Objective To determine the risk factors related to the occurrence of colorectal adenomatous polyps and provide a basis for early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 1 527 cases of colorectal polyps detected by colonoscopy were selected as the research subjects. Data on sociodemographic information, lifestyle and dietary habits, clinical history, laboratory tests, and endoscopic characteristics were collected. The patients were divided into adenoma and non-adenoma groups based on the pathological type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of the above factors on the occurrence of colorectal adenoma. Results Old age (OR: 1.024, 95%CI: 1.001-1.048, P=0.044), high body mass index (OR: 1.046, 95%CI: 1.008-1.087, P=0.020), and a history of smoking (OR: 1.493, 95%CI: 1.035-2.158, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of colorectal adenoma. Patients with better cognitive function had a lower risk of developing colorectal adenoma than those with poorer cognitive function (OR: 0.929, 95%CI: 0.871-0.984, P=0.017). Polyps located in the rectum (OR: 0.396, 95%CI: 0.229-0.677, P=0.001) and those of flat type (OR: 0.531, 95%CI: 0.342-0.810, P=0.004) or laterally spreading type (OR: 0.306, 95%CI: 0.135-0.698, P=0.005) were more likely to be non-adenomatous polyps. The possibility of adenomatous pathological changes increased significantly with an increase in polyp size (OR: 1.063, 95%CI: 1.035-1.095, P<0.001). Conclusion Old age, high body mass index, smoking history, and large polyp diameters are related with a high risk of adenoma in the patients with colorectal polyps. Patients who have satisfactory cognitive function, polyps located in the rectum and polyps of flat type or laterally spreading type are likely to have non-adenoma.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a gastric bypass stent system for weight loss and obesity-associated metabolic parameters.Methods:A sub-analysis of a multicenter randomized control trial was conducted on data of 14 obese patients who were implanted the gastric bypass stent system under endoscopy in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2021 to October 2022. The device was removed after 12 weeks and the patients were followed up for 36 weeks. Outcomes included changes in excess weight loss (EWL), total weight loss (TWL), insulin resistance, liver enzymes, lipids and uric acid at 12, 24 and 36 weeks, and the safety of the device.Results:Among the 14 patients, there were 9 males and 5 females, aged 34.3±7.4 years, with an initial body weight of 104.8±13.9 kg. Stents were removed in advance in 2 patients because of intolerable adverse reactions of the digestive tract. The remaining 12 patients completed follow-up, and their EWL was 34.4%±25.5% at 12 weeks, 39.1%±37.5% at 24 weeks, and 27.3%±40.8% at 36 weeks. TWL was 8.7%±6.2%, 10.1%±10.2% and 8.3%±13.8%, respectively. The levels of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at 12 weeks (4.81±3.71, P=0.022), 24 weeks (4.17±2.77, P=0.002) and 36 weeks (4.66±3.58, P=0.016) were statistically significant compared with baseline (7.03±3.59). The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were 48 (21-124) U/L, 39 (14-96) U/L, 27 (10-86) U/L and 32 (16-113) U/L at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 36 weeks, respectively, and the changes of ALT were statistically significant at 24 weeks and 36 weeks ( P=0.009, P=0.026 compared with baseline). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were 30 (20-62) U/L, 24 (15-72) U/L, 22 (11-56) U/L and 26 (13-74) U/L at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 36 weeks, respectively, and the change of AST was significant at 24 weeks ( P=0.018 compared with baseline). However, the changes of uric acid and serum lipid were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The only severe adverse event was esophageal mucosal laceration during the process of explantation, which was successfully treated with endoscopic clips. There was no device migration, acute pancreatitis or hepatic abscess. Conclusion:The gastric bypass stent system, relatively safe, has a good short-term weight loss effect and improves insulin resistance and liver enzymes.

Objective:To assess the current situation, advantages, and difficulties of standardized management in Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials (IIT).Methods:This article summarized the requirements and policies for clinical research management, the development of clinical research domestically and internationally, the achievements and advantages of clinical research management development in China, and the main problems and difficulties with the standardized IIT management in China, and compiled the experiences and models of several medical institutions in IIT management.Results:While China has a large number of clinical medical publications and is ranked high in the world, the quality of the publications needs to be further improved. Domestic management requirements for IIT were gradually improving, providing a basis for medical institutions to implement standardized management throughout the lifecycle of IIT, and achieve certain progress. However, there were still challenges in the departmental divisions, the unification of management standards, whole-process management and quality control, the scientific review, high-risk project management, and registration.Conclusions:Drawing on the excellent experience of domestic medical institutions, measures including identifying a primary responsible department, establishing unified supervision and inspection standards, and implementing a whole life cycle management may help overcome the challenges in IIT management and improve the quality and efficiency of IIT management.

Humans ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Mass Screening

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of brush cytology and transpapillary biopsy sampling under the guidance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in distinguishing between benign and malignant biliary strictures.Methods:A total of 470 patients with unknown biliary strictures who underwent ERCP at Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2013 to January 2022 were enrolled. Brush cytology was performed before biopsy in a single procedure, and with multiple ERCP brush cytologies or biopsy performed for challenging cases. Clinical data, ERCP procedures, pathological results, and follow-up data were collected. With the final diagnosis as the golden standard, the diagnostic efficacy of brush cytology and biopsy sampling were calculated.Results:The final diagnosis showed 251 cases of malignant and 219 cases of benign biliary strictures. All 470 patients received brush cytology, among whom, 37 patients underwent multiple brush cytologies. Additionally, 114 patients were treated with biopsy sampling. The single brush cytology showed a sensitivity of 49.40% (124/251) and a specificity of 99.09% (217/219) for diagnosing malignant biliary strictures. Multiple brush cytologies showed a sensitivity of 68.42% (13/19) and a specificity of 100.00% (18/18). Biopsy sampling showed a sensitivity of 68.18% (45/66) and a specificity of 97.92% (47/48). Among the 114 patients who underwent both brush cytology and biopsy sampling, the results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of brush cytology combined with biopsy sampling [77.27% (51/66)] and the sensitivity of single biopsy sampling [68.18% (45/66)] were significantly higher than that of single brush cytology [43.94% (29/66), χ 2=13.99, P<0.001; χ 2=6.92, P=0.009]. Conclusion:Combining brush cytology and biopsy forceps during ERCP enhances diagnostic sensitivity in identifying malignant biliary strictures. Biopsy sampling stands out as more sensitive compared with single brush cytology, emphasizing its role in improving diagnostic capabilities.

Objective:To assess the correlation and consistency between the cancer risk-oriented endoscopic Kimura-Takemoto classification and the operative link for gastritis assessment (OLGA) in risk stratification of gastric cancer in patients with chronic gastritis after Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) eradication. Methods:From January 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021, 97 patients with chronic gastritis who successfully underwent H. pylori eradication at Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected. During the follow-up period, all patients underwent standardized magnifying endoscopy to assess gastric mucosal atrophy with the Kimura-Takemoto classification, which was classified as no or mild atrophy, moderate atrophy, and severe atrophy. Additionally, according to the new Sydney staging system, endoscopic biopsies were conducted at 5 sites of the patients to classify into OLGA stages 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, or Ⅳ. Spearman rank correlation analysis and Kappa consistency test were performed to evaluate the correlation and consistency between the 2 evaluation systems, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the predictive ability of the grading of gastric mucosal atrophy under endoscopy in high-risk histological staging. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing the consistency of the 2 evaluation systems. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Longitudinal follow-up was completed in 97 cases, with a follow-up time of (37.38±13.18) months after H. pylori eradication. The proportion of OLGA stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ in patients with no or mild atrophy (21.7%, 10/46) was lower than that in patients with moderate and severe atrophy (63.0%, 29/46 and 5/5, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant( χ2=16.07 and 13.30, both P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in distribution of OLGA staging between patients with moderate atrophy and patients with severe atrophy (all P>0.05). The consistency rate of high-risk assessment for gastric cancer between the 2 evaluation systems was 73.2% (71/97). The correlation between the Kimura-Takemoto classification and OLGA staging was moderate ( r=0.47, 95% confidence interval(95% CI) 0.30 to 0.61, P<0.001). The result of consistency test indicated that the consistency of the 2 evaluation systems was moderate, and the Kappa value was 0.46 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.64, P<0.001). For patients with chronic gastritis after H. pylori eradication, the sensitivity of Kimura-Takemoto classification of moderate to severe atrophy under endoscopy in identifying high-risk of OLGA stages was 77.21% (95% CI 62.16% to 88.53%), the specificity was 69.81% (95% CI 55.66% to 81.66%), and the AUC was 0.735 (95% CI 0.636 to 0.820, P<0.01). As the time after H. pylori eradication increased (post- H. pylori eradication less than 18, 18 to 36, and more than 36 months), the consistency of atrophy assessment between the Kimura-Takemoto classification and OLGA staging reduced (7/8, 84.4% (27/32), 64.9% (37/57), respectively), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.36, P=0.037). The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the time after H. pylori eradication more than 36 months ( OR=3.443, 95% CI 1.117 to 10.614, P=0.031) and gastric ulcer ( OR=3.928, 95% CI 1.177 to 13.110, P=0.026) were independent factors influencing the consistency between the Kimura-Takemoto classification and OLGA staging. Conclusions:The endoscopic and histological changes of chronic gastritis after eradication of H. pylori are consistent. Within short period after H. pylori eradication (no more than 36 months), the sensitivity of high-risk classification under endoscopy is high and the specificity is moderate, which can predict high-risk histological staging to a certain degree.

Faced with the increasing demand for technological innovation, how to effectively carry out and regulate the export of medical-related scientific research data has become an urgent issue. The author reviewed the current requirements and status of data export in China and abroad, as well as the relevant requirements for medical data management in China, and introduced the practical experience of the first data compliance export case of medical field in China. In view of the main difficulties in the management of medical-related scientific research data export, such as the lack of multi-professional background members of the project team, the difficulty in writing professional documents, the relatively single template, the lack of personalized templates suitable for different professional field, and the need for homogenization of regulatory standards and requirements, it is proposed to rely on a qualified third-party platform in the form of entrusted business, adopt the optional mode under the general declaration template, establish unified regulatory standards, pay attention to the important data and national core data involved in the data export, pay attention to the ethical issues, and replace the original data with derivative data, and keep to " necessity principle" and " minimization principle", so as to provide reference for medical institutions and management departments to strengthen the standardized management and security guarantee of medical-related scientific research data export.

Purpose To explore the changes in biventricular volume and mass in chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients with preserved ejection fraction using cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR),and evaluate cardiac function using tissue-tracking strain analysis.Materials and Methods The retrospective analysis of 40 CKD patients without symptoms of cardiovascular disease,diabetes and the estimated glomerular filtration rate<60 ml/(min·1.73 m2)who were treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 2020 to June 2023 and 25 age-and gender-matched healthy volunteers.All participants underwent 1.5T CMR scans to calculate left and right ventricular function,myocardial strain and native T1 and T2 values,and differences in various imaging parameters between the two groups were compared.Results The native T1 value[(1 109.6±35.9)ms]and T2 value[(58.1±2.9)ms]of CKD patients were significantly higher than those in control group[(1 046.3±15.9)ms,(53.3±2.3)ms](t=8.296,6.916,both P<0.001).The left ventricular end-diastolic volume index,left ventricular end-systolic volume index,left ventricular mass index,right ventricular end-diastolic volume index,right ventricular end-systolic volume index and right ventricular mass index of CKD patients were significantly increased compared with the control group(t=3.233,3.350,5.751,7.746,5.937,2.363,all P<0.05),while the left and right ventricular strain parameters,left ventricular global longitudinal strain,left ventricular global circumferential strain,left ventricular global radial strain,right ventricular global longitudinal strain,right ventricular global circumferential strain and right ventricular global radial strain were significantly decreased(t=9.506,9.072,-10.603,10.496,11.574,-4.018,all P<0.001),and the estimated glomerular filtration rate exhibited significant correlations with left ventricular global longitudinal strain(r=-0.636),left ventricular global radial strain(r=0.688),right ventricular global longitudinal strain(r=-0.513),right ventricular global circumferential strain(r=-0.827)and right ventricular global radial strain(r=0.514)(all P<0.001).Conclusion CMR can quantitatively assess myocardial fibrosis and edema in patients with CKD,and tissue tracking strain analysis can detect myocardial motion abnormalities before changes in ventricular ejection fraction,offering value in the early detection of cardiac involvement in CKD patients..

Objective:To assess the treatment outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) in patients with obstructive jaundice due to unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods:The clinical data of patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent EUS-BD due to ERCP failure at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital from September 2018 to November 2023, was retrospectively collected and analyzed. We explored the technical success, clinical success, and adverse events associated with EUS-BD.Results:In total, 43 EUS-BD procedures were performed in 39 patients with a technical success rate of 86.0% (37/43). The clinical success rate was 81.1% (30/37). Biliary drainage was not effectively achieved in seven cases, including two fatal cases and five cases of recurrent postoperative biliary obstruction. The incidence of adverse events was 21.6% (8/37), including two cases of postoperative bile leakage peritonitis, two cases of stent displacement, one case of stent dislocation, one case of perforation, and two cases of death.Conclusion:EUS-BD is a relatively safe and effective method for bile duct drainage, serving as a dependable alternative therapeutic option for patients with obstructive jaundice due to unsuccessful ERCP.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is advancing rapidly, constantly presenting its application value and broad prospects in the medical field. Especially in the early intervention of burn diseases, the new developments, applications, and challenges of AI technology have a significant impact on the clinical outcomes of burn patients. Based on this, this article reviews the concept, classification, learning style, and application of AI in the early diagnosis and treatment of burn diseases, with a focus on discussing the challenges and suggestions of the application of AI technology in the medical field, in order to provide reference and suggestions for the better application of AI in the early diagnosis and treatment of burn diseases.