Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（SMPP）with bronchiolitis and consolidation to raise awareness.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on children hospitalized at the first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University diagnosed with（SMPP）from February 2023 to January 2024.The children were divided into bronchiolitis group and large consolidation group based on their high-resolution CT imaging findings.Data on basic information，clinical features，auxiliary examination results，and bronchoscopy findings were analyzed.Results:This study included 415 pediatric patients，including 203 with bronchiolitis and 212 with large consolidation.The proportion of males，atopy rate，and first-degree relative atopy rate in the bronchiolitis group were higher，and the age of the bronchiolitis group was younger（ P<0.05）.The fever peak，incidence of fever，and low breath sound in the bronchiolitis group were lower，and the incidence of hypoxemia，wheezing，shortness of breath，inspiratory tri-concave signs，moist rales were higher than those in the consolidation group（ P<0.05）.The white blood cell counts，platelet counts，and lactate dehydrogenase were higher and the percentage of neutrophils，C-reactive protein，ferritin，D-dimer，and fibrinogen degradation products were lower in the bronchiolitis group than those in the consolidation group（ P<0.05）.The rate of 2 or more bronchoscopy procedures，and the proportion of longitudinal plica，mucus plug，and plastic in the consolidation group were higher than those in the bronchiolitis group（ P<0.05）.After three months of follow-up，there were 8 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans，including 7 cases in the bronchiolitis group and 1 case in the large consolidation group. Conclusion:If atopy，wheezing，and dyspnea are present in young children and preschool children with confirmed SMPP，they should be closely monitored for signs of bronchiolitis SMPP.Children with significant consolidation on imaging should have the possibility of various intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary problems taken into account.Appropriate treatment options should be implemented during the acute phase based on the imaging findings.

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia（SMPP）with bronchiolitis and consolidation to raise awareness.Methods:Retrospective analysis was conducted on children hospitalized at the first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University diagnosed with（SMPP）from February 2023 to January 2024.The children were divided into bronchiolitis group and large consolidation group based on their high-resolution CT imaging findings.Data on basic information，clinical features，auxiliary examination results，and bronchoscopy findings were analyzed.Results:This study included 415 pediatric patients，including 203 with bronchiolitis and 212 with large consolidation.The proportion of males，atopy rate，and first-degree relative atopy rate in the bronchiolitis group were higher，and the age of the bronchiolitis group was younger（ P<0.05）.The fever peak，incidence of fever，and low breath sound in the bronchiolitis group were lower，and the incidence of hypoxemia，wheezing，shortness of breath，inspiratory tri-concave signs，moist rales were higher than those in the consolidation group（ P<0.05）.The white blood cell counts，platelet counts，and lactate dehydrogenase were higher and the percentage of neutrophils，C-reactive protein，ferritin，D-dimer，and fibrinogen degradation products were lower in the bronchiolitis group than those in the consolidation group（ P<0.05）.The rate of 2 or more bronchoscopy procedures，and the proportion of longitudinal plica，mucus plug，and plastic in the consolidation group were higher than those in the bronchiolitis group（ P<0.05）.After three months of follow-up，there were 8 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans，including 7 cases in the bronchiolitis group and 1 case in the large consolidation group. Conclusion:If atopy，wheezing，and dyspnea are present in young children and preschool children with confirmed SMPP，they should be closely monitored for signs of bronchiolitis SMPP.Children with significant consolidation on imaging should have the possibility of various intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary problems taken into account.Appropriate treatment options should be implemented during the acute phase based on the imaging findings.

Objective:To explore a surgical technique and treatment outcomes of the segmentle bridging reconstruction for severed fingers with single segmentle defect by using the free second toe bone-joint composite tissue combined with the great toe flap.Methods:From June 2010 to September 2017, 5 patients suffered from severed segmental defect of finger were treated. According to the defects of bone-joints, blood vessels, nerves, tendons and other soft tissues, the reconstruction surgery was designed to create a Flow-through bridging composite flap pedicled with the first dorsal metatarsal artery or the plantar artery. The blood vessles carried by the pedicle were anastomosed with the vessels in the finger to restore the blood supply to the distal finger while having the defected finger segment reconstructed. A Flow-through bridging composite flap was created by taking the second toe bone-joint composite tissue combined with a C-shaped or half-moon shaped flap from the fibular side of the great toe. Skin graft, retrograde lateral tarsal flap or free perforator flaps were used in 3 cases to repair the donor sites of the great and second toes. Iliac strip was implanted in 2 cases for toe salvage. Kirschner wires were removed 4-6 weeks after surgery followed by functional exercise.Results:All of the 5 reconstructed distal segments of the fingers survived with the healing of fractures in 8-12 week after surgery. The postoperative follow-up lasted 6-36 months and all the patients had the follow-ups at the outpatient clinic. It was found that the maximum flexion of the reconstructed interphalangel joint was 60 degrees together with dorsiflezion. According to the evaluation standard of the reconstructed function for thumb and finger issued by the Hand Surgery Society of the Chinese Medical Association, 3 fingers were in excellent and 2 in good. No obviouse affect on walking was found in all the patients.Conclusion:The free second toe joint composite tissue together with the great toe flap can be used to bridge the single segmental defect of a finger. It restores the blood supply to as well as the appearance of the distal finger, helps the recovery of the reconstructed distal finger. It is an ideal technique in the treatment of a severed distal segment of the finger.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the nutrient vessel of medial and lateral sural subcutaneous nerve chimeric tissue flap based on posterior perforating branch of peroneal artery to repair the composite tissue defect in the Achilles tendon area.Methods:From January 2016 to June 2021, 12 patients suffering from infectious wound with defect of Achilles tendon were treated in the Department of Trauma and Microscopic Orthopaedics, 988th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA. The area of soft tissue defect around Achilles tendon was 2.5 cm× 4.5 cm-8.0 cm×12.5 cm, and the length of the defect of Achilles tendon was 3.0-7.0 cm. The defect around the Achilles tendon were repaired with the nutrient vessel of medial and lateral sural subcutaneous nerve chimeric Achilles tendon flap (ATF) and the posterior perforating branch of peroneal artery was used as the vessel of blood supply. The size of flap was 3.0 cm×5.0 cm-9.0 cm×13.0 cm, and the size of the ATF was 3.0 cm×4.0 cm-3.0 cm×8.0 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly (8 cases) or repaired with skin graft (4 cases). External fixation were put on for 6 weeks after surgery. Then the external fixation was removed and the functional exercise gradually started. Outpatient clinic follow-ups were carried out regularly. Thermann Achilles tendon function assessment system was used to evaluate the last follow-up.Results:The chimeric ATF was harvested and the blood supply of each flap was good during the operation. There was no vascular crisis after surgery. The flaps survived smoothly and the wound achieved grade A healing. All patients were entered follow-up that lasted for 10-24 months. There was good appearance of flaps with minor bloating, and the colour of flaps was similar to the skin around the receiving site. The texture was soft with normal function of the lower legs and ankle. Tendon function was evaluated by Thermann Achilles tendon function assessment system, the result were 8 cases in excellent and 4 cases in good.Conclusion:The nutrient vessel of medial and lateral sural subcutaneous nerve chimeric tissue flap based on posterior perforating branch of peroneal artery can accurately repair a composite tissue defect in the Achilles tendon area, and it is one of the effective methods for the repair of a composite soft tissue wound with Achilles tendon defect.

Objective:To investigate the surgical method and clinical effect of free medial plantar flap (MPF) combined with anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) in repair of large soft tissue defect in the weight bearing area of sole.Methods:From April, 2017 to August, 2019, 8 patients with large soft tissue defects in plantar weight bearing area were repaired by free MPF combined with ALTF. Four patients had the defects located in the hindfoot and the surrounding area, 3 in the forefoot and 1 in the whole foot. A tandem flap made of free MPF combined with ALTF was used to repair the heel in 5 patients and repair the plantar forefoot in 3 patients. The size of defects ranged from 15.0 cm×10.0 cm to 26.0 cm×22.0 cm. The size of the MPF ranged from 6.0 cm×5.0 cm to 8.0 cm×6.5 cm. The donor sites repaired with full thickness skin graft. The size of ALTF ranged from 15.0 cm×7.0 cm to 27.0 cm×11.0 cm. Two donor sites were sutured directly, and the other 6 were repaired by full-thickness abdominal skin graft. The patients entered follow-up at outpatient clinic and via WeChat for 9 to 18 months.Results:All the 8 tandem flaps and the donor grafts survived. Only 1 ALTF had a distal necrosis and healed after change of dressing. All the flaps had good elasticity and good texture. All the recipient area of MPF achieved sensation recovery of pain and touch. But the ALTF only partially recovered tactile sensation. The weight-bearing and walking function were good. At the last follow-up, all patients were evaluated by Maryland foot score, of which 4 patients were excellent, 3 were good, and 1 was fair.Conclusion:The free MPF combined with ALTF is one of the ideal methods for the repair of plantar soft tissue defect in the weight bearing area of sole. It can better restore the foot weight-bearing and walking function with good clinical effect.

Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme in plant nitrogen assimilation. To study the structure of wheat glutamine synthetase isoenzymes, GS1, GSr, GSe, GS2 and GS2p of wheat were cloned into pET-21a, and the expression condition was optimized. Although wheat glutamine synthetase isoenzymes had 70%-80% amino acid sequence homology, the isoforms expressed with different characteristics. Induced at 30 °C, the most expression level of GSr, GSe and GS2 was after 3 h, and of GS1 was at the 7 h whereas no GS2p was expressed, and the GS isoenzymes showed different expression level, with the order of GS1 (22%)>GSr (15%)>GS2 (12%)>GSe (5%). GSe expressed as soluble protein, and GS1 expressed mainly as soluble protein whereas GSr and GS2 expressed as insoluble proteins. Induced at 30 °C for 3 h, mRNA transcript levels of GS isoforms were different, with the order of GSr (7.59)>GS2 (1.84)>GS2p (1.66)>GSe (1.46)>GS1 (1.00). The levels of mRNA transcription were not consistent with the level of the protein translation. The analysis of mRNA secondary structure showed the free energy of translation initiation region of glutamine synthetase isoforms was different, with the order of GS1 (14.4)GSr (13%)>GS2 (10%)>GSe (7%), and different activities with GS1>GSe>GS2, and the activity of GSr was not detected. The gene sequence of glutamine synthetase isoenzymes determines the amount, status and activity of proteins expressed in prokaryotic cells.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and pathogen distribution of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among preterm infants admitted to level Ⅲ neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in China. Method: A prospective study was conducted in 25 level Ⅲ NICU, enrolling all preterm infants <34 weeks gestational age admitted to the participating NICU within the first 7 days of life from May 2015 to April 2016. Chi-square test, t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Result: A total of 7 918 patients were enrolled, within whom 4 623(58.4%) were males. The birth weight was (1 639±415) g and the gestational age was (31.4±2.0) weeks; 4 654(58.8%) infants required non-invasive mechanical ventilation and 2 154(27.2%) required intubation. Of all the mechanically ventilated patients, VAP occurred in 95 patients. The overall VAP rate was 7.0 episodes per 1 000 ventilator days, varying from 0 to 34.4 episodes per 1 000 ventilator days in different centers. The incidence of VAP was 9.6 and 6.0 per 1 000 ventilator days in children′s hospitals and maternity-infant hospitals respectively, without significant differences (t=1.002, P=0.327). Gram-negative bacilli (76 strains, 91.6%) were the primary VAP microorganisms, mainly Acinetobacter baumannii (24 strains, 28.9%), Klebsiella pneumonia (23 strains, 27.7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10 strains, 12.0%). Conclusion The incidence of VAP in China is similar to that in developed counties, with substantial variability in different NICU settings. More efforts are needed to monitor and evaluate the preventable factors associated with VAP and conduct interventions that could effectively reduce the occurrence of VAP.

Objective To analysis of the detection result of amniotic fluid chromosome which in NIPT high-risk pregnant women.Methods Amniotic fluid cells via amniotic cavity puncture were cultured and analyzed,the chromosome karyotypes were observed.Results The highest positive predictive value of NIPT was for trisomy 21(85.00%),then trisomy 18(75.00%),sex chromosome abnormalities(68.00%),other chromosome abnormalities(41.67%),trisomy 13 (25.00%).Conclusion The highest accuracy of NIPT was shown in detection of Down''s syndrome by NIPT.NIPT was screening test which is effective and noninvasive in prenatal diagnosis.Amniotic fluid Chromosomal karyotype analysis was the gold standard in the diagnosis of fetal chromosomal disease.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of virtual touch imaging quantification (VTIQ) technique in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods From September to December 2015, the imaging data of 115 breast lesions in 100 patients confirmed by pathology on conventional ultrasound (2DUS) and VTIQ were retrospectively analyzed. The breast nodules were examined by 2DUS firstly and then the lesions were classified by breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). The maximum, minimum and average of shear wave velocity (SWV) values were obtained from multiple SWV measurement under the VTIQ speed mode. According to the pathology results, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were plotted to determine the most accurate SWV value and the cut-off value for differential diagnosis. And the diagnosis efficiency was compared between 2DUS and VTIQ.Results There were 38 malignant nodules and 77 benign nodules in 115 breast nodules. BI-RADS grading≥4b level was set as the malignant nodules and grading≤ 4a level as the benign nodules. The SWVmax, SWVmin, and SWVmean on VTIQ of benign and malignant breast nodules were (5.11±1.61) m/s, (2.90±0.86) m/s, (3.73±1.02) m/s, and (7.22±0.94) m/s, (4.33±1.31) m/s, (5.73±1.11) m/s. There were significant differences between malignant and benign breast nodules in SWVmax, SWVmin, and SWVmean on VTIQ (t=-7.442,-7.047,-9.356, allP<0.001). Based on the area under curve of ROC, the SWVmean value in the nodule was the best value in comparison with other SWV values. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of diagnose malignant lesion conducted by 2DUS were 89.5％, 85.7％, 87.0％, 0.63 and 0.84, respectively. The cut-off value of VTIQ mean was 4.34 m/s. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of malignant lesion conducted by VTIQ were 89.5％, 85.7％, 87.0％, 0.76 and 0.95, respectively. The diagnosis efficiency of VTIQ was better than 2DUS.Conclusion The study proved that the VTIQ SWVmean is the best parameter for differential diagnosis and VTIQ plays an important role in differential diagnosis of breast nodules.

Objective Fluctuation of glucose levels is more likely to cause oxidative stress which contributes to the development of insulin resistance through activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).Such antio xidants as vitamin C or vitamin E do not appear very helpful.Radix Astragali (RA) is an herbal medicine with antioxidative ability.The study was to explore whether RA would lower the risk of insulin resistance in diabetic rats.Methods Diabetic rats received RA,insulin or both RA and insulin after diabetes were induced in male Wistar rats.Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα),advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) levels in kidney,the expression of insulin receptor (IR),insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1),p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),p-p38 MAPK,p-JNK,p-IRS-1 Ser307,and p-IRS-1 Tyr612 in skeletal muscles were determined.Results Compared to diabetic rats treated with insulin,the diabetic rats treated with both insulin and RA demonstrated significantly lower levels of IL-6,TNF-α and AGEs (P ＜ 0.05),significantly lower activation of p-p38 MAPK and JNK (P ＜0.05),significantly higher expressions of IRS-1 (P ＜0.05),p-IRS-1 Tyr612,and significantly lower expression of p-IRS-1 Ser307 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions RA can lower the risk of insulin resistance through fighting oxidative stress in diabetic rats.