Cancer is a highly deadly disease, with breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer being the most prevalent in women. However, traditional cancer treatments present challenges due to their strong toxic side effects and adverse reactions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that natural products derived from various plants possess therapeutic and preventive properties against cancer. These phytochemicals have been extensively investigated as a potential alternative to conventional chemotherapy drugs, owing to their safety and efficacy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the chemoprevention and mechanisms of phytochemicals against the four major female cancers. The focus will be on how these phytochemicals regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis to impede cancer progression. Given their extensive clinical applications, phytochemicals hold great promise in the field of cancer treatment. It hopes that this review will inspire more researchers to explore the potential of these natural compounds in combating female cancers.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different acquisition duration of brain image of 18F-florbetaben(18F-FBB)positron emission tomography(PET)on standardized uptake value(SUV).Methods:Eight subjects who underwent 18F-FBB PET examination in Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2021 to June 2021 were selected,including 5 persons of healthy control and 3 patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).All subjects underwent 18F-FBB PET imaging,and the dynamic PET images of them on brains were continuously acquired for 20 min between 90 and 110 min after the 18F-FBB injection was injected as(3.7-5.5 MBq/kg).Under the situation that other reconstruction parameters did not change,the images were reconstructed at 0-1,0-3,0-5,0-10,0-15 and 0-20 min,respectively.The same of region of interest(ROI)ranges were delineated in bilateral frontal cortex,bilateral temporal cortex,bilateral parietal cortex,posterior cingulate gyrus and cerebellar cortex of each group of images.And then,the corresponding mean standardized uptake value(SUVmean)of each region was obtained.The differences of SUVmean values of different ROI values between each group of data images and the images of 0-20 min were compared and analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in SUVmean between the acquired images in 0-1,0-3,0-5 and 0-10 min and the acquired standard images of 0-20 min(t=-7.569--2.410,P<0.05),respectively.There were no significant differences in SUVmean between the acquired images of 0-15 min and the acquired standard images of 0-20 min in the bilateral frontal lobe,bilateral temporal lobe,bilateral parietal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus(P>0.05),only there was significant difference in the cerebellar cortex area between them(t=-5.597,P<0.001).Conclusion:The results of 15 min can reach to the similar results of 20 min in acquiring images,which can shorten the time of examination,and enhance the degrees of comfort and cooperation of patients in examination.It has clinical application value.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) and the conventional care in the improvement of the prognosis and mental state of patients with chronic bone infection.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 219 patients with chronic bone infection who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University from January 2018 to February 2019, including 172 males and 47 females, aged 15-65 years [(42.1±3.8)years]. Infection sites were the tibia in 144 patients and the femur in 75 patients. According to the classification of Cierny-Mader bone infection, there were 44 patients with type I (intramedullary bone infection), 57 with type II (superficial bone infection), 79 with type III (local bone infection), and 39 with type IV (diffuse bone infection). The patients were divided into conventional care group (admitted from January to July 2018, n=106) and SFBT group (admitted from August 2018 to February 2019, n=113) according to their admission time. The conventional care group received the conventional care, while the SFBT group underwent SFBT on the basis of the conventional care, with an intervention period of 6 months. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for somatic, emotional, role and social function, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were compared between the two groups before surgery, at discharge and at 6 months after surgery. The rates of satisfaction with the nursing care and bone healing were collected at the last follow-up. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-36 months [(24.5±6.3)months]. The differences in HSS knee score, SF-36 for somatic, emotional, role, and social function scores, SAS score, and SDS score between the two groups were not statistically significant before surgery ( P>0.05). At discharge, the HSS knee score and SF-36 for somatic, emotional, role, and social function scores of the SFBT group were (68.6±6.9)points, (23.0±1.8)points, (23.2±1.6)points, (23.4±1.5)points, and (23.1±1.8)points respectively, which were all significantly higher than those of the conventional care group [(66.3±7.2)points, (19.7±3.3)points, (20.0±2.7)points, (19.8±3.2)points, and (20.5±2.7)points respectively] ( P<0.05); The SAS and SDS scores in the SFBT group were (40.9±6.2)points and (41.1±6.2)points respectively, which were both significantly lower than those in the conventional care group [(46.4±6.3)points and (47.3±6.4)points] ( P<0.05). At 6 months after surgery, the HSS knee score and SF-36 for somatic, emotional, role, and social function scores in the SFBT group were (81.6±6.7)points, (26.3±1.6)points, (27.9±1.4)points, (26.6±1.4)points, and (27.9±1.6)points respectively, which were all significantly higher than those in the conventional care group [(78.5±7.2)points, (17.4±2.9)points, (18.7±2.5)points, (18.3±3.0)points, and (20.0±2.5)points respectively] ( P<0.05 or 0.01); the SAS and SDS scores in the SFBT group were (32.8±4.8)points and (30.8±5.5)points respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the conventional care group [(44.2±5.5)points and (42.5±6.2)points] ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up in the conventional care group and the SFBT group, the rates of satisfaction with the nursing care were 66.0% (70/106) and 88.5% (100/113) respectively ( P<0.01), and the bone healing rates were 96.2% (102/106) and 94.7% (107/113) respectively ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the conventional care, SFBT for intervention to patients with chronic bone infection is a safe and effective mental nursing model which can improve the recovery of the function and the quality of the patients′ life, reduce their anxiety and depression, and enhance their satisfaction rate.

With the advancement of information technology, artificial intelligence has played an increasingly important role in the construction of knowledge systems and the improvement of surgical techniques for medical students and young doctors. This article investigates the current application of artificial intelligence in ophthalmic teaching by searching and organizing relevant literature from PubMed and Wanfang databases. The application of artificial intelligence enables ophthalmic students and young doctors to learn and communicate more efficiently, improving the quality of education and teaching. This article has positive significance in promoting the modernization of ophthalmic education and cultivating more excellent ophthalmologists.

Background/Aims: Roxadustat, an oral medication for treating renal anemia, is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor used for regulating iron metabolism and promoting erythropoiesis. To investigate the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness. Methods: Single-center, retrospective study, 81 PD patients (with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness) were divided into the roxadustat group (n = 61) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) group (n = 20). Hemoglobin (Hb), total cholesterol, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), related indicators of cardiac function and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were collected. Additionally, adverse events were also recorded. The follow-up period was 16 weeks. Results: The two groups exhibited similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. At baseline, the roxadustat group had a mean Hb level of 89.8 ± 18.9 g/L, while the ESAs group had a mean Hb level of 95.2 ± 16.0 g/L. By week 16, the Hb levels had increased to 118 ± 19.8 g/L (p < 0.05) in the roxadustat group and 101 ± 19.3 g/L (p > 0.05) in the ESAs group. The efficacy of roxadustat in improving anemia was not influenced by baseline levels of hs-CRP and iPTH. Cholesterol was decreased in the roxadustat group without statin use. An increase in left ventricular ejection fraction and stabilization of BNP were observed in the roxadustat group. Conclusions For PD patients with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness, roxadustat can significantly improve renal anemia. The efficacy of roxadustat in improving renal anemia was not affected by baseline levels of hs-CRP0 and iPTH.

As a ligand-dependent transcription factor,retinoid-associated orphan receptor γt(RORyt)that controls T helper(Th)17 cell differentiation and interleukin(IL)-17 expression plays a critical role in the pro-gression of several inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.An emerging novel approach to the therapy of these diseases thus involves controlling the transcriptional capacity of RORyt to decrease Th17 cell development and IL-17 production.Several RORyt inhibitors including both antagonists and inverse agonists have been discovered to regulate the transcriptional activity of RORyt by binding to orthosteric-or allosteric-binding sites in the ligand-binding domain.Some of small-molecule inhibitors have entered clinical evaluations.Therefore,in current review,the role of RORyt in Th17 regulation and Th17-related inflammatory and autoimmune diseases was highlighted.Notably,the recently developed RORyt inhibitors were summarized,with an emphasis on their optimization from lead compounds,ef-ficacy,toxicity,mechanisms of action,and clinical trials.The limitations of current development in this area were also discussed to facilitate future research.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of types of inflammatory bowel disease with high recurrence. Recent studies have highlighted that microbial dysbiosis as well as abnormal gut immunity are crucial factors that initiate a series of inflammatory responses in the UC. Modulating the gut microbiota-intestinal immunity loop has been suggested as one of key strategies for relieving UC. Many Chinese herbal medicines including some of single herb, herbal formulas and the derived constituents have been reported with protective effect against UC through modulating gut microbiome and intestinal immunity. Some clinical trials have shown promising results. This review thus focused on the current knowledge on using Chinese herbal medicines for treating UC from the mechanism aspects of regulating intestinal homeostasis involving microbiota and gut immunity. The existing clinical trials are also summarized.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression level of lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1(LEF1) and CTNNB1 and the cycle arrest, apoptosis and radiation resistance of esophageal cancer cells and unravel the related mechanisms.Methods:Recombinantplasmids and empty plasmids expressing LEF1 and CTNNB1were constructed and transfected into esophageal cancer cells. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the transfection efficiency of the plasmids. Clone formation assay, CCK8 assay, cell cycle test by flow cytometry, apoptosis test by flow cytometry and Western blot were performed to detect the differences in theradioresistance, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells before and after transfection.Results:The survival rate of clonal colony cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly better than those in other groups ( P<0.05). The proliferation of clonal colony cellsat 72 h, 96 h and 120 h in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly better than those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The percentage of G 2 phase arrest cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly higher than those in the other groups (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of esophageal cancer cells in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly lower compared with those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The expression levels of Bax and Caspase 3 proteins in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group were significantly lower than those in the pGEX+ pCMV6, pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6 and pCMV6-CTNNB1+ pGEX groups (all P<0.05). The expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the pGEX-LEF1+ pCMV6-CTNNB1 group was significantly higher compared with those in the other groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion:LEF1 and CTNNB1 can regulate the proliferation and G 2 phase arrest of esophageal cancer cells after radiation intervention by mediating the Wnt signaling pathway, and improve the radiation resistance of esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Recombinant collagen, as an alternative to natural collagen, has the potential to be widely used in biomaterials, biomedicine, etc. Diverse recombinant collagens and their variants can be industrially produced in a variety of expression systems, which lays a foundation for exploring and expanding the clinical application of recombinant collagens. We reviewed different expression systems for recombinant collagens, such as prokaryotic expression systems, yeast expression systems, as well as plant, insect, mammal, and human cell expression systems, and introduced the advantages, potential applications, and limitations of recombinant collagen. In particularly, we focused on the current progress in the recombinant collagen production, including recombinant expression system construction and hydroxylation strategies of recombinant collagen, and summarized the current biomedical applications of recombinant collagen.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Collagen/biosynthesis* ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis*

Objective:To evaluate radiofrequency ablation-assisted liver resection on early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI).Methods:A total of 82 HCC patients from Jun 2015 to Jun 2020 were divided into assisted group ( n=41) and control group ( n=41) after local hepatectomy.And by pathology,both groups were further substratified into with or without MVI subgroups. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the baseline data between two groups,nor there was difference in recurrence-free survival rate between the two groups ( χ 2=0.177, P=0.674). However, by subgroup analysis, the recurrence-free survival rate of ablation assisted group was higher than that of the simple local hepatectomy group among MVI positive patients ( χ 2=5.096, P = 0.024).Multivariate analysis showed that only tumor diameter ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.02-1.72, P=0.036) was an independent risk factor for local recurrence at the incisal margin, while mode of operation ( HR=0.15 ,95% CI: 0.04-0.52 ,P=0.003) and MVI ( HR=8.65 ,95% CI: 2.19-34.19 ,P=0.002) were independent risk factors for intrahepatic distant metastasis. Conclusion:Local hepatectomy assisted by intraoperative radiofrequency ablation on hepatic cross section could effectively reduce the postoperative early recurrence rate for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with MVI.