologous fat reposition groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the latter two groups.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the degree of positive staining of retained histone the ligamentum flavum preservation group was significantly lower than that of the other two groups.The absorbance value of transforming growth factor β1 and Smad3 in the ligamentum flavum preservation group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups at 3 and 6 weeks after surgery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the latter two groups.To conclude,there are different degrees of epidural fibrous scar formation after lumbar surgery.If the ligamentum flavum is preserved,it can help to reduce the number of epidural fibroblasts as well as the formation of collagen fibers,thus reducing the adhesion of the fibrous scar tissue to the dural sac and nerve root.The mechanism is not only a purely mechanical blockade,but also to reduce the formation of epidural fibrous scar by interfering with the transforming growth factor β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of malignant tumor incidence and mortality in cancer registration areas of Sichuan Province in 2021. Methods: Cancer registration data from 142 registries in Sichuan Province in 2021 were collected via the China Cancer Registry Platform. Crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and world population-standardized incidence were standardized using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. Descriptive analyses examined the distribution of rates by genders, urban/rural areas, and ages, and the ranking of leading cancer sites. Results: In 2021, there were 248 600 new malignant tumor cases reported in Sichuan Province, with a crude incidence of 296.37/100 000. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and world population-standardized incidence were 164.67/100 000 and 160.47/100 000, respectively. There were 158 673 malignant tumor deaths, with a crude mortality of 189.16/100 000. The Chinese population-standardized mortality and world population-standardized mortality were 92.47/100 000 and 92.00/100 000, respectively. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality in males were higher than in females (179.56/100 000 vs. 151.62/100 000, 125.09/100 000 vs. 60.35/100 000). The Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality in urban areas were higher than in rural areas (175.74/100 000 vs. 157.54/100 000, 93.63/100 000 vs. 91.82/100 000). Both the crude incidence and crude mortality increased with age. The top ten malignant tumors by crude incidence were lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, and corpus uteri cancer, accounting for 76.33% of all new cases. The top ten by crude mortality were lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and brain tumors, accounting for 82.39% of all cancer deaths. Conclusions In registration areas of Sichuan Province, the incidence and mortality of malignant tumors are relatively low. Key populations such as males, urban residents, and the elderly require focused prevention and control efforts. Comprehensive measures should be prioritized for malignant tumors including lung cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Macrophage polarization anomalies and dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Itaconate is a Krebs cycle-derived immunometabolite synthesized by myeloid cells to modulate cellular metabolism and inflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the immunoregulatory effects of an itaconate derivative on macrophages in patients with ITP. METHODS: Peripheral blood-derived macrophages from patients with ITP and healthy controls were treated with 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of itaconate that can penetrate the cell membrane. Macrophage polarization, antigen-presenting functions, and phagocytic capability were measured via flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Macrophage glycolysis in patients with ITP and the metabolic regulatory effect of 4-OI were detected using a Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. An active murine model of ITP was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of 4-OI in vivo . RESULTS: 4-OI reduced the levels of CD80 and CD86 in M1 macrophages and suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that 4-OI could hinder the polarization of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype. We found that 4-OI pretreated M1 macrophages reduced the proliferation of CD4 + T cells and promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells. In addition, after 4-OI treatment, the phagocytic capacity of M1 macrophages toward antibody-coated platelets decreased significantly in patients with ITP. In addition, the glycolytic function of M1 macrophages was elevated in individuals with ITP compared to those in healthy controls. 4-OI treatment downregulated glycolysis in M1 macrophages. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) also inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages and restored their functions. In vivo , 4-OI treatment significantly increased platelet counts in the active ITP murine model. CONCLUSIONS Itaconate derivative 4-OI inhibited M1 macrophage polarization and restored impaired functions through metabolic reprogramming. This study provides a novel therapeutic option for ITP.
Macrophages/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Succinates/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Flow Cytometry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Metabolic Reprogramming

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OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma （PRP） intrauterine infusion combined with Gushen antai pills in the treatment of recurrent abortion （RSA） and its impacts on endometrial receptivity and hormone levels in patients. METHODS A total of 108 patients with RSA treated in our hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected and evenly divided into control group and study group using the random number table method， with 54 cases in each group. On the basis of conventional treatment， patients in the control group were administered with Gushen antai pills， while patients in the study group received PRP intrauterine infusion combined with Gushen antai pills. The clinical efficacy， TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment， endometrial receptivity [endometrial thickness （EST）， spiral artery resistance index （RI）， and pulsatility index （PI）]， hormone [progesterone （P）， estradiol （E2）， and human chorionic gonadotropin （HCG）] levels， as well as pregnancy outcomes， were compared between the two groups. Additionally， the occurrence of adverse reactions in both groups was recorded. RESULTS The total effective rate （91.44% vs. 81.48%） and infant live birth rate （96.30% vs. 83.33%） of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P＜0.05）. Following treatment， various TCM syndrome scores and total score， spiral artery RI and PI levels in both groups were markedly lower than those in the same groups before treatment， with the study group showing significantly lower levels than the control group（P＜0.05）. Conversely， the P， E2， HCG and EST levels in both groups were significantly higher than those in the same groups before treatment， and the study group exhibited notably higher levels than the control group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS PRP intrauterine infusion combined with Gushen antai pills has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of RSA. It can improve TCM syndromes， enhance endometrial receptivity， regulate hormone levels and improve pregnancy outcomes， and it is highly safe.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of total saponins from Panax japonicus （TSPJ） on white adipose tissue （WAT） browning/brown adipose tissue （BAT） activation in C57BL6/J male mice fed on a high-fat diet （HFD）. MethodThirty-two C57BL6/J male mice （8-week-old） were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a low-dose TSPJ group， and a high-dose TSPJ group. The mice in the low-dose and high-dose TSPJ groups were given TSPJ for four months by gavage at 25， 75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively， and those in the other groups were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC-Na） accordingly. After four months of feeding， all mice were placed at 4 ℃ for acute cold exposure， and the core body temperature was monitored. Subsequently， all mice were sacrificed， and BAT and inguinal WAT （iWAT） were separated rapidly to detect the corresponding indexes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes in each group. The effect of TSPJ on the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， fatty acid-binding protein 4 （FABP4）， cytochrome C （CytC）， PR domain-containing protein 16 （PRDM16）， elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 （ELOVL3）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in iWAT and BAT was detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Western blot was also used to detect the protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in BAT and iWAT of each group. The effect of TSPJ on UCP1 expression in BAT and iWAT was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result① Compared with the model group， TSPJ could decrease the body weight and proportions of iWAT and BAT in the HFD-induced mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② The body temperature of mice in the model group decreased compared with that in the normal group in the acute cold exposure tolerance test （P<0.05）. The body temperature in the high-dose TSPJ group increased compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. ③ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased adipocyte diameter in iWAT and BAT and decreased number of adipocytes per unit area. Compared with the model group， the TSPJ groups showed significantly reduced cell diameter and increased number of cells per unit area， especially in the high-dose TSPJ group. ④ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased mRNA expression of FABP4， UCP1， CytC， PRDM16， ELOVL3， PGC-1α， and PPARγ in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ⑤ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the protein expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPJ could induce the browning of iWAT/BAT activation and enhance adaptive thermogenesis in obese mice induced by HFD. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to the activation of the PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Objective The family reconstruction method was used to establish paternity index algorithm for uncle-nephew relationships between two full sibling uncles and one nephew.Methods According to Mendelian genetic law,the family of two known full-sib uncles and one nephew were reconstructed according to the relationship between uncle and nephew,and the test hypothesis was established between two full sibling uncles and one nephew as the uncle-nephew relationship and unrelated individuals,and the paternity index of the uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew was calculated by using Excel.Results Among the 99 genotypic combinations between two full sibling uncles and one nephew,91 of which were consistent with the genetic rules of uncle-nephew relationships,while 8 of which were not.a stepwise mutation model was introduced in the situations that do not conform to the genetic laws of uncle-nephew relationships.The paternity index of uncle-nephew relationship between two full sibling uncles and one nephew can be calculated using Excel.Conclusion The uncle-nephew testing involved by two full sibling uncles makes use of the role of the assistant,and the paternity index of the obtained uncle-nephew relationship is higher than that between two known full-siblings alone and their nephew,which has a good practical value in helping the appraiser to draw a clear appraisal opinion.

Selenium is one of the essential trace elements in human body, which plays an important role in regulating human growth and physiological function. Selenium deficiency can lead to a variety of diseases, such as Kashin-Beck disease, Keshan disease, thyroid disease and increase the incidence of cancer. It was found that serum selenium level decreased significantly in patients with leukemia, and it was associated with poor prognosis. Selenium can play a dual role in the treatment of leukemia: on the one hand, it can play a synergistic anti-leukemia effect with chemotherapy drugs, and on the other hand, it can reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. In recent years, nano-selenium, as a new type of elemental selenium, has higher bioavailability, stronger bioactivity and lower toxicity than organic and inorganic selenium. This article reviews the progress of selenium and its compounds in leukemia.

Objective To analyze the relationship between angiotensin type Ⅱ 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA),blood uric acid and urea nitrogen with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). Methods A total of 125 patients with HDCP diagnosed in the obstetrics department of Tianjin Municipal Bao-di District People's Hospital from August 2021 to February 2023 were randomly selected as the HDCP group, and 55 healthy pregnant women admitted to this hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The HDCP group was divided into the gestational hypertension subgroup (n=77) and preeclampsia group (n=48) according to the degree of disease progression.The levels of serum uric acid,blood urea nitro-gen and AT1-AA were detected and compared between the HDCP group and control group and between the gestational hypertension subgroup and preeclampsia subgroup.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the age,gestational time,D-dimer,serum calcium and serum creatinine between the control group and the HDCP group (P>0.05).The levels of peripheral blood AT1-AA,serum uric acid and blood u-rea nitrogen in the HDCP group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statisti-cally significant (P<0.05).The levels of peripheral blood AT1-AA,serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen in the preeclampsia subgroup were significantly higher than those in the gestational hypertension subgroup, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that the levels of peripheral blood AT1-AA (r=0.301),serum uric acid (r=0.380) and blood urea nitrogen (r=0.257) levels were positively correlated with the severity degree of HDCP (P<0.01).The area under the curve (AUC) of AT1-AA,serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen detection alone and combined de-tection in the diagnosis of HDCP were 0.680,0.714,0.647 and 0.725,and the corresponding Youden coeffi-cients were 0.368,0.380,0.306 and 0.439,indicating that the value of combined testing was higher than that of single item detection in the diagnosis of HDCP.Conclusion AT1-AA,serum uric acid and blood urea nitro-gen are correlated with the occurrence and development of HDCP,and the 3-item combined detection has high-er value.