Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng between 2015 and 2020. Methods Clinical data of 8,578 medical check-ups at Physical Examination Center of ou hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the last 5 years was recorded, and Logistic regression was utilized to identify the risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results The overall prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng was 14.57% in 2015-2020. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in men than in women (16.99% vs 10.98%) and highest in the 40-59 age group (18.76%). No statistical difference was reported in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) between groups (P>0.05), while statistical difference was found in diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weekly exercise frequency, daily vegetable intake, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) between two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that BMI (OR=2.794, 95% CI: 1.745-4.550), waist circumference (OR=2.586, 95% CI: 1.585-4.299), diabetes (OR=0.644, 95% CI: 1.425-2.781), hypertension (OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.121-2.290), weekly exercise ≥6h (OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.519-0.709), daily vegetable intake ≥300g (OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.467-0.652), TG (OR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.122-1.996), TC (OR=1.562, 95% CI:1.143-2.135), LDL-C (OR=1.440, 95% CI: 1.139-2.048), HDL-C (OR=0.656 , 95% CI: 0.587-0.783) , ALT (OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.056-2.183), and UA (OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.009-1.887) were risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng City from 2015 to 2020 is 14.57%, the prevalence of males is higher than that of females, and the prevalence rate is the highest in the 40-59 age group. Moreover , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , BMI , waist circumference , weekly exercise , daily vegetable intake , serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and UA are all associated with the risk of the disease.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

L-proline (L-Pro) is the only imino acid among the 20 amino acids that constitute biological proteins, and its main hydroxylated product is trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (T-4-Hyp). Both of them have unique biological activities and play important roles in biomedicine, food and beauty industry. With the in-depth exploration of the functions of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp, the demand for them is gradually increasing. Traditional methods of biological extraction and chemical synthesis are unable to meet the demand of "green, environmental protection and high efficiency". In recent years, synthetic biology has developed rapidly. Through the intensive analysis of the synthetic pathways of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp, microbial cell factories were constructed for large-scale production, which opened a new chapter for the green and efficient production of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp. This paper reviews the application and production methods of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp, the metabolic pathways for microbial synthesis of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp, and the engineering strategies and advances on microbial production of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the "green bio-manufacturing" of L-Pro and T-4-Hyp and promote their industrial production.
Proline ; Hydroxyproline

Objective To investigate the effect of ear massage on blood pressure and sleep quality of hypertensive patients . Methods Two hundred and ninety-eight elderly hypertensive patients were nursed on the basis of conventional therapy. One hundred and forty-eight patients randomly selected were set as the experiment group, where they were given intervention of ear massage. Another one hundred and fifty patients were set as the control group and treated with conventional interventions. The two groups were compared in terms of blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure) after nursing interventions and the sleep quality (by Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI). Result After intervention, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure values in the experiment group were both significantly decreased than before intervention (P<0.05) and the quality of sleep was significantly lower than that before intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Ear massage can be effective in regulating blood pressure in elderly hypertensive patients and improving their quality of sleep.

Objective To observe the effects of recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) on platelet activation parameters in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) by intravenous thrombolysis in order to investigate the clinical thrombolytic efficacy of r-SAK therapy in AMI comparing with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator(rt-PA) therapy.Methods Thirty-three patients with AMI within 12 h after the onset were selected and divided randomly into the r-SAK therapy group(n=17) and rt-PA therapy group(n=16).Coronary artery angiography(CAG) was performed 90 min after thrombolytic therapy in patients.Thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT) and alpha granule membrane protein(GMP-140) were measured by similar commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results In r-SAK group and rt-PA group,the plasma contents of GMP-140 2 h after thrombolytic therapy were significantly higher than before therapy(P0.05).In rt-PA group,the plasma content of TAT 2 h after thrombolytic therapy increased significantly(P0.05).) Conclusion r-SAK has similar effect with rt-PA and it will become available for highly fibrin-selective thrombolytic therapy of AMI.Thrombolytic treatment with r-SAK can improve the injury of myocardial microperfusion.

Aim To illustrate the role of Tanshinone IIA(TanIIA)extracted from dan-shen root in atherosclerosis and its different targets by investigating the effect on the expression of NF-?B、I?B-? and the mRNA of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cell 304(ECV304).Mehods The TNF-?-induced cultured ECV-304 cell injury model was established to analyze the expression of NF-?B、I?B-? by cell ELISA method and the mRNA of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by RT-PCR method of the cells cultured with different denses of TanIIA.Results The results of ELISA method showed that the expression of the NF-?B was reduced significantly and the expression of the I?B-? was enhanced significantly in ECV304 which were cultured with higher denses of TanIIA.The results of RT-PCR method showed that the mRNA of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-? was significantly refrained.Conclusions TanIIA has a significant effect on inhibiting the mRNA of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by the NF-?B activation,so it can play an impotant role in resisting atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To study extraction method of anthraquinones components of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and optimize extraction technology.METHODS: Ultrasonic extraction,heating reflux extraction and soxhlet extraction were adopted to extract Radix et Rhizoma Rhei respectively.3 kinds of extraction technology were compared with the content of total anthraquinone,aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,physcione as index.The extraction technologies of UV and 5 kinds of anthraquinone compounds were optimized by uniform design method on the basis of previous study.RESULTS: Heating reflux extraction which was optimal extraction technology was as follows: extracting time of 90 min,extracting for 1 time,methanol concentrations of 95%,medicinal mesh of 2.000 7.Comprehensive score of anthraquinones could reach 6.556.CONCLUSION: The extraction technology is reasonable,available in quality control.

Objective Looking for the chemical components which have positive correlations with anti-inflammatiory activity of Flos Lonicerea to set up pharmacodynamic-fingerprint. Methods To gain the fingerprints of different parts by HPLC and to detect the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation, then the correlationship between chemical components and pharmacological activities were detected by linear regression. Results Pharmacological activities of the methanol extracted part were best of all, so the fingerprint of the methanol part could represent the pharmacodynamic-fingerprint of Flos Lonicerea. Conclusion The fingerprint established by this way is more scientific and reasonable.