Objective To analyze the correlation of preoperative collagen lectin-11(CL-11),urinary nitrite,and urinary heparin-binding protein(U-HBP)with postoperative urinary sepsis(US)in patients with kidney stones,and to explore their predictive value and warning significance for postoperative US.Methods A total of 190 patients with kidney stones who underwent minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from September 2021 to June 2023 were selected.According to whether they developed US within 7 days after surgery,they were divided into the US group(n=30)and the non-US group(n=160).Baseline data and preoperative levels CL-11,urinary nitrite and U-HBP were compared between the two groups.The correlation between preoperative CL-11,urinary nitrite,U-HBP and postoperative US was analyzed.The predictive efficacy of preoperative CL-11,urinary nitrite,and U-HBP for postoperative US was evaluated.Results The positive rates of CL-11,urinary nitrite,and U-HBP in the US group were(313.68±38.73)ng/mL,46.67%and(157.82±41.61)ng/mL,respectively,which were higher than those in the non-US group at(234.00±41.25)ng/mL,12.50%,and(128.59±36.38)ng/mL(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that preoperative CL-11,urinary nitrite,and U-HBP were influencing factors for the occurrence of US.The area under the curve(AUC)for predicting postoperative US was 0.797 for CL-11,0.624 for urinary nitrite,and 0.826 for U-HBP,while the combined AUC for predicting postoperative US was 0.923,with a sensitivity of 90.00%and specificity of 88.75%.Conclusion Patients with postoperative US following kidney stone surgery exhibited elevated levels of urinary nitrite,CL-11,and U-HBP,which were positively correlated with the occurrence of postoperative US.These markers have certain predictive value for postoperative US,and their combined detection offers superior predictive efficacy,potentially serving as warning biomarkers for postoperative US,thereby providing a reference for clinical prevention and control measures.

AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells primarily involved in im-munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen-tiation,maturation,and immune functions of Tregs through metabolic reprogramming.However,the impact of AMPKα1(the catalytic subunit of AMPK)knockout specifically in Tregs on the host's immune microenvironment remains largely un-explored.METHODS:Histological changes in immune organs were assessed using HE staining.The types of immune cells and their relative population percentages in immune organs and blood were quantified through flow cytometry in both AMPKα1flox/flox(AMPKα1fl/fl)mice and Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice(AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice).RESULTS:Compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice,the percentage of eosinophils in the bone marrow of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was significant-ly reduced.Additionally,while the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice exhibited normal structure,both its size and the ra-tio of thymus weight to body weight were significantly decreased.The knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs led to a notable reduc-tion in the total percentage of immature double-negative(DN)cells.Consequently,the percentage of CD4+T cells derived from these DN cells also decreased,even though the percentages of DN1 and DN4 cells were higher in the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Importantly,the proportion of Siglec-F+CD11b+eosinophils in the thymus was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.Knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood,alongside a decrease in the proportion of mature CD8+T cells.Similar-ly,the proportion of CD4+T cells in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was elevated compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.In contrast,the proportion of neutrophils significantly decreased,while mononuclear cell proportions increased in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.In lymph nodes,the medullary boundaries in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice were blurred,and the lymphoid follicles were missing,a feature not observed in AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Furthermore,the knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs reduced the CD3+T cell population,particularly the CD8+T cell population,in lymph nodes.Although the mature Treg cell population was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice,the percentage of CD4+T cells was markedly in-creased.In contrast,there was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte populations between AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre and AMPKα1fl/fl mice.CONCLUSION:The populations of mature Tregs,CD8+T cells and eosinophils in various im-mune organs were significantly altered in mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout,suggesting a potential remodeling of the host immune microenvironment in response to inflammatory stimuli.

AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4+T cells primarily involved in im-munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen-tiation,maturation,and immune functions of Tregs through metabolic reprogramming.However,the impact of AMPKα1(the catalytic subunit of AMPK)knockout specifically in Tregs on the host's immune microenvironment remains largely un-explored.METHODS:Histological changes in immune organs were assessed using HE staining.The types of immune cells and their relative population percentages in immune organs and blood were quantified through flow cytometry in both AMPKα1flox/flox(AMPKα1fl/fl)mice and Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice(AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice).RESULTS:Compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice,the percentage of eosinophils in the bone marrow of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was significant-ly reduced.Additionally,while the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice exhibited normal structure,both its size and the ra-tio of thymus weight to body weight were significantly decreased.The knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs led to a notable reduc-tion in the total percentage of immature double-negative(DN)cells.Consequently,the percentage of CD4+T cells derived from these DN cells also decreased,even though the percentages of DN1 and DN4 cells were higher in the thymus of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Importantly,the proportion of Siglec-F+CD11b+eosinophils in the thymus was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.Knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of CD4+T cells in peripheral blood,alongside a decrease in the proportion of mature CD8+T cells.Similar-ly,the proportion of CD4+T cells in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice was elevated compared to AMPKα1fl/fl mice.In contrast,the proportion of neutrophils significantly decreased,while mononuclear cell proportions increased in the spleen of AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice.In lymph nodes,the medullary boundaries in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice were blurred,and the lymphoid follicles were missing,a feature not observed in AMPKα1fl/fl mice.Furthermore,the knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs reduced the CD3+T cell population,particularly the CD8+T cell population,in lymph nodes.Although the mature Treg cell population was significantly lower in AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre mice,the percentage of CD4+T cells was markedly in-creased.In contrast,there was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte populations between AMPKα1fl/flFoxp3cre and AMPKα1fl/fl mice.CONCLUSION:The populations of mature Tregs,CD8+T cells and eosinophils in various im-mune organs were significantly altered in mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout,suggesting a potential remodeling of the host immune microenvironment in response to inflammatory stimuli.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical application of ultrasound guided percutaneous right internal jugular vein catheterization in hemodialysis,and to analyze the methods,precautions and prevention of complications of puncture.MethodsTotally 297 patients of chronic renal insufficiency with uremia underwent ultrasound guided percutaneous right internal jugular vein catheterization according to technical points of increasing the success rate of puncture.ResultsThe total successful rate of puncture was 100％.The first puncture succeeded in 244 patients (244/297,82.15 ％),the second in 30 (30/297,10.10％) and the third in 23 (23/297,7.74％) patients.The complication rate was 15.15％ (45/297).Poor adherence of catheter led to cited blood difficultly and inadequate flow in 31 patients.ConclusionUltrasound guidance can greatly improve the success rate of puncture in percutaneous right internal jugular vein catheterization,while reduce the incidence of complications.

HLA-A * 0201, HLA-A * 1101, and HLA-A * 2401 CTL restricted epitopes of platelet membrane glycoprotein II b/III a antibody of human and mice were predicted by use of SYFPEITHI, RANKPEP, BIMAS, SVMHC, PREDEP, MHCPRED, and PROPRED predictive programs. In the results, the peptides (found in HLAPRED) that can lead to autoimmune disease and have been published were removed; and the epitopes of HLA-A * 0201 must cover the epitopes of HLA-A * 1101 and HLA-A * 2401 being combined to predTAP and TAPPred for predicting the binding affinity of peptides toward the TAP transporter and NetChop, MAPPP, PAProc for predicting cleavages; HLA-DR Th restricted epitopes of GPII b/III a antibody were predicted by SYFPEITHI, RANKPEP, MHCPRED, and HLAPRED, after removal of the peptides (found in HLAPRED) that can lead to autoimmune disease and have been published, the Th epitopes must cover the CTL mixed epitopes as being stated above. The secondary structure, hydrophobic regions, flexibility, surface probability and the B cell epitope were predicted by using various methods. Ten mixed peptides of T cell epitopes were selected from more than 1 740 peptides. They were located at the aa9-115, aa24-38, aa50-64, aa65-81, aa109-121 of anti-GP II b/III a-Human and the aal-15, aa26-40, aa46-60, aa68-82, aa93-107 of anti-GP II b/III a-Mice. B cell epitopes of anti-GP II b/III a-Human might locate at aa5-9, aa22-30, aa40-46, aa55-71, aa80-90, aa100-105, aa110-115; and the epitopes of anti-GP II b/III a-Human might locate at aa5-10, aa38-43, aa58-70, aa77-84, and aa99-105.
Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ; immunology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; immunology ; Vaccines ; immunology