Objective To investigate the application value of bedside ultrasound measurement of gastric antrum cross-sectional area(CSA)combined with acute gastrointestinal injury ultrasound(AGIUS)score in guiding early individualized enteral nutrition therapy for sepsis patients.Methods From January 2023 to July 2024,61 sepsis patients meeting diagnostic criteria were enrolled and divided into an observation group(n=30)and a control group(n=31).The observation group underwent bedside ultrasound monitoring of gastric antrum CSA to calculate gastric residual volume(GRV)and AGIUS score for formulating individualized en-teral nutrition strategies.The control group used gastric tube withdrawal method for GRV measurement to guide enteral nutrition.Clinical baseline characteristics,enteral nutrition-related complications,nutritional/in-fection indicators,and disease severity parameters were compared between groups.Predictive efficacy was ana-lyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and area under the curve(AUC).Results Both groups showed gradual increases in enteral nutrition feeding rates and total volumes over time,with the obser-vation group demonstrating significantly higher values than the control group at each time point(P＜0.05).The observation group started nasogastric feeding earlier than the control group(P＜0.05).Target calorie a-chievement rates on day 3,5,and 7 were better in the observation group(P＜0.05).The incidence of feeding intolerance progressively decreased in the observation group but increased in the control group over day 1,3,and 5,with significant intergroup differences at each time point(P＜0.05).By day 7,the observation group exhibited significantly higher prealbumin(PA),albumin(ALB),and transferrin(TF)levels compared to day 1 and the control group(P＜0.05).Both groups showed reductions in APACHE Ⅱ,SOFA,and AGI scores by day 7,with the observation group displaying significantly lower scores than the control group(P＜0.05).The observation group had shorter ICU stays[(10.83±3.26)d vs.(14.55±3.14)d,P＜0.05].The combination of gastric antrum CSA measurement and AGIUS scoring demonstrated excellent predictive value for feeding intolerance(AUC=0.920,95％CI:0.848-0.963),with 95.50％sensitivity and 82.50％specificity,achieving 87.60％predictive accuracy.Conclusion Bedside ultrasound measurement of gastric antrum cross-sectional area(CSA)combined with AGIUS scoring shows good effect as a safe and effective monitoring modality for guiding early individualized enteral nutrition therapy in sepsis patients.

Background:With the development of medical technology,cholangioscopy has been increasingly utilized in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).They play a significant role in the visual diagnosis and biopsy of tumors,providing more accurate and detailed information for clinicians.Aims:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of peroral cholangioscopy combined with ERCP in biliary diseases.Methods:A total of 90 cases underwent peroral cholangioscopy and ERCP from October 2022 to October 2023 at Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were recruited retrospectively,and the clinical data were collected.The success rate,postoperative complications,and other relevant indicators were evaluated.Results:A total of 90 patients were enrolled,the preoperative diagnosis including common bile duct stones(43 cases),biliary obstruction by tumor invasion(21 cases),benign biliary stenosis(15 cases),benign ampullary tumors(6 cases),postoperative biliary stricture after liver transplantation(3 cases),primary sclerosing cholangitis(1 case),and biliary varices(1 case).The technical success rate of peroral cholangioscopy with ERCP was 100%,and the stone removal rate was 95.3%(41/43),the average operation time was(81±37)min,and the ERCP re-intervention rate within six months was 17.8%.Postoperative complications included fever(7.8%),abdominal pain(3.3%),bleeding/anemia(2.2%),and postoperative pancreatitis(2.2%).Conclusions:The combination of peroral cholangioscopy with ERCP is safe and effective for the biliary diseases with no increase in procedure-related adverse events and risks.

Background:With the development of medical technology,cholangioscopy has been increasingly utilized in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).They play a significant role in the visual diagnosis and biopsy of tumors,providing more accurate and detailed information for clinicians.Aims:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of peroral cholangioscopy combined with ERCP in biliary diseases.Methods:A total of 90 cases underwent peroral cholangioscopy and ERCP from October 2022 to October 2023 at Shanghai General Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were recruited retrospectively,and the clinical data were collected.The success rate,postoperative complications,and other relevant indicators were evaluated.Results:A total of 90 patients were enrolled,the preoperative diagnosis including common bile duct stones(43 cases),biliary obstruction by tumor invasion(21 cases),benign biliary stenosis(15 cases),benign ampullary tumors(6 cases),postoperative biliary stricture after liver transplantation(3 cases),primary sclerosing cholangitis(1 case),and biliary varices(1 case).The technical success rate of peroral cholangioscopy with ERCP was 100%,and the stone removal rate was 95.3%(41/43),the average operation time was(81±37)min,and the ERCP re-intervention rate within six months was 17.8%.Postoperative complications included fever(7.8%),abdominal pain(3.3%),bleeding/anemia(2.2%),and postoperative pancreatitis(2.2%).Conclusions:The combination of peroral cholangioscopy with ERCP is safe and effective for the biliary diseases with no increase in procedure-related adverse events and risks.

Background: Unintended intraoperative hypothermia is a common complication of general anesthesia surgery, which can cause pain, coagulation dysfunction, wound infection, delayed recovery, and other adverse consequences. There are few studies related to intraoperative hypothermia during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Aims: To analyze the risk factors of intraoperative hypothermia during ERCP under general anesthesia and establish a predictive model. Methods: A total of 121 patients underwent ERCP under general anesthesia from September 2021 to November 2021 at Shanghai General Hospital were recruited, and relevant clinical data were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to screen risk factors, and a predictive model was constructed. The model was externally validated by independent datasets with ROC curve and Hosmer⁃Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results: A total of 114 patients were enrolled in modeling group. The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia was 11.40% (13/114). There were more women in the hypothermia group (P<0.05). The temperature of entering the operating room and operating room temperature were relatively lower in the hypothermia group (P<0.05). Gender was an independent risk factor for intraoperative hypothermia in ERCP under general anesthesia (P<0.05). The predictive model constructed by using gender and temperature of entering the operating room screened by Logistic regression analysis had a good discrimination and calibration, area under the ROC curve by external validation was 0.78. Conclusions: Gender and temperature of entering the operating room can effectively predict the occurrence of intraoperative hypothermia and assist perioperative monitoring and management.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an endogenous component of event-related potential that occurs with deviation stimulus. It has been widely used as a biomarker in schizophrenia-related researh. Studies have shown that MMN is correlated with early diagnosis of mental illness, cognitive impairment, and social-behavioral dysfunction in psychiatric patients. Further studies on relevant mechanisms would be conducive to understand the electrophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes of mental diseases and provide a new treatment strategy. This review introduces the latest progress in basic research and clinical application of MMN in schizophrenia, discusses the future research direction of MMN, and provides evidence for further research.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an endogenous component of event-related potential that occurs with deviation stimulus. It has been widely used as a biomarker in schizophrenia-related researh. Studies have shown that MMN is correlated with early diagnosis of mental illness, cognitive impairment, and social-behavioral dysfunction in psychiatric patients. Further studies on relevant mechanisms would be conducive to understand the electrophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes of mental diseases and provide a new treatment strategy. This review introduces the latest progress in basic research and clinical application of MMN in schizophrenia, discusses the future research direction of MMN, and provides evidence for further research.

ObjectiveTo observe the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on collagen metabolism of normal human skin fibroblasts and its biological role in the formation of hypertrophic scar.Methods Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in vitro,and then exposed to different doses of LPS (0.005,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5,1.0 μg/ml) from E.coli.055:B5 respectively.The expression of proccllagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲand collagenase mRNAs was tested by RT -PCR.Fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar tissue obtained from the same patients in the same culture passage were used as control.ResultsCompared with control group,the expression of procollagen typeⅠ,Ⅲ mRNAs in normal skin fibroblasts increased (0.323 ± 0.041,0.303 ± 0.063,0.391 ± 0.071,0.344 ± 0.086,0.488 ± 0.059,0.401 ± 0.087,0.616 ± 0.107,0.434 ±0.084,0.823 ±0.092,0.542 ± 0.082),while the expression of collagenase mRNAs of normal skin fibroblasts depressed(0.598 ± 0.068,0.556 ± 0.049,0.441 ± 0.043,0.372 ± 0.083,0.260 ± 0.027 ).When LPS was set to the concentration of 0.005 μg/ml,it showed a concentration dependent manner.However,when the concentration of LPS was set to 0.5 μg/ml,the expression of procollagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and collagenase mRNAs of normal skin fibroblasts began to decrease (0.451 ± 0.063,0.374 ± 0.072,0.360 ± 0.062).When the concentration of LPS was set to 1.0 μg/ml,the expression of procollagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ mRNAs (0.162 ± 0.025,0.171 ± 0.061 )were inhibited and the expression of collagenase mRNAs began to increase (0.444 ±0.114).When the concentration of LPS was set to 0.1 μg/ml,the expression of procollagen type Ⅰ,Ⅲ and collagenase mRNAs of normal skin fibroblasts(0.823 ±0.092,0.542 ±0.082,0.260 ±0.027)was similar to that of hypertrophic scar tissue fibroblasts(0.829 ±0.049,0.569 ±0.038,0.277 ±0.059).ConclusionsThis result supported that LPS may be an important factor in collagen metabolism of normal skin fibroblasts and it plays an important role in hypertrophic scar formation.

Objective To explore the relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and acute radiation pneumonitis after three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.MethodsPulmonary function tests were conducted on 68 inoperable patients (male 42,female 26,median age 52,KPS≥80) before and after three months radiotherapy respectively.After 3 months of follow-up,radiation pneumonitis were graded,and V20,V30 and MLD were derived from dose volume histogram (DVH).ResultsAll patients were treated with radiotherapy at the irradiation dose of 60～70Gy.Acute radiation pneumonitis occurred in 24 patients with 11 Grade Ⅰ,7 Grade Ⅱ,3 Grade Ⅲ,3 Grade Ⅳ.There were no significant difference between the pre-irradiation and the three months after irradiation for FVC (P＞0.05).But there were significant different between pre-irradiation and three months after irradiation for FEV1.0 and DLCO (P＜0.05).V20,V30 and MLD were observed in patients treated with high radiation pneumonitis.ConclusionsThere were close relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To observe the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the cell cycle and the mRNAs expression of procollagen type Ⅰ , Ⅲ of normal human skin fibroblasts. Methods Purified dermal fibroblasts were exposed to different doses of LPS(0. 005 ～ 1.0 μg/ml) from E. coli. Then the cell cycle of fibroblasts at logarithmic stage at day 7 after LPS administration was assayed with flow cytometry.The expression of procollagen type Ⅰ , Ⅲ and collagenase mRNAs was tested by RT-PCR. Results The percentage of S phase cells in cell cycle of normal human skin fibroblasts increased when LPS concentrations were changed from 0. 005 to 0. 1 μg/ml, and the increase showed a concentration dependent manner. However, when the concentration of LPS was 0. 5 μg/ml, the percentage of S phase cells began to decrease, but still higher than normal control. When LPS concentration reached 1.0 μg/ml, the percentage of S phase cells were lower than normal control. The expression of procollagen type Ⅰ , Ⅲ mRNAs of normal skin fibroblasts increased when LPS was challenged to the concentration of 0. 005 μg/ml, and the influence showed a concentration dependent manner. However, when the concentration of LPS was 0. 5 μg/ml, the influence of LPS on the expression of procollagen type Ⅰ , Ⅲ of normal skin fibroblasts began to decrease.When the concentration of LPS reached 1.0 μg/ml, the expression of procollagen type Ⅰ , Ⅲ mRNAs were inhibited. Conclusions LPS promoted the proliferation and collagen synthesis of normal human skin fibroblasts within a certain range of low doses, while high doses of LPS might inhibit the proliferation and collagen synthesis of normal human skin fibroblasts.