Objective: To compare the changes in the concentration of relevant growth factors released from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) stored at -80℃ by cryopreservation and at 4℃ by refrigerated lyophilization over 2 years, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for prolonging PRP storage duration. Methods: PRP (n=15) was separated using a blood cell separator and stored under -80℃ cryopreservation (F-PRP group) and 4℃ refrigerated freeze-drying conditions (FD-PRP group). The contents of growth factors (PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, EGF, TGF-β1, and VEGF) in both groups were measured by ELISA at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months. Results: PDGF-AA and VEGF maintained good stability in both groups for up to 24 months. PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 showed high stability in the first 12 months but their stability decreased gradually from 12th to 24th months. EGF demonstrated good stability in the first 6 months, and its stability gradually decreased from the 9th to 24th months. Comparing the F-PRP and FD-PRP groups, the concentrations of the five growth factors in the FD-PRP group were either not statistically different or higher than those in the F-PRP group at all time points. Specifically, the concentrations of EGF were significantly higher in the FD-PRP group at all time points. Conclusion: Both -80℃ freezing and 4℃ freeze-drying enable long-term preservation of PRP. Freeze-drying imposes less stringent storage requirements and facilitates growth factor compared to frozen storage.

With the rapid advancement of vaccines, the research and application of vaccine adjuvants have garnered significant attention. Despite the development of numerous vaccine adjuvants, their applications in human vaccines remain limited due to either insufficient efficacy or severe side effects. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing bioactive compounds derived from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as vaccine adjuvants, owing to their natural biocompatibility, diversity, and safety. Here, we systematically review the current application status and potential value of TCM-based bioactive compounds in vaccine adjuvants. Firstly, we elaborate on the types and characteristics of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, acids, and alkaloids. The mechanisms by which these compounds function as vaccine adjuvants are then discussed, including their roles in enhancing humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and relieving the immune suppression in the microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize the current strategies for structural modification and platform optimization to adapt to different application scenarios. Finally, we offer insights into the future development directions for these potential adjuvants, highlighting research priorities, technical approaches, and application prospects. In conclusion, natural vaccine adjuvants derived from TCMs present broad application prospects and hold promise for future vaccine development.

Objective To analyze the research progress and development trend of xenotransplantation in China.Methods Literatures related to xenotransplantation in Chinese and English were searched from CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection databases from January 1,2014 to December 31,2023.Visualization analysis of the research progress,hot topics and research frontiers in this field was performed by CiteSpace software and R language from the aspects of number of publications,keywords,distribution of journal origin,core author cooperation network,main research institutions,and citation of key literatures,etc.Results Chinese scholars published 684 articles in Chinese and 624 articles in English,ranking 2nd worldwide.The top 3 Chinese journals regarding the number of publications were Organ Transplantation,Practical Journal of Organ Transplantation(Electronic Version)and Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica.The top 3 English journals were Xenotransplantation,Frontiers in Immunology and Scientific Reports.The top 5 authors regarding the number of publications in Chinese were Pan Dengke,Cai Zhiming,Mou Lisha,Li Xiao and Dou Kefeng.The top 5 authors regarding the number of publications in English were Mou Lisha,Cai Zhiming,Dai Yifan,Wang Yi and Pan Dengke.High-frequency Chinese keywords included xenotransplantation,immune rejection,transplantation,xenogenic,animal model,xenogeneic bone,liver transplantation,gene editing,kidney transplantation,burn and bone transplantation.High-frequency English keywords were expression,xenotransplantation,cells,transplantation and survival.Conclusions In recent years,certain research achievement and global influence have been obtained in the field of xenotransplantation in China,involving a variety of disciplines and a wide range of research contents.However,cooperation among different institutions is still lacking.In the future,cross-regional and interdisciplinary communication and cooperation should be prompted.Resource sharing and integration should be strengthened to maintain rapid and steady advancement in this field.

Objective To investigate serum levels of soluble apoptosis-related factor ligand(sFasL)and stromal cell derived factor 1(SDF-1)in patients with aplastic anemia(AA)and their correlation with immunosuppressive treatment.Methods Forty-three AA patients who received immunosuppressive therapy for half a year were selected as the observation group,and another 43 healthy subjects at the same period were selected as the control group.Patients in the observation group received immunosuppressive therapy and hematopoietic propoietic therapy,and patients were divided into the ineffective group and the effective group according to the efficacy.Clinical data of patients were collected,and serum levels of sFasL,SDF-1,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-8(IL-8)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation between serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels was analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze influencing factors of immunosuppressive treatment in AA patients.The predictive values of serum sFasL and SDF-1 on immunosuppressive treatment were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Serum levels of TNF-α,IL-8,sFasL and SDF-1 were higher in the ineffective group than those in the effective group(P＜0.05).Serum sFasL level was positively correlated with SDF-1 level in AA patients(r=0.534,P＜0.001).Increased serum sFasL and SDF-1 levels were independent risk factors for ineffective immunosuppressive therapy in AA patients(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum sFasL and SDF-1 combined to predict the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA patients was 0.973(95%CI:0.872-0.999),which was better than that of single diagnosis(P＜0.05),and its sensitivity and specificity were 94.44%and 96.00%,respectively.Conclusion Serum levels of sFasL and SDF-1 are significantly increased in patients with AA.The combined detection of sFasL and SDF-1 has high predictive value for the immunosuppressive treatment effect of AA.

Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, organ shortage is a global problem, which limits further development of organ transplantation. Recent research shows that genetically modified pig may become a realistic alternative source of clinical organ transplantation donor. Xenotransplantation may serve as one of the effective measures to resolve the problem of organ shortage. Since 2021, 2 cases of living xenotransplantation and 6 cases of xenotransplantation in brain death recipients have been performed worldwide, and phase Ⅰ clinical trial of xenotransplantation has been launched, and the results have exceeded expectations. Therefore, in this article, recent clinical trial results of xenotransplantation in living and brain death recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and scientific, technical and ethical issues related to clinical research of xenotransplantation were illustrated, hoping to provide reference for clinical research of xenotransplantation in China and promote the development of xenotransplantation in clinical practice.

Objective To summarize the experience and practical value of living donor kidney harvesting in Bama miniature pigs with six gene modified. Methods The left kidney of Bama miniature pigs with six gene modified was obtained by living donor kidney harvesting technique. First, the ureter was occluded, and then the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta were freed. During the harvesting process, the ureter, renal vein and renal artery were exposed and freed in sequence. The vascular forceps were used at the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, and the renal artery and vein were immediately perfused with 4℃ renal preservation solution, and stored in ice normal saline for subsequent transplantation. Simultaneously, the donor abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava gap were sutured. The operation time, blood loss, warm and cold ischemia time, postoperative complications and the survival of donors and recipients were recorded. Results The left kidney of the genetically modified pig was successfully harvested. Intraoperative bleeding was 5 mL, warm ischemia time was 45 s, and cold ischemia time was 2.5 h. Neither donor nor recipient pig received blood transfusion, and urinary function of the kidney transplanted into the recipient was recovered. The donor survived for more than 8 months after the left kidney was resected. Conclusions Living donor kidney harvesting is safe and reliable in genetically modified pigs. Branch blood vessels could be processed during kidney harvesting, which shortens the process of kidney repair and the time of cold ischemia. Living donor kidney harvesting contributes to subsequent survival of donors and other scientific researches.

Objective To explore the public attitude towards kidney xenotransplantation in China by constructing and validating the prediction model based on xenotransplantation questionnaire. Methods A convenient sampling survey was conducted among the public in China with the platform of Wenjuanxing to analyze public acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation and influencing factors. Using random distribution method, all included questionnaires (n=2 280) were divided into the training and validation sets according to a ratio of 7:3. A prediction model was constructed and validated. Results A total of 2 280 questionnaires were included. The public acceptance rate of xenotransplantation was 71.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that gender, marital status, resident area, medical insurance coverage, religious belief, vegetarianism, awareness of kidney xenotransplantation and whether on the waiting list for kidney transplantation were the independent influencing factors for public acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the prediction model in the training set was 0.773, and 0.785 in the validation set. The calibration curves in the training and validation sets indicated that the prediction models yielded good prediction value. Decision curve analysis (DCA) suggested that the prediction efficiency of the model was high. Conclusions In China, public acceptance of kidney xenotransplantation is relatively high, whereas it remains to be significantly enhanced. The prediction model based on questionnaire survey has favorable prediction efficiency, which provides reference for subsequent research.

Objective To understand the internal quality control(IQC)situation of routine biochemical projects in Guizhou Province from 2020 to 2022,and to use the analysis batch length sigma rule to select the appropriate IQC strategy for routine biochemical projects.Methods A sum of 41,41 and 52 laboratories were selected from the laboratories participating in the first external quality assessment(EQA)program of the routine biochemical project in the Guizhou Provincial Center for Clinical Laboratory from 2020 to 2022,which uniformly used two concentration levels of internal quality control products produced by Randox Company in the UK.The coefficient of variation(CV)was calculated based on their IQC information,and then these CV values were used to compare with imprecise performance specifications such as WS/T403-2012 standards.The IQC situation of routine biochemical projects of Guizhou Province in recent years was analyzed.Randomly 15 laboratories were selected each year to report the results of the triglyceride project,and their σ values were calculated.Based on the Westgard sigma rule flowcharts of the analysis batch length,appropriate quality control strategies were selected and the quality goal index(QGI)was calculated to evaluate analytical performance of laboratory detection system.Results In the current monthly CV,the proportion of laboratories that met the WS/T403-2012 standards for Ca and TP projects was relatively low,while the pass rates for 7 projects(P,CK,LDH and other projects)were all above 80%,showing an increasing trend year by year.The proportion of laboratories with the 7 projects(P,CK,LDH and other projects)meeting the performance specifications for biomedical variation(appropriate)all reached 90%,while the proportion of laboratories with 5 projects(Na,Ca,Cl and other projects)was relatively low.The proportion of 10 projects such as P,CK,and LDH in cumulative CV of laboratories that met the performance specifications for biomedical variation(appropriate)was over 90%.For the triglyceride project,from 2020 to 2022,there were 2,5 and 13 laboratories that reached 6 σ horizontal.Compared to values of 2020 and 2021 years,the trend of σ values changes of 2022 was increasing(t=3.855,3.511,P≤0.001),indicating that the analytical performance of these laboratories was getting better and better.Conclusion The IQC levels of routine biochemical projects in Guizhou Province were increasing year by year.The Westgard sigma rule of the analysis batch length is designed with personalized quality control rules for various laboratories in Guizhou Province,thus improving laboratory testing capabilities and better severing clinics.

Objectives:To explore the safety and early effectiveness of decompression under full-endoscope and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of single-level thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods:The clinical data of 9 patients with single-segment thoracolumbar burst fracture treated with spinal canal decompression under full-endoscope and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation from April 2021 to June 2022 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,including 7 males and 2 females.The age ranged from 23 to 61(39.3±9.1)years old.According to AO classification,there were 6 cases of type A,2 cases of type B and 1 case of type C.Fracture segments were T12 in 2 cases,L1 in 3 cases,L2 in 3 cases,and L3 in 1 case.According to the classification of American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)grading,there were 2 cases of type C,2 cases of type D,and 5 cases of type E.The decompression and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were operated through the same incision in the injured vertebrae for screw placing.The operation-related indexes and complications were recorded.The patients'low back pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS)score before operation,on 3rd day after operation and at the last follow-up.The sagittal Cobb angle,height ratio of vertebral anterior edge,and the rate of spinal canal occupation were measured on spinal X-ray and CT images,and the recovery of neurological function was evaluated at the last follow-up.Results:All 9 patients successfully completed the operation,and the operative time was 105-145min(1 12.4± 21.2min),bleeding volume was 50-110mL(83.9±19.6mL),and hospitalization time was 7-13d(9.1±1.3d).No serious complications such as wound infection,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,aggravated nerve injury occurred.The follow-up time was 6-13months(8.4±3.9 months),all the fractures healed successfully,and the healing time was 3-6 months(4.7±1.6 months).The VAS score of low back pain on the 3rd day after operation and at final follow-up significantly improved compared with that before operation(P＜0.05),and it was also significantly improved at the last follow-up compared with that on the 3rd day after operation(P＜0.05).The Cobb angle,anterior height ratio of injured vertebrae,and invasion rate of spinal canal were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P＜0.05),respectively,but there was no statistical difference between the last follow-up and postoperative 3d(P＞0.05).One patient recovered from grade C to grade D of ASIA classification,while another three patients with neurological injury recovered completely.Conclusions:Decompression under full-endoscope and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through the same incision in the injured vertebrae for screw placement in the treatment of single-level thoracolumbar burst fractures can obtain effective nerve root and spinal canal decompression,with good correction and small operative trauma,which is a safe and effective option.