In hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD), the programmed cell death known as ferroptosis is significantly activated. Microglial cells demonstrate a high level of sensitivity to iron accumulation. Understanding how to regulate the dual role of microglia and transforming the microglial ferroptosis to a moderate and controllable process has considerable implications for the targeted treatment in HIBD. This paper serves as an overview of microglia-mediated ferroptosis in HIBD as a disease model. We discuss various aspects centered around microglia, including pathophysiological mechanisms, polarization and functions of microglia, molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis, signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies. The review aims to provide a reference for studies of ferroptosis in microglia.
Microglia/physiology* ; Ferroptosis/physiology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology* ; Signal Transduction

BACKGROUND: SMARCA2 (SWI/SNF Related, Matrix Associated, Actin Dependent Regulator of Chromatin, Subfamily A, Member 2) is an important ATPase catalytic subunit in the switch-sucrose nonfermenting (SWI/SNF) complex. However, its relationship with the pathological features of NSCLC and its prognosis remain unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2390 patients with surgically resected NSCLC, constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) and performed immunohistochemical assays. We analyzed the correlation of SAMRCA2 with clinicopathological features and evaluated its prognostic value. RESULTS: Among 2390 NSCLC cases, the negative expression ratios of SAMRCA2, SMARCA4, ARID1A, ARID1B and INI1 were 9.3%, 1.8%, 1.2%, 0.4% and 0%, respectively. In NSCLC, male sex, T3 and T4 stage, moderate and poor differentiation, tumor ≥ 2 cm, Ki67 ≥ 15%, SOX-2 negative expression, middle lobe lesion and adenocarcinoma were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. In lung adenocarcinomas, high-grade nuclei, histological morphology of acinar and papillary, solid and micropapillary and TTF-1-negative expression were relative risk factors affecting SMARCA2-negative expression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the OS was shorter in the SMARCA2-negative group. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that SMARCA2-negative expression was an independent factor correlated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, SMARCA2-negative expression is an independent predictor of a poor outcome of NSCLC and is a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcription Factors/genetics*

Humans ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Deep Learning ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Coronary Stenosis/diagnosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; Predictive Value of Tests

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Icaritin Ⅱ (ICAⅡ) on bladder in radiation cystitis model.Methods:A total of 18 10-week-old male SD rats were selected from July 2021 to March 2022 and divided into control group, model group and treatment group by random number table method, with 6 cases in each group. Model group and treatment group were given a single dose of 20 Gy X-ray irradiation in the pelvic area. 24 h after irradiation, the treatment group was given ICAⅡ 4.5 mg/(kg·d) gavage, while the control group and model group were given the same volume of solvent (10% anhydrous ethanol, 20% isopropyl alcohol, 30% polyethylene glycol and 40% deionized water) gavage for 4 consecutive weeks. Drug eluting for 1 week. The bladder volume and leakage point pressure of the three groups of rats were measured by multi-conducting physiological apparatus, and the bladder function was evaluated. HE staining, Masson staining, ELISA, TUNEL staining and western blotting were performed on the bladder samples of the three groups of rats. The pathological changes (thickness of bladder mucosa, ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fiber), oxidative stress level (superoxide dismutase SOD, malondialdehyde), apoptosis rate, protein levels of inflammatory factors (IL-6, NF-kB) and anti-oxidative stress signaling pathway factors (Nrf2, HO-1) of the three groups of rats were compared.Results:After 4 weeks of modeling, in the model group, the bladder volume [(1.01±0.12)ml vs. (1.58±0.21)ml, P=0.001], the bladder leakage point pressure [(38.79±4.12) cmH 2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa)vs.(60.59±3.81) cmH 2O, P=0.001], the ratio of smooth muscle of bladder wall to collagen fiber [1.78±0.17 vs.3.15±0.57, P=0.001], SOD[(6.31±0.73) U/mg vs.(14.67±1.04) U/mg, P=0.001] were lower than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the model group, the thickness of bladder mucosa [(47.33±1.78)μm vs.(20.83±2.33)μm, =, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(1.01±0.13) nmol/mg vs.(0.49±0.03) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.87±0.11 vs. 0.33±0.10, P=0.001), NF-kB (0.71±0.14 vs. 0.29±0.07, P=0.001), apoptosis rate [(11.60±3.04)% vs. (3.91±1.40)%, P=0.007] was higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. In the treatment group, the bladder volume [(1.27±0.13)ml, P=0.030], bladder leakage point pressure [(47.83±2.50)cmH 2O, P=0.004], smooth muscle to collagen fiber ratio (2.78±0.68, P=0.015), SOD[(10.48±0.85) U/mg, Compared with model group, bladder mucosa thickness [(31.94±3.20)μm, P=0.001], malondialdehyde [(0.64±0.09) nmol/mg, P=0.001], IL-6 (0.69±0.11, P=0.035), NF-kB (0.45±0.06, P=0.002) and apoptosis rate [(6.05±0.60)%, P=0.030] were lower than those in model group. The protein expression level of Nrf2 in model group (0.73±0.08 vs. 0.58±0.11, P=0.023) was higher than that in control group, but there was no significant difference in the protein expression level of downstream antioxidant factor HO-1 (0.50±0.14 vs. 0.35±0.06, P=0.060). Nrf2 protein expression level (0.88±0.03, P=0.027) and HO-1 expression level (0.68±0.07, P=0.026) in treatment group were higher than those in model group. Conclusion:ICAⅡ can reduce radiation cystitis injury, and its mechanism may be related to anti-oxidative stress and reducing inflammation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of six degree of freedom (6-DOF) bed combined with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the on-line correction of setup errors in patients with primary rectal cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 17 patients with primary rectal cancer in Department of Radiotherapy, Third Hospital of Peking University from July 2013 to January 2014 were collected. There were 14 males and 3 females, a median age of 65 years. The difference of CBCT and 6-DOF bed combined with CBCT online correction of patients with positioning error were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Before position correction, the first CBCT verification of setup errors in the three translation directions including X (left and right), Y (in and out) and Z (up and down) directions were (0.06±0.25) cm, (0.13±0.40) cm and (-0.28±0.31) cm, respectively. The setup errors of RX (rotation pitch), RY(rolling) and RZ (left and right rotation) directions were (0.62±1.15)°, (-0.19±0.99)°, and (-0.34 ± 0.84)°, respectively . After correction of IGRT combined with six freedom of bed, the setup errors of translation X, Y and Z were (0.01±0.09) cm, (-0.01±0.05) cm and (-0.03±0.08) cm, respectively, and the setup errors of rotation RX, RY and RZ directions were (-0.16±0.40)°, (0.36±0.31)°and (-0.01±0.25)°, respectively. There were significant differences in translation direction (X, Y and Z direction) and rotation direction (Rx, RY and RZ) before and after 6-DOF bed combined with CBCT correction (all P<0.05). In the translation direction, the higher frequency range of Z-direction error value was 0.20-0.79 cm. In the rotation direction, the frequency range of error in Rx direction was 0.20°-2.99°. There was no significant difference between bone mode and gray scale model registration ( P>0.05). With the progress of radiotherapy, the setup errors of X, Z, Rx, RY and RZ directions increased except Y direction. Conclusions:In radiotherapy, six freedom bed combined with CBCT is helpful to correct the setup errors of patients with primary rectal cancer. Six freedom bed may be used to correct the setup errors of patients with primary rectal cancer online. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is recommended for bone pattern registration in patients with rectal cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effect of six degree of freedom (6-DOF) bed combined with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the on-line correction of setup errors in patients with primary rectal cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 17 patients with primary rectal cancer in Department of Radiotherapy, Third Hospital of Peking University from July 2013 to January 2014 were collected. There were 14 males and 3 females, a median age of 65 years. The difference of CBCT and 6-DOF bed combined with CBCT online correction of patients with positioning error were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Before position correction, the first CBCT verification of setup errors in the three translation directions including X (left and right), Y (in and out) and Z (up and down) directions were (0.06±0.25) cm, (0.13±0.40) cm and (-0.28±0.31) cm, respectively. The setup errors of RX (rotation pitch), RY(rolling) and RZ (left and right rotation) directions were (0.62±1.15)°, (-0.19±0.99)°, and (-0.34 ± 0.84)°, respectively . After correction of IGRT combined with six freedom of bed, the setup errors of translation X, Y and Z were (0.01±0.09) cm, (-0.01±0.05) cm and (-0.03±0.08) cm, respectively, and the setup errors of rotation RX, RY and RZ directions were (-0.16±0.40)°, (0.36±0.31)°and (-0.01±0.25)°, respectively. There were significant differences in translation direction (X, Y and Z direction) and rotation direction (Rx, RY and RZ) before and after 6-DOF bed combined with CBCT correction (all P<0.05). In the translation direction, the higher frequency range of Z-direction error value was 0.20-0.79 cm. In the rotation direction, the frequency range of error in Rx direction was 0.20°-2.99°. There was no significant difference between bone mode and gray scale model registration ( P>0.05). With the progress of radiotherapy, the setup errors of X, Z, Rx, RY and RZ directions increased except Y direction. Conclusions:In radiotherapy, six freedom bed combined with CBCT is helpful to correct the setup errors of patients with primary rectal cancer. Six freedom bed may be used to correct the setup errors of patients with primary rectal cancer online. Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) is recommended for bone pattern registration in patients with rectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella and to provide a scientific basis for rational drug use and effective treatment of patients with brucellosis. Methods: A total of 41 Brucella strains were isolated from the blood of patients with brucellosis in 5 counties and 2 districts in Yuxi City, China from 2014 to 2016. The susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial drugs was tested using Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion method and the sizes of antimicrobial rings were recorded. The susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to the Drug Susceptibility Testing Guideline (2009 version) . Results: The susceptibility rate of Brucella was 100.00% to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin and >90% to cefotaxime, cefepime, imipenem, doxycycline, cefoperazone, minocycline, tobramycin, rifampicin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and chloramphenicol. The high resistance to aztreonam and ampicillin was observed (87.80% and 41.46%). Doxycycline-intermediate strains, rifampicin-intermediate strains, and rifampicin-resistant strains were identified. Conclusion Doxycycline and rifampicin are commonly used in the treatment of brucellosis, but doxycycline/rifampicin-intermediate and-resistant strains have been identified. The susceptibility of Brucella to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins was high, so the two drugs can be considered in the treatment of brucellosis.

Antiviral Agents ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Drug Combinations ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Recombinant Proteins ; Ribavirin

Objective To investigate the correlation between dynamic changes in esophageal impedance and dilated intercellular space (DIS) of patients with acid-induced non erosive reflux disease (NERD).Methods From September 2013 to July 2014,a total of 35 patients with NERD and 20 healthy controls were selected and underwent 24 h multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring (MII-pH monitoring),acid perfusion test and gastroendoscopy examination.One piece of mucosa tissue was taken under gastroendoscope from the anterior and posterior walls at 2 cm above the dentate line of the esophagus.Intercellular space (ICS) of the esophageal epithelia cells was measured by software after hematoxylin and eosin staining.t test and variance analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis.Results Impedance baseline of distal esophagus and impedance recovery rate of patients with NERD were lower than those of healthy control group,which were (2 998±701) Ω vs (3 880±1 054) Ω and (30.1±14.0) Ω/min vs (53.0±14.5) Ω/min,and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.65,5.41;both P＜0.01).Compared with healthy control group,ICS of the esophageal epithelial cells was obviously wider (1.03 ± 0.20) μm vs (0.66±0.14) μm,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.57,P＜0.01).Impedance baseline of esophagus and impedance recovery rate of patients with positive acid perfusion test were lower than those of patients with negative acid perfusion test,which were (2 755±680) Ωvs (3 411±536) Ω and (25.4±13.0) Ω minvs (33.4±9.8) Ω /min,and the differences were statistically significant (t =2.99,2.03;both P＜0.05).The correlation between impedance recovery rate and ICS was negative (r=-0.70,P＜0.01).Conclusions Recurrent reflux induced injury and delayed mucosal headline may be the factors of impaired mucosal integrity in patients with NERD.The changes esophageal of impedance baseline to a certain extent reflected the degree of esophageal mucosal integrity impairment.

Objective:To evaluate the six-degree setup errors of tumors of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra by image guided radiotherapy. Methods:From May 2013 to June 2014, 30 patients with spinal malignant tumors(10 patients of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar verte-bra respectively) were treated with Elekata Synergy accelerator(Elekta company,Sweden). Six-degree set up errors were corrected using HexaPODTM evoRT bed under image of on board cone beam computed tomography ( CBCT) guided. All the patients received kilovoltage CBCT before receiving radiotherapy and after correction. The acquired images were co-registered with planning CT with bone window. The data of 838 CT images were analyzed and the errors of translational directions X ( lateral ) , Y ( lngitudi-nal),Z(vertical)and rotational directions RX(pitch), RY(roll), RZ(yaw) were recorded. The data were compared by t-test using SPSS 13. 0. Results:The absolute translational setup errors in X, Y and Z axes of cervical vertebra before correction were (1. 71 ± 0. 10) mm, (1. 81 ± 0. 11) mm and (1. 94 ± 0. 09) mm respectively:(3. 17 ± 0. 19) mm, (4. 26 ± 0. 28) mm and (2. 18 ± 0. 12) mm for thoracic vertebra, and (2. 69 ± 0. 24) mm, (3. 33 ± 0. 26) mm and (2. 86 ± 0. 21) mm for lumbar vertebra. The residual setup errors in X, Y and Z axes of cervical vertebra were (0. 5 ± 2. 4) mm,(0. 01 ± 2. 4) mm and (2. 4 ± 1. 4) mm, respectively after correction;(1. 17 ± 0. 11) mm,(0. 26 ± 0. 30) mm and (0. 08 ± 0. 12) mm for thoracic vertebra and (1. 09 ± 0. 24) mm,(2. 03 ± 1. 26) mm and (0. 06 ± 0. 51) mm for lumbar vertebra. The t-test of paired data of set up errors before and after CBCT showed significant difference in three translational directions of cervical vertebra and thoracic vertebra, only Z (t= -3. 518,P<0. 001) for lumbar vertebra. The absolute rotational setup errors in RX,RY and RZ axes of cervical vertebra before correction were 0 . 67 ° ± 0 . 04 ° ,1 . 06 ° ± 0 . 06 ° and 0 . 78 ° ± 0 . 05 ° respec-tively. 0. 62° ± 0. 05°, 0. 75° ± 0. 06°, and 0. 84° ± 0. 06° for thoracic vertebra, 0. 59° ± 0. 06°, 0. 80° ± 0. 07°, and 0. 73° ± 0. 06°for lumbar vertebra. The rotational directions RX, RY and RZ axes of cervical vertebra were 0 . 27 ° ± 0 . 14 ° , 1 . 20 ° ± 0 . 04 ° and 0 . 28 ° ± 0 . 05 ° respectively;0 . 02 ° ± 0 . 20 ° , 0. 05° ± 0. 26°and 0. 64° ± 0. 16°for thoracic vertebra and 0. 09° ± 0. 26°, 0. 50° ± 0. 05°,and 0. 03° ± 0. 16°for lumbar vertebra. The t-test of paired data of set up errors before and after CBCT showed signifi-cant difference in three rotational directions of cervical vertebra and lumbar vertebra, only RY(t=7. 106, P<0. 001)for thoracic vertebra. All the patients acquired pain relief and there was no radiation-induced toxicity detected clinically during a median follow-up of 6 months. Conclusion:Six-degree set up errors of spine tumors were corrected effectively with HexaPODTM evoRT bed under CBCT image guided and its feasibility in day-to-day clinical practice has been demonstrated.