Objective: To explore the association of outdoor activity time and sleep duration with screening myopia in primary school students, so as to provide strategies for myopia prevention. Methods: Through a convenience sampling method, a survey was conducted among 4 248 primary school students aged 7-13 years from three primary schools in Xihu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province from May to July, 2023. The average daily outdoor activity time and sleep duration on both weekdays and weekends were investigated in primary school students by using a self designed questionnaire. Uncorrected visual acuity tests and non cycloplegic autorefraction were measured by professional optometrists. Inter group comparisons were conducted using the Chi square test. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of outdoor activity time and sleep duration with screening myopia. Results: The detection rate of screening myopia in primary school students was 33.6%, with the rate in boys (32.0%) lower than that in girls (35.3%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=5.11, P =0.02). The analysis results of Logistic regression showed that after adjusting for factors such as gender, grade and parental education level, both average daily outdoor activity time ＜2 h on both weekdays and weekends ( OR =1.27, 95% CI =1.11-1.46) and sleep duration <10 h ( OR =1.17, 95% CI =1.01- 1.35 ), as well as their combined effect ( OR =1.57, 95% CI =1.25-1.98), were associated with an increased risk of screening myopia in primary school students(all P <0.05). Subgroup analysis results indicated that compared to boys ( OR =1.46, 95% CI = 1.07 -1.99), girls( OR =1.73, 95% CI =1.22-2.44) with insufficient outdoor activity time and sleep duration had a higher risk of screening myopia(both P <0.05). Conclusions There is a negative correlation of outdoor activity time and sleep duration with screening myopia in primary school students. Outdoor activity time and extending sleep duration should be increased to reduce the risk of myopia in primary school students.

Within the KABP model as a framework,the authors studied these behaviors at the following three levels,namely knowledge and learning,beliefs and attitude,and behavior.Such aspects as the education background and training,drug expertise,drug infonmation sources,personal experience and habits,attitudes,needs of physicians and patients',socio-demographic characteristics were discussed among others to probe into how physicians' personal behavior affects their prescription behavior.Recommendations raised include education and training,provision of correct drug information,greater publicity,better compensation mechanism of public hospitals,strengthened supervision,establishment of the system of prescription audit,etc.

Objective To investigate platelet α and β secretase activities and the amounts of platelet soluble fragment of APP (sAPPα) produced by α-secretase in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The neurological functions of 48 nondemented patients,42 MCI and 40 AD patients were evaluated by neuropsychological examinations.The platelet α and β secretase activities and sAPPα production in each group were measured by fluorescence and Western blotting analysis respectively.Results The α secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 10.6％,78.2％ ± 9.4％ and 61.8％ ± 7.2％ respectively.As compared with nondemented group,the α secretase activities in MCI and AD group were decreased (F =22.935,P =0.001).The α secretase activity in AD group was significantly lower than MCI group.The β secretase activities in non-demented,MCI and AD group were 100.0％ ± 11.2％,145.8％ ± 12.7％ and 189.8％ ± 14.2％respectively.The β secretase activities in MCI and AD group were significantly higher than that in nondemented group (F =16.368,P =0.001).The β secretase activity in AD group was significantly decreased as compared with MCI group.The sAPPα amounts in MCI group and AD group were all decreased as compared with that in control group; the sAPPo amount in AD patients was significantly decreased as compared with that in MCI group.Conclusions The platelet α secretase activity and its production sAPPα in MCI and AD patients are decreased,while β secretase activity is increased,as compared with that in control group; the altered α and β secretase activities may participate in the pathogenesis of MCI and AD patients and may have diagnostic potential for them.

The cluster sampling method was used and a retrospective survey on mortality trends of cerebrovascular diseases from 1989 to 2008 was conducted among residents from Erqi District in Zhengzhou city and Xigong District in Luoyang city. The average mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases in these two districts was 69. 5/100 000 in 1989 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for men was 118. 67/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 44. 23/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for women was 68.21/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 30. 2/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The declining trends of cerebrovascular disease mortality rates might be related to early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, and the extensive health education and prevention programs.