Objective To evaluate the safety of the 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (tetanus toxoid/diphtheria toxoid) (PCV13-TT/DT) among age-eligible children in Tianjin through a combination of active and passive surveillance methods. Methods From July 15, 2023, to August 31, 2024, active surveillance for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was conducted among recipients of PCV13-TT/DT at 18 selected vaccination clinics in Tianjin. Recipients were monitored through on-site observation or telephone follow-up within 30 minutes after vaccination and on days 1, 3, 7, and 28. Passive surveillance for AEFI was conducted among recipients of PCV13-TT/DT at other vaccination clinics across the city. The incidence of AEFI was analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 24 916 recipients of PCV13-TT/DT were observed, with 440 AEFI cases reported, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 176.59 per 10 000. The incidence rate of AEFI in active surveillance was 813.79 per 10 000, significantly higher than that in passive surveillance (20.49 per 10 000; P< 0.001). The incidence rates of general reactions, abnormal reactions, and coincidental cases in active surveillance were 744.44 per 10 000, 8.16 per 10 000, and 61.19 per 10 000, respectively, all of which were higher than those in passive surveillance (18.49 per 10 000, 0.50 per 10 000, and 1.50 per 10 000), with P values < 0.05. General reactions were mainly characterized by fever, local redness, and local induration. Abnormal reactions included angioedema and allergic rash. Coincidental cases were mainly infections. No severe adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion The large-scale vaccination of PCV13-TT/DT after its launch has good safety, and continuous strengthening of vaccine safety monitoring is needed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Shangxia Liangji pills improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease （AD） mice based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway， aiming to provide experimental evidence for its clinical use in AD treatment. MethodsFifty APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group， Shangxia Liangji pills low-dose group， medium-dose group， high-dose group， and donepezil hydrochloride group， with 10 mice in each group. Additionally， 10 C57BL/6 mice of the same genetic background were assigned to the normal group. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Hippocampal pathological changes were observed using transmission electron microscopy and Nissl staining. Neuroinflammation in hippocampal tissue was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt pathway-related proteins， postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD95）， and amyloid precursor protein （APP） in hippocampal tissue were measured by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited significantly increased total swimming distance and escape latency， significantly reduced number of platform crossings （P<0.01）， and a decreased recognition index （P<0.01）. Marked neuronal apoptosis was observed in the hippocampal region， with a marked reduction in the number of neurons in the CA3 region （P<0.01）. Levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in hippocampal tissue were significantly elevated （P<0.01）. APP expression in hippocampal tissue was markedly upregulated （P<0.01）， while PSD95， p-PI3K/PI3K， and p-Akt/Akt protein expression were significantly downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Shangxia Liangji pills high-dose group showed significantly reduced total swimming distance and escape latency， significantly increased number of platform crossings （P<0.01）， and an elevated recognition index （P<0.01）. Hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was alleviated， with a significant increase in the number of neurons in the CA3 region （P<0.01）. Levels of IL-6， IL-1β， and TNF-α were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. APP expression was downregulated （P<0.05）， while PSD95， p-PI3K/PI3K， and p-Akt/Akt protein expression were significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. ConclusionShangxia Liangji pills may improve cognitive function in AD mice by modulating the PI3K/Akt pathway， thereby reducing neuroinflammation and alleviating neuronal and synaptic injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder （GLS） on a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma and to explore its underlying mechanism. MethodsFifty 2-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group， a model group and low， medium and high-dose GLS groups（0.25， 0.5， 1.0 g/kg ）， with 10 mice in each group. A DEN/CCL₄ mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model was established， and GLS was administered by gavage starting from the 8th week， once a day for 14 weeks. At the end of the final administration， the number of liver nodules was observed ， and the serum alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The content of catalase （CAT） in serum and liver tissue was determined by ammonium molybdate method. The content of reduced glutathione （GSH） in serum and liver tissue was measured by microplate assay. The content of glutathione peroxidase （GSH-PX） in serum and liver tissue was detected by colorimetric method. Immunohistochemistry （IHC-P） was employed to detect the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）. R eal-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to detect the relative expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 （Keap1）， NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （Nqo1）， heme oxygenase-1 （Ho-1） and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit （Gclc） mRNA. ResultsCompared with the control group， the content of serum AFP were significantly higher in the model group （P<0.01）， while the contents of CAT， GSH and GSH-PX in liver and serum were significantly lower in the model group （P<0.01）. The relative expression of Keap1 and Nqo1 mRNA was significantly higher （P<0.01）， the relative expression of Nrf2， Ho-1， Gclc mRNA relative expression was significantly lower （P<0.01）， and the positive expression rate of PCNA was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the total number of liver nodules and content of serum AFP in the administered group were significantly lower （P<0.01）， and the contents of CAT， GSH， and GSH-PX in the liver and serum of mice significantly increased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）. The expression of Keap1 and Nqo1 mRNA significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The expression of Nrf2， Ho-1 and Gclc mRNA significantly increased （P<0.05）， and positive expression rate of PCNA significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionGLS has a significant protective effect on DEN/CCL4 -induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model， and the mechanism of action is related to the regulation of oxidative stress in mouse liver.

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are a class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials formed by the self-assembly of metal ions or metal clusters with organic ligands through coordination,and possess high specific surface area,tunable pore size and diverse structures.In recent years,MOFs and their composites have shown great application potential in the field of drug detection,especially in selective recognition,enhancing detection sensitivity and on-site rapid detection.This paper summarized the structural characteristics,synthesis methods and detection principles of MOFs and their composites,and reviewed the latest research progresses in detection of various drugs such as opioids,amphetamines,cannabinoids,cathinones,cocaine,ketamine,fentanyls and psychotropic drugs.The advantages and challenges of MOFs materials in the pretreatment of complex biological samples,sensor construction and on-site rapid detection were discussed,and the prospects for future development were analyzed,with the aim of providing theoretical support and technical references for promoting the applications of MOFs in anti-drug practice.

Allergic rhinitis （AR） is one of the most common chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases in children. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） employs a comprehensive therapeutic system integrating treatment by stages and syndrome differentiation and treatment， demonstrating significant advantages in the management of pediatric AR. This article systematically reviews the clinical treatment methods and underlying mechanisms of TCM for pediatric AR in recent years. It is found that internal therapies （such as herbal formulas or Chinese patent medicines like Xiaoqinglong decoction， Yiqi tuomin decoction）， external therapies （including intradermal needles， acupoint application， tuina， and herbal nasal therapy）， as well as combined internal and external approaches （oral herbs combined with acupoint application）， have demonstrated significant effects in alleviating clinical symptoms， improving immune indicators， and reducing recurrence rates in children with AR. The underlying mechanisms are primarily associated with the regulation of signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase， thereby modulating immune balance， suppressing inflammatory responses， inhibiting pyroptosis， reducing mucus secretion， and promoting nasal mucosal repair.

OBJECTIVES: Pelvic floor dysfunction is common among pregnant and postpartum women and significantly impacts quality of life. This study aims to translate the German Pelvic Floor Questionnaire for Pregnant and Postpartum Women into Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the Chinese population. METHODS: The questionnaire was translated using the Brislin model. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant and postpartum women to assess the content validity, construct validity, Cronbach's α coefficient, test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability of the Chinese version. RESULTS: A total of 72 women were included, with 6.9% being pregnant and 93.1% postpartum; the age was (32.3±3.6) years. The Chinese version of the questionnaire contains 4 dimensions and 45 items. The content validity index of individual items ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, with a scale-level content validity index of 0.977 and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) exceeding 0.90. The overall Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.891, with subscale coefficients ranging from 0.732 to 0.884 (all ICCs>0.70). The test-retest reliability of the total scale was 0.833, and for the 4 dimensions, bladder, bowel, prolapse, and sexual function, the values were 0.776, 0.579, 0.732, and 0.645, respectively. The split-half reliability was 0.74. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and validity, indicating its applicability in assessing pelvic floor dysfunction and associated risk factors during pregnancy and postpartum.
Humans ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Postpartum Period ; Psychometrics ; Pelvic Floor Disorders/diagnosis* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Quality of Life ; Pelvic Floor/physiopathology* ; Reproducibility of Results ; China ; Translations ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition among women that severely impairs quality of life. Pelvic floor proprioceptive training (PFPT) has attracted increasing attention for its potential to enhance pelvic floor muscle function and alleviate SUI symptoms. This study aims to observe and compare the clinical efficacy of PFPT combined with electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation, and biofeedback therapy versus conventional therapy consisting of electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation, and biofeedback alone in women with SUI, and to explore the role of PFPT in improving symptom and functional outcomes. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 72 women with mild to moderate SUI were recruited from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, between December 2021 and October 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=36) or a control group (n=36). Both groups received health education. The control group underwent electroacupuncture combined with electrical stimulation and biofeedback therapy, while the experimental group additionally received PFPT 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Secondary outcomes included pelvic floor muscle strength, bladder neck mobility, and balance ability. The ICIQ-SF was reassessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. RESULTS: Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all parameters after treatment (all P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences between groups in most measures (all P>0.05). The experimental group demonstrated longer single-leg stance duration with eyes closed than the control group (left leg: P=0.026; right leg: P=0.006), with a significant increase from baseline (P<0.001). At 6 months post-treatment, the cure rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS Conventional therapy effectively improves SUI symptoms, but adding PFPT provides notable additional benefits, including enhanced balance ability and sustained mid-term cure rates. These findings suggest that PFPT is a valuable adjunct to standard SUI management strategies.
Humans ; Female ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress/physiopathology* ; Pelvic Floor/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Adult ; Exercise Therapy/methods* ; Proprioception ; Electroacupuncture/methods* ; Quality of Life ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods* ; Treatment Outcome ; Combined Modality Therapy

Objective:To explore the relationship between the morphology of the carotid siphon, its related risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion in patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (aCSVD), and provide imaging evidence for the etiology of aCSVD.Methods:A total of 130 aCSVD patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the First People′s Hospital of Hefei from March 2022 to June 2024, all of whom underwent multimodal imaging assessments, were enrolled. The baseline data were collected, and the morphology of the carotid siphon was visually evaluated using post-processing of head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA), which was categorized into U-type ( n=63), C-type ( n=32), and V-type ( n=35). Calcification degree was semi-quantitatively assessed based on transverse CTA images. Cerebral perfusion was measured using magnetic resonance arterial spin labeling. The relationship between different siphon segment morphologies, calcification degrees, their risk factors, and cerebral blood flow perfusion was analyzed using analysis of variance and multinomial Logistic regression. Results:Univariate analysis of the 3 siphon types showed significant differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [U-type (2.44±0.84) mmol/L,V-type (2.21±0.57) mmol/L, C-type (2.89±1.07) mmol/L, F=5.578, P=0.005], calcification degree [Among the 63 cases in the U-type group, 19 cases (30.15%) had mild calcification, 20 cases (31.75%) had moderate calcification, and 24 cases (38.10%) had severe calcification; among the 35 cases in the V-type group, 20 cases (57.14%) had mild calcification, 10 cases (28.57%) had moderate calcification, and 5 cases (14.29%) had severe calcification; among the 32 cases in the C-type group, 12 cases (37.50%) had mild calcification, 14 cases (43.75%) had moderate calcification, and 6 cases (18.75%) had severe calcification; χ2=13.092, P=0.011], and total aCSVD load [modified aCSVD load score: U-type 4.00(1.00, 4.00),V-type 3.00(1.00, 4.00),C-type 2.00(2.00, 4.00), H=9.997, P=0.007]. Multivariate Logistic regression revealed that patients with U-shaped siphons had a significantly higher overall aCSVD load than those with C-shaped siphons, with a regression coefficient of 0.728, and a statistically significant difference ( OR=2.070 ,95% CI 1.026-4.178, P=0.042). Additionally, total brain and white matter cerebral blood flow were decreased in patients with U-type siphons compared to those with C-type and V-type, primarily involving bilateral superior frontal gyri, left orbital frontal gyrus, and left straight gyrus regions (false discovery rate correction, P<0.05). Conclusions:The imaging manifestations of aCSVD are closely related to the shape of the internal carotid artery siphon.The U type siphon is more likely to lead to hemodynamic changes, resulting in decreased global and regional cerebral blood flow, and demonstrating a higher overall burden of aCSVD, which has certain clinical reference value for assessing the etiology of aCSVD.

Raynaud syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysmal vasospasms of the acral small arteries,and its pathogenesis is closely associated with the dynamic imbalance of yin and yang as elucidated by the theory of"yang transforming qi and yin shaping up body."The theory of"yang transforming qi and yin shaping up body"originated in Huangdi Neijing,which is aimed at that yang can be tangible essence,blood,fluid,and other substances belonging to the yin into an invisible qi,promote the internal and external zang-fu organs and qi of the body's operation;yin qi is transformed into tangible substances under the gasification effect of yang qi to nourish the organism,to consolidate the essence of internal zang-fu organs,and to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the body.This study innovatively employs this theory to systematically elucidate the dynamic pathomechanism evolution of Raynaud syndrome:at the beginning of the disease,the ischemic stage is dominated by the deficiency of yang qi and the inability of qi to transform yin;then the disease enters into the hypoxic stage and the dilatation stage,which are mostly caused by the lack of yang depression,the blockage of qi,and the over-excessive formation of yin;and finally,the yang transforms qi too much and yin is damaged and weak,and then reaches the stage of complication.In Raynaud syndrome,the key mechanism and pathology of"yang transforming qi"and"yin shaping up body"as well as the stage of the disease should be clarified,so that yang qi can be used as the basis to make up for yang deficiency,yang depression can be stretched out,yin evils such as cold condensation,blood stasis and water dampness can be transformed,heat and toxin can be eliminated,yin fluids can be restored,and the extremities can be warmed up.The disease will be convalesced gradually.

Objective To investigate the correlation between changes in the inner retinal irregularity index(IRII)af-ter macular epiretinal membrane(ERM)stripping and visual function in patients with idiopathic macular epiretinal mem-brane(IMEM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 134 patients(162 eyes)with IMEM who visited our hospital from March 2022 to December 2024.Based on fundus color photography and OCT findings,the patients were divided into the cellophane macular reflex(CMR)group and the preretinal macular fibrosis(PMF)group.Differences in central macular thickness(CMT),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),inner retinal thickness(IRT),and IRII were analyzed between the two groups.The diagnostic efficacy of these indicators for IMEM at admission was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The differences in visual function indicators and IRII before and 3 months after ERM stripping were compared in IMEM patients.The correlation between IRII levels and visual function parameters at 3 months postoperatively was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.Results Among the 134 patients(162 eyes)with IMEM,93 patients(103 eyes)were in the CMR group and 41 patients(59 eyes)were in the PMF group.The CMT,IRT,and IRII were significantly lower in the CMR group than in the PMF group(all P＜0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)for CMT,IRT,and IRII were 0.616,0.609,and 0.862,respectively(all P＜0.05).Among the 134 patients(162 eyes)with IMEM,79 patients(86 eyes,53.86％)underwent surgical treatment,and 55 patients(76 eyes,46.91％)received non-surgical treatment.Three months after surgery,the CMT,IRT,and IRII in IMEM patients were sig-nificantly lower than those before surgery(all P＜0.05).At 3 months postoperatively,CMT and IRT were significantly pos-itively correlated with IRII in IMEM patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion CMT,IRT,and IRII all have good diagnostic ef-ficacy for IMEM staging.Moreover,IRII changes in IMEM patients who underwent macular ERM stripping are positively correlated with visual function.