BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation is a major cause of exacerbation after spinal cord injury.In recent years,pyroptosis has received much attention due to its remarkable pro-inflammatory features.Some of these natural products can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and improve the damaged nerve function by regulating the level of pyroptosis after spinal cord injury,which provides a new therapeutic idea for spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of action of natural products in regulating pyroptosis for the treatment of spinal cord injury,with a view to providing lessons and references for future research on the treatment of spinal cord injury.METHODS:The search terms"spinal cord injury,pyroptosis,inflammasome,natural products,natural compounds,traditional Chinese medicine"in Chinese and English were used to search for relevant literature since the establishment of the database up to September 2024 in the databases of PubMed,Web of Science,WanFang,and CNKI.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,75 relevant articles were finally obtained.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Pyroptosis is an important pro-inflammatory pathway in spinal cord injury,and controlling pyroptosis is an effective way to improve damaged nerve function.(2)Some natural products can regulate pyroptosis via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 classical pyroptosis pathway,the NF-κB-related pathway,other upstream pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1,and autophagy,thereby affecting the level of tissue inflammation and accelerating neurological recovery after spinal cord injury.(3)The anti-pyroptosis effects of these natural products are mostly dependent on the NLRP3 classical pyroptosis pathway,and there is a lack of studies on other pyroptosis pathways.(4)There are still many problems in this field,such as the fact that these natural products are not currently supported by evidence from appropriate clinical studies.(5)The natural product has great potential in regulating pyroptosis and is expected to be a powerful weapon in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND:Neuroinflammation is a major cause of exacerbation after spinal cord injury.In recent years,pyroptosis has received much attention due to its remarkable pro-inflammatory features.Some of these natural products can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and improve the damaged nerve function by regulating the level of pyroptosis after spinal cord injury,which provides a new therapeutic idea for spinal cord injury.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of action of natural products in regulating pyroptosis for the treatment of spinal cord injury,with a view to providing lessons and references for future research on the treatment of spinal cord injury.METHODS:The search terms"spinal cord injury,pyroptosis,inflammasome,natural products,natural compounds,traditional Chinese medicine"in Chinese and English were used to search for relevant literature since the establishment of the database up to September 2024 in the databases of PubMed,Web of Science,WanFang,and CNKI.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,75 relevant articles were finally obtained.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Pyroptosis is an important pro-inflammatory pathway in spinal cord injury,and controlling pyroptosis is an effective way to improve damaged nerve function.(2)Some natural products can regulate pyroptosis via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 classical pyroptosis pathway,the NF-κB-related pathway,other upstream pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1,and autophagy,thereby affecting the level of tissue inflammation and accelerating neurological recovery after spinal cord injury.(3)The anti-pyroptosis effects of these natural products are mostly dependent on the NLRP3 classical pyroptosis pathway,and there is a lack of studies on other pyroptosis pathways.(4)There are still many problems in this field,such as the fact that these natural products are not currently supported by evidence from appropriate clinical studies.(5)The natural product has great potential in regulating pyroptosis and is expected to be a powerful weapon in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.

Objective To evaluate the gene therapeutic effects of guinea pigs model with immune -mediated inner ear disease(IMIED)after locally injection of bone -marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) decorated by in-terleukin-4 gene .Methods Guinea pigs were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and caused 55 animal models ,divided into five groups ,each group with 11 animals :groupA(BMSCs carrier) ,group B(BMSCs emp-ty -carrier control group) ,group C(recombinent lentivirus IL -4 gene) ,group D(lentivirus empty -carrier control group) ,group E(simulation operation control group) .Groups were all injected with the corresponding suspension (20 μl)[includs BMSCs ceas of (1 .5~2 .0) × 106 ,the concentration of (entivirus) is 0 .5 × 108 pfu] by the scala tympani window into the inner ear .The fluorography immunohistochemistry test and enzyme immunohistochemistry test for the situation of IL -4 gene express and productive protein distribution in inner ear .Auditory functions and the KLH level of guinea pigs blood were monitored respectively by auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and ELISA test .Results The threshold of ABR wave Ⅲ decreased in group A ,group B and group C .The result were more significant in group A and group B than that in group C ,but results in group A was more prominent (P<0 .05) . The results of immunohistochemistry test showed that fluorescence positive BMSCs mainly scattered in scala tymani and scala vestibule .The microscope results showed that for the group A ,B and C ,there were only few foccule and red and white blood cells in scala tympani floc ,but for group D and group E ,with different levels of labyrinthine hy-drops and some mononuclear cells around the spiral ganglion and small blood vessels .Conclusion Restructuring lentiviral vector with IL -4 gene can be successfully transfected into BMSCs in vitro ,compared to inplangting into inner ear in scala tympani approach ,the cells can migrate and generate gene product of IL -4 ,to significantly im-prove the auditory functions and inflammatory reaction of inner ear disease ,and BMSCs can be used as a carrier to migrate to the damaged part with therapeutic gene .

Adult ; Balloon Occlusion ; instrumentation ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; complications ; therapy ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; complications