Lonicerae Japonicae Flos refers to the dried flower buds or flowers about to open of Lonicera japonica （Caprifoliaceae）. Its dried flower buds or early blooming flowers are listed in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （2020 edition） as official medicinal materials. As a Chinese medicine with "heat-clearing and detoxifying" properties and a classic medicinal-edible resource， it is mainly produced in northern authentic producing regions such as Shandong， Henan， and Hebei in China. Lonicerae Japonicae Flos contains abundant bioactive substances that are considered safe and effective， with functions including relieving sore throat， antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects， and immune regulation. In recent years， with the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the rapid development of the "big health" industry， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has become a research hotspot in the fields of natural medicines and functional foods due to its multi-target pharmacological activities and broad application potential. To date， chemical constituents identified from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos include organic acids， flavonoids， iridoids， triterpenes， triterpenoid saponins， and volatile oils. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Lonicerae Japonicae Flos possesses anti-inflammatory， antibacterial， antioxidant， antiviral， antidiabetic， cardiovascular and neuroprotective， and immunomodulatory activities. In terms of modern applications， Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has developed into a full industrial chain covering pharmaceuticals， health products， daily chemical products， and food additives， demonstrating high medicinal and health value. Strengthening the development of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos-based health products is of great significance. Based on relevant domestic and international literature， this paper systematically reviews the innovative applications of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos in traditional medicine， modern clinical formulations， health foods， and daily chemical products from the perspectives of chemical composition， pharmacological effects， and modern applications， aiming to further deepen basic research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Meanwhile， this paper analyzes and proposes suggestions for promoting applied research on Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， in order to provide a scientific basis for its sound development and to offer references for the rational development and comprehensive utilization of medicinal and edible resources.

Edema， as a common pathological phenomenon， is essentially the abnormal accumulation of body fluids in the interstitial spaces of human tissues and is often a direct manifestation of various underlying diseases， such as heart failure， impaired renal filtration function， or liver metabolic disorders. In the Western medical system， strategies for treating edema primarily focus on the use of diuretics to promote the excretion of excess fluid in the body， while simultaneously addressing the underlying causes through targeted treatment. However， long-term reliance on the use of diuretics may lead to a decrease in drug sensitivity and induce side effects， including electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia， posing a potential threat to patients' overall health. Compared with Western medicine， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated well-recognized and sustained efficacy in treating edema with its unique theoretical system. Zhulingtang， as a classic and commonly used TCM formula， is widely applied as it can effectively relieve edema and related symptoms. In recent years， ongoing in-depth studies on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang have revealed multiple mechanisms of action of Zhulingtang， including the regulation of water metabolism and the reduction of inflammatory responses， thereby providing a solid theoretical basis for clinical practice. This review summarized the research progress on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang in recent years and analyzed the active ingredients and action pathways of Zhulingtang. Additionally， the primary mechanisms of action and efficacy were systematically analyzed， so as to provide references for the clinical application of Zhulingtang in treating various types of edema， such as cardiogenic edema， renal edema， and hepatogenic edema. This review aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for clinicians in deciding treatment approaches， as well as references for subsequent in-depth studies， thereby promoting further development of TCM in the treatment of edema.

Edema， as a common pathological phenomenon， is essentially the abnormal accumulation of body fluids in the interstitial spaces of human tissues and is often a direct manifestation of various underlying diseases， such as heart failure， impaired renal filtration function， or liver metabolic disorders. In the Western medical system， strategies for treating edema primarily focus on the use of diuretics to promote the excretion of excess fluid in the body， while simultaneously addressing the underlying causes through targeted treatment. However， long-term reliance on the use of diuretics may lead to a decrease in drug sensitivity and induce side effects， including electrolyte disorders such as hypokalemia and hypercalcemia， posing a potential threat to patients' overall health. Compared with Western medicine， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has demonstrated well-recognized and sustained efficacy in treating edema with its unique theoretical system. Zhulingtang， as a classic and commonly used TCM formula， is widely applied as it can effectively relieve edema and related symptoms. In recent years， ongoing in-depth studies on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang have revealed multiple mechanisms of action of Zhulingtang， including the regulation of water metabolism and the reduction of inflammatory responses， thereby providing a solid theoretical basis for clinical practice. This review summarized the research progress on the treatment of edema with Zhulingtang in recent years and analyzed the active ingredients and action pathways of Zhulingtang. Additionally， the primary mechanisms of action and efficacy were systematically analyzed， so as to provide references for the clinical application of Zhulingtang in treating various types of edema， such as cardiogenic edema， renal edema， and hepatogenic edema. This review aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for clinicians in deciding treatment approaches， as well as references for subsequent in-depth studies， thereby promoting further development of TCM in the treatment of edema.

Lean six sigma (LSS) emphasizes patient demand-oriented, and continuously optimizing prolesses to achieve efficiency and standardization in medical services. Starting in 2021, a specialized children′s hospital (comprising one main campus and three branch campuses) introduced the LSS management method. Through define, measure, analyze, improve, and control, the hospital utilized tools such as questionnaire surveys, SIPOC models, and fishbone diagrams to identify pain points in the building of multi-campus child-friendly hospital and develop improvement measures.To address the main issues of insufficient cross-campus collaboration, significant disparities in service quality among different campuses, unclear functional positioning of each campus, and inadequate integration with social security mechanisms, the hospital implemented a " homogeneity-differentiation-coordination" management mode. The hospital implemented unified diagnosis and treatment standards and clinical pathways, carried out remote consultations and expert rotations, completed mutual recognition of examination and testing results, optimized child friendly labeling and child friendly environment, and built a " hospital-to-hospitals, hospital to medical schools, and hospital to community health centers" linkage platform, etc., to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment processes, clear functional positioning of the hospital area, and efficient resource allocation. Through practice, the outpatient appointment rate and patient satisfaction rate in the main hospital had increased from 86.72% and 98.64% in January December 2021 to 91.87% and 99.72% in January December 2024, respectively; The patient waiting time had been shortened from 26.54 minutes to 21.94 minutes, and the efficiency of medical treatment and service experience had been significantly improved. As of 2024, mutual recognition of 214 inspection and testing items had been achieved cross hospital campuses, forming a collaborative pattern of " main hospital leading, campuses support, and resource complementarity", and significantly improving the level of collaboration and child friendly connotation among multi-campus. This practice explored the integration path of multi-campus collaborative governance and child-friendly services, which could provide reference and inspiration for the similar hospitals.

Lean six sigma (LSS) emphasizes patient demand-oriented, and continuously optimizing prolesses to achieve efficiency and standardization in medical services. Starting in 2021, a specialized children′s hospital (comprising one main campus and three branch campuses) introduced the LSS management method. Through define, measure, analyze, improve, and control, the hospital utilized tools such as questionnaire surveys, SIPOC models, and fishbone diagrams to identify pain points in the building of multi-campus child-friendly hospital and develop improvement measures.To address the main issues of insufficient cross-campus collaboration, significant disparities in service quality among different campuses, unclear functional positioning of each campus, and inadequate integration with social security mechanisms, the hospital implemented a " homogeneity-differentiation-coordination" management mode. The hospital implemented unified diagnosis and treatment standards and clinical pathways, carried out remote consultations and expert rotations, completed mutual recognition of examination and testing results, optimized child friendly labeling and child friendly environment, and built a " hospital-to-hospitals, hospital to medical schools, and hospital to community health centers" linkage platform, etc., to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment processes, clear functional positioning of the hospital area, and efficient resource allocation. Through practice, the outpatient appointment rate and patient satisfaction rate in the main hospital had increased from 86.72% and 98.64% in January December 2021 to 91.87% and 99.72% in January December 2024, respectively; The patient waiting time had been shortened from 26.54 minutes to 21.94 minutes, and the efficiency of medical treatment and service experience had been significantly improved. As of 2024, mutual recognition of 214 inspection and testing items had been achieved cross hospital campuses, forming a collaborative pattern of " main hospital leading, campuses support, and resource complementarity", and significantly improving the level of collaboration and child friendly connotation among multi-campus. This practice explored the integration path of multi-campus collaborative governance and child-friendly services, which could provide reference and inspiration for the similar hospitals.

Background Arsenic exposure is a common and important environmental and occupational hazardous factor in China, and arsenic-induced insulin resistance (IR) has attracted widespread attention as a negative health outcome to the population. Objective To explore part of the mechanism of hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure based on the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ (PPARγ)/ glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) pathway, and to investigate potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on hepatic IR induced by arsenic exposure and associated mechanism of action. Methods The target of drug action was predicted by network pharmacology and verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo experiments: 48 SPF C57BL/6J male mice were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ model group (NaAsO₂), 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂+10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE intervene group (NaAsO₂+GBE), and 10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE group (GBE), 12 mice in each group. The animals were given free access to purified water containing 50 mg·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂, or given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline containing 10 mg·kg⁻¹ GBE once per week. After 6 months of exposure, blood glucose detection, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed. Serum and liver tissues were collected after the mice were neutralized, liver histopathological sections were obtained, serum insulin levels, liver tissue glycogen content, glucose content were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by Western blot (WB). In vitro experiments: HepG2 cells were divided into 4 groups, including control group, 8 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ group (NaAsO₂), 8 μmol·L⁻¹ NaAsO₂ + 200 mg·L⁻¹ GBE intervene group (NaAsO₂+GBE), and 200 mg·L⁻¹ GBE group (GBE). The levels of glycogen and glucose were detected by ELISA, and the expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 proteins was detected by WB. Results A strong binding effect between GBE and PPARγ was revealed by network pharmacology. In in vivo experiments, the NaAsO₂ group exhibited an elevated blood glucose compared to the control group, and the NaAsO₂+GBE group showed a decreased blood glucose compared to the NaAsO₂ group (P<0.01). The histopathological sections indicated severe liver structural damage in the arsenic exposure groups (NaAsO₂ group and NaAsO₂+GBE group), with varying staining intensity, partial liver cell necrosis, and diffuse red blood cell appearance. Both results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed a decrease in glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake in the NaAsO₂ groups compared to the control groups, which was alleviated in the NaAsO₂+GBE group (P<0.01). The results of WB revealed inhibited PPARγ expression and reduced GLUT4 levels on the cell membrane, and all these changes were alleviated in the NaAsO₂+GBE group (P<0.01). Conclusion This study findings suggest that GBE antagonizes arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR by regulating the PPARγ/GLUT4 pathway, indicating that GBE has a protective effect on arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR, and PPARγ may be a potential therapeutic target for arsenic exposure-induced hepatic IR.

Objective To explore the effects of thunder-fire moxibustion in improving affected upper limb hypermyotonia of patients after stroke, so as to provide a clinical basis for improving affected upper limb hypermyotonia (spasm) after stroke. Methods From June 2016 to February 2017, we selected 100 stroke patients from Fastern Area of Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. All of the patients were divided into control group and experimental group according to the order of admission, 50 cases in each group. Patients of control group accepted routine rehabilitation training. On that basis, patients of experimental group were also treated with thunder-fire moxibustion. We compared the rehabilitation efficacy of two groups with the activity of daily living (Barthel) and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Results The scores of MAS of experimental group were (1.83±0.64) and (1.27±0.85) respectively 14 and 28 days after intervention, lower than those of control group [(2.60±0.79), (1.99±0.85)]with significant differences (t=-2.711, -2.808; P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the score of activity of daily living between experimental group (55.44±19.77) and control group (48.85±13.73), (t=2.112, P=0.037). Conclusions The thunder-fire moxibustion combined with rehabilitation could improve the activity of daily living of patients after stroke and reduce the degree of affected upper limb spasm of patients.