Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor globally,particularly in East Asia (including China,Japan,and South Korea),where it exhibits high incidence and mortality rates. In China,gastric cancer ranks third among all cancers in terms of mortality,posing a severe threat to public health. The gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines published by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) are essential tools guiding clinical practice. These guidelines encompass various aspects,including diagnosis,surgery,perioperative treatment,and postoperative follow-up,and are updated annually based on the latest clinical data. They provide evidence-based recommendations to guide diagnosis and treatment,offering standardized therapeutic advice to help physicians make better decisions in complex cases. Both guidelines share consistent views on the recommendation of treatment drugs for advanced gastric cancer,the importance of molecular biomarker testing,and the application of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. However,they differ in recommendations regarding perioperative treatment strategies,neoadjuvant treatment or regimens,postoperative adjuvant therapy,the extent of lymph node dissection during surgery,and gastrointestinal reconstruction. The CSCO guidelines emphasize comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to China's specific conditions,include more detailed annotations,and have updated some novel antibody drugs. In contrast,the NCCN guidelines rely more on international data,offer more unified treatment recommendations,and provide a wider range of therapeutic drug options along with more detailed nutritional monitoring and management. Overall,both guidelines play significant roles in promoting the standardization and personalization of gastric cancer treatment,offering valuable guidance for clinicians. Early diagnosis and resistance-related issues highlighted in the guidelines still require further solutions. Future research on gastric cancer will continue to focus on advancing immunotherapy and targeted therapy to improve patients' survival rates and quality of life. By comparing the two guidelines,medical practitioners can provide more standardized and personalized optimal treatment plans for gastric cancer patients. They are encouraged to actively engage in relevant clinical trials to explore new drugs and treatment methods,so as to enhance treatment efficacy and patient survival rates.

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor globally,particularly in East Asia (including China,Japan,and South Korea),where it exhibits high incidence and mortality rates. In China,gastric cancer ranks third among all cancers in terms of mortality,posing a severe threat to public health. The gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines published by the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) are essential tools guiding clinical practice. These guidelines encompass various aspects,including diagnosis,surgery,perioperative treatment,and postoperative follow-up,and are updated annually based on the latest clinical data. They provide evidence-based recommendations to guide diagnosis and treatment,offering standardized therapeutic advice to help physicians make better decisions in complex cases. Both guidelines share consistent views on the recommendation of treatment drugs for advanced gastric cancer,the importance of molecular biomarker testing,and the application of immunotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. However,they differ in recommendations regarding perioperative treatment strategies,neoadjuvant treatment or regimens,postoperative adjuvant therapy,the extent of lymph node dissection during surgery,and gastrointestinal reconstruction. The CSCO guidelines emphasize comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to China's specific conditions,include more detailed annotations,and have updated some novel antibody drugs. In contrast,the NCCN guidelines rely more on international data,offer more unified treatment recommendations,and provide a wider range of therapeutic drug options along with more detailed nutritional monitoring and management. Overall,both guidelines play significant roles in promoting the standardization and personalization of gastric cancer treatment,offering valuable guidance for clinicians. Early diagnosis and resistance-related issues highlighted in the guidelines still require further solutions. Future research on gastric cancer will continue to focus on advancing immunotherapy and targeted therapy to improve patients' survival rates and quality of life. By comparing the two guidelines,medical practitioners can provide more standardized and personalized optimal treatment plans for gastric cancer patients. They are encouraged to actively engage in relevant clinical trials to explore new drugs and treatment methods,so as to enhance treatment efficacy and patient survival rates.

There are three types of bioanalytical methods for nucleic acid drugs,including ligand binding assay,quantitative polymerase chain reaction and liquid chromatography-based bioanalytical technologies. Although the first two assays have high sensitivity,they have poor selectivity and can not differentiate between intact and truncated metabolites. Liquid chromatography-based bioanalytical technologies which are less sensitive,offer high selectivity for the identification of intact and truncated metabolites. They have broad application prospects in both preclinical and clinical investigations of therapeutic nucleic acid drugs. This paper provides a critical review on the characteristics of these technologies and their application to analyze nucleic acid drugs,including high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV),high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence (HPLC-FL),liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS),liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry,microflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (microflow LC-MS/MS) and hybridization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Although these technologies have high sensitivity except for HPLC-UV,they still have some shortcomings,such as suitable probes need to be designed for HPLC-FL,standard substance for LC-MS/MS,and high cost for microflow LC-MS/MS. In addition,the development of some related strategies or technologies (e.g. non-specific adsorption strategy,sample pretreatment) which can improve the sensitivity,has hastened the development of liquid chromatography-based bioanalytical technologies for nucleic acid drugs.

Objective: To analyze the expression and clinical prognostic significance of nuclear Dbf2-related kinase 1 ( NDR1 ) in hepatocellular carcinoma ，and to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of NDR1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells． Methods: ENCORI database was used to analyze the correlation of NDR1 and c-Myc．Cycloheximide ( CHX) experiment analyzed the relationship between NDR1 and c-Myc protein stability．The expression levels of NDR1 in liver cancer tissues and normal tissues and its relationship with the survival rate of liver cancer patients were analyzed using the ENCORI database．MYC-NDR1 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed，transfected with hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells，and its expression was verified by protein immuno blotting (Western blot) ; cell proliferation and migration ability were detected by CCK-8 assay，cell clone formation assay and scratch assay，respectively．The correlation between NDR1 and c-Myc expression was analyzed using the ENCORI database，and the relationship between NDR1 and c-Myc protein was investigated using a protein synthesis inhibitor CHX dosing assay. Results: The results of the ENCORI database showed that the expression of NDR1 in liver cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues and the overall survival rate of patients with high NDR1 expression was lower than that of patients with low NDR1 expression，and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 001) ．The results of the CCK-8 assay showed that the MYC-NDR1 group grew faster than the empty vector group (P＜0. 001) ．The clone formation assay showed that the number of clones in the MYC-NDR1 group was higher than that in the empty vector group (P＜0. 001) ．The cell scratch assay showed that the mean migration distance in the MYC-NDR1 group was greater than that in the empty vector group (P＜0. 001) ．ENCORI database analysis showed that NDR1 correlated with c-Myc expression (R = 0. 184，P＜0. 001) ; CHX dosing assay showed that the reduction of c-Myc protein in the MYC-NDR1 group was lower than that in the empty vector group during the same time． Conclusion NDR1 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues，closely correlated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients ，and positively correlated with the expression of c-Myc gene. The study successfully constructes MYC-NDR1 eukaryotic expression vector ，and the expression product MYC- NDR1 can increase the stability of c-Myc protein and promote the proliferation and migration of human hepatocellu- lar carcinoma cells.

Objective:To observe the clinicopathological features of bronchiolar adenoma (BA) and mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma (MSGP). The relationship between them was also analyzed.Methods:Clinical data of eight patients with BA and four patients with MSGP diagnosed in China-Japan Friendship Hospital were collected from January 2018 to January 2020. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method) were used to compare their histopathological characteristics. The hotspots regions of cancer-associated driver genes in lung cancer, using real-time quantitative PCR, were detected in all the cases and the literatures were reviewed.Results:The clinical and imaging manifestations of BA and MSGP were analogous. Histologically they had a two-layer structure including bronchial or bronchiolar-type epithelium and a continuous layer of basal cells,similar to bronchial/bronchiole mucosae. P16 protein was highly expressed in 7/8 of BA and 1/4 of MSGP. Mutations of cancer-associated genes were detected in 4/8 of BA, but none in MSGP.Conclusions:BA and MSGP, derived from different parts of the respiratory tract in the lungs, are rare and benign. Their morphological features overlapped with each other, and some cases are accompanied by genetic changes. It is necessary to pay attention to the differential diagnosis between them and lung adenocarcinoma, especially during the intraoperative diagnosis; and be alert to the potentially malignant components in the tumor or combined cancers.