Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between liposuction combined with circumareolar small incision and three-port endoscopic surgery for the treatment of Simon Ⅱ gynecomastia (GYN). Methods Comparative case data of 120 patients with GYN were retrospectively analyzed, 61 patients in the open group underwent circumareolar small incision mastectomy after liposuction, and 59 patients in the endoscopic group underwent three-port endoscopic mastectomy after liposuction. The two groups were compared in terms of surgery-related indexes, occurrence of postoperative complications and patient satisfaction. Results The unilateral operation time of the open group was shorter than that of the endoscopic group, the unilateral gland resection weight in the open group was more than that in the endoscopic group, the hospitalization cost of the open group was less than that of the endoscopic group (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in unilateral liposuction volume, drainage volume on the first postoperative day, and time to drain removal between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of complications in the open group and the endoscopic group were 8.2% and 13.6% respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The difference in the overall satisfaction scores between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions Liposuction combined with circumareolar small incision or three-port endoscopic surgery both has good cosmetic effects in the treatment of Simon Ⅱ GYN. The operation with circumareolar small incision is simple, has a shorter operation time, costs less, and does not require special equipment, which is suitable for promotion and application in medical institutions.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. This article reviews the effects of influenza vaccination on COPD and finds that influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of influenza infection, reduce the number of acute exacerbations, and reduce the hospitalization rate in patients with COPD. The vaccine has a favorable safety profile and significant economic benefits, which can reduce medical costs. Currently, influenza vaccination mainly faces challenges such as insufficient patient awareness, insufficient support from the medical system, and socio-cultural and economic factors. Efforts should be focused on reducing the acute exacerbation of COPD patients and providing a scientific basis for the prevention and management of COPD patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide, causing a significant socioeconomic burden. This article reviews the effects of influenza vaccination on COPD and finds that influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of influenza infection, reduce the number of acute exacerbations, and reduce the hospitalization rate in patients with COPD. The vaccine has a favorable safety profile and significant economic benefits, which can reduce medical costs. Currently, influenza vaccination mainly faces challenges such as insufficient patient awareness, insufficient support from the medical system, and socio-cultural and economic factors. Efforts should be focused on reducing the acute exacerbation of COPD patients and providing a scientific basis for the prevention and management of COPD patients.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of non-expansion whole framework ear reconstruction for microtia (referred to as the NEWF ear reconstruction).Methods:The clinical data of congenital microtia patients underwent NEWF ear reconstruction at Department of Ear Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. This advanced method used a tissue non-expansion approach, employing a double flap consisting of preauricular skin flap and fascia flaps, to fabricate and elevate the ear framework in the first stage concurrently. In the subsequent stage, residual ear tissues were utilized to reconstruct key elements such as the tragus, crus of the helix, cavum concha, and so on. At 6 months follow-up, the effectiveness of the reconstructed ear was assessed based on its aesthetic outcomes and complications. Aesthetic outcomes evaluation included 4 items: skin color (front of ear, back of ear and skin graft area were evaluated respectively), appearance of reconstructed ear substructure, scar of incision and hair condition. The individual score was 0-2 points, total scores from 0 to 10, with scores of 9-10 signifying excellent, 6-8 good, 3-5 moderate, and 0-2 poor. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:Ear reconstruction was performed on 49 unilateral microtia cases, aged 6-33 years, including 37 males and 12 females, 34 right ears and 15 left ears. According to the Nagata classification: 30 cases were lobule-type, 5 cases were conchal-type, and 14 cases were small conchal-type. The follow-up period averaged 10.63 months, ranging from 6 to 13 months. One patient experienced exposure of the framework 1 month after the first stage surgery, then recovered well after surgery. The skin color of the front side of the reconstructed ear was close to normal, the substructure was clear, the skin graft area behind the ear recovered well, and the reconstructed ear was basically symmetrical with the healthy side. 9 cases (18.4%) had scar hyperplasia in the mastoid area behind the ear. 9 cases (18.4%) had hair growth on the front of the reconstructed ears. Aesthetic outcomes showed that excellent in 8 cases (16.3%), good in 36 cases (73.5%), moderate in 4 cases (8.2%), poor in 1 case (2.0%).Conclusion:The NEWF ear reconstruction enhances the stability of the ear framework, reduces the overall duration of treatment, making it a viable option for ear reconstruction for microtia.

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of non-expansion whole framework ear reconstruction for microtia (referred to as the NEWF ear reconstruction).Methods:The clinical data of congenital microtia patients underwent NEWF ear reconstruction at Department of Ear Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were retrospectively analyzed. This advanced method used a tissue non-expansion approach, employing a double flap consisting of preauricular skin flap and fascia flaps, to fabricate and elevate the ear framework in the first stage concurrently. In the subsequent stage, residual ear tissues were utilized to reconstruct key elements such as the tragus, crus of the helix, cavum concha, and so on. At 6 months follow-up, the effectiveness of the reconstructed ear was assessed based on its aesthetic outcomes and complications. Aesthetic outcomes evaluation included 4 items: skin color (front of ear, back of ear and skin graft area were evaluated respectively), appearance of reconstructed ear substructure, scar of incision and hair condition. The individual score was 0-2 points, total scores from 0 to 10, with scores of 9-10 signifying excellent, 6-8 good, 3-5 moderate, and 0-2 poor. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results:Ear reconstruction was performed on 49 unilateral microtia cases, aged 6-33 years, including 37 males and 12 females, 34 right ears and 15 left ears. According to the Nagata classification: 30 cases were lobule-type, 5 cases were conchal-type, and 14 cases were small conchal-type. The follow-up period averaged 10.63 months, ranging from 6 to 13 months. One patient experienced exposure of the framework 1 month after the first stage surgery, then recovered well after surgery. The skin color of the front side of the reconstructed ear was close to normal, the substructure was clear, the skin graft area behind the ear recovered well, and the reconstructed ear was basically symmetrical with the healthy side. 9 cases (18.4%) had scar hyperplasia in the mastoid area behind the ear. 9 cases (18.4%) had hair growth on the front of the reconstructed ears. Aesthetic outcomes showed that excellent in 8 cases (16.3%), good in 36 cases (73.5%), moderate in 4 cases (8.2%), poor in 1 case (2.0%).Conclusion:The NEWF ear reconstruction enhances the stability of the ear framework, reduces the overall duration of treatment, making it a viable option for ear reconstruction for microtia.

Objective:To assess the influence of a virtual simulation-based training system for composite resin filling on the knowledge acquisition, skill development, and overall learning experience of undergraduate stomatology students.Methods:Forty-one undergraduate students of grade 2019 majoring in stomatology were divided into two groups for preclinical training before their internships: the experimental group used a virtual training system for composite resin filling, while the control group watched instructional videos of the procedure. The two groups were compared for their first performance in composite resin filling during the internships and teaching feedback. The t-test and chi-square test were conducted for data analysis using SPSS 20.0. Results:After repeatedly using the virtual training system for composite resin filling, the students in the experimental group were able to master the key operational points of the procedure, all achieving high scores (an average of 91.77 points) with an average time of 10.39 minutes. During the internship phase, the experimental group and control group showed significant differences in the accuracy rates of instrument selection (85.71% vs. 40.00%), adhesive applying (76.19% vs. 45.00%), and layered filling (100.00% vs. 75.00%; all P<0.05). All the students unanimously recognized the value of the virtual simulation system and expressed their willingness to use it for preclinical training before internships. Nineteen students (90.48%) were satisfied with the learning experience with the virtual simulation training system. Conclusions:The virtual simulation training system for composite resin filling can improve students' understanding and proficiency levels of the technique before clinical internships, facilitating a smoother transition to the internship phase.

Objective:To investigate the allocation of nursing human resources in burn centers in China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a self-designed questionnaire, a survey was carried out from January to March 2022 to investigate the January to December 2021 status of 39 burn centers in China that met the inclusion criteria based on six strategic regions and other regions, including the hospital grade and the region, the number of nurses and opening beds in the burn centers and burn intensive care units (BICUs), the age, working seniority in burn specialty, educational background, professional title, personnel employment, and turnover of nurses and training of newly recruited nurses in the burn centers.Results:This survey covered 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China (excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan region of China). A total of 39 questionnaires were collected, all of which were valid. The 39 burn centers were located in 38 tertiary A hospitals and 1 tertiary B hospital, with 26 burn centers in strategic areas. The nurse/bed ratio of burn centers in the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao was the highest, while the nurse/bed ratio of burn centers in border ethnic minority area was the lowest. Except for the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, BICUs had been set up in burn centers in other regions. Among the 39 burn centers, the percentage of nurses aged 25 to 34 years was 51.21% (738/1 441), the percentage of nurses worked in burn specialty for less than 5 years was 31.16% (449/1 441), the percentage of nurses with bachelor's degree was 69.74% (1 005/1 441), and the percentage of nurses with nursing professional title was 44.14% (636/1 441), which were the highest. There were significant differences in the employment of nurses, the percentage of permanent nurses in burn centers in the collaborative development zone of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was 82.48% (113/137), while the percentage of permanent nurses in burn centers in important military strategic area was only 9.42% (34/361); the turnover rate of nurses was 9.03% (143/1 584), among which the turnover rate of nurses was 18.14% (80/441) in burn centers in important military strategic area. The training for newly recruited nurses in 39 burn centers was mainly based on the guidance of senior nurses and the pre-job education+specialist training.Conclusions:The burn nursing human resources in strategic areas in China are seriously insufficient and unevenly distributed, with unstable nurse team and lack of standardized specialist training. In particular, the nursing human resources in BICUs need to be equipped and supplemented urgently.

Patients with lung cancer at the same stage may have markedly different overall outcome and a lack of specific biomarker to predict lung cancer outcome. Heat-shock protein 90 β (HSP90β) is overexpressed in various tumor cells. In this study, the ELISA results of HSP90β combined with CEA, CA125, and CYFRA21-1 were used to construct a recursive partitioning decision tree model to establish a four-protein diagnostic model and predict the survival of patients with lung cancer. Survival analysis showed that the recursive partitioning decision tree could distinguish the prognosis between high- and low-risk groups. Results suggested that the joint detection of HSP90β, CEA, CA125, and CYFRA21-1 in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer is plausible for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of lung cancer.
Antigens, Neoplasm ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; CA-125 Antigen ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; Lung Neoplasms ; Prognosis

Abstract In order to achieve the goal of reducing the smoking rate among Chinese adults at ages of 15 years and above to below 20% by 2030, smoking cessation services require to be reinforced. The current Chinese smoking cessation service system includes short-term smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation hotlines at the population level, and smoking cessation clinics at the individual level; however, these smoking cessation services suffer from problems of low awareness, low accessibility and low utilization rate. Based on the publications pertaining to smoking cessation services and released policy documents in China until June 2022, this review analyzes the current status, problems and causes of smoking cessation services, and proposes suggestions for improving the smoking cessation service system construction in China.

Macrolide and corticosteroid resistance has been reported in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia (MPP). MP clearance is difficult to achieve through antibiotic treatment in sensitive patients with severe MPP (SMPP). SMPP in children might progress to airway remodeling and even bronchiolitis/bronchitis obliterans. Therefore, identifying serum biomarkers that indicate MPP progression and exploring new targeted drugs for SMPP treatment require urgency. In this study, serum samples were collected from patients with general MPP (GMPP) and SMPP to conduct proteomics profiling. The Fc fragment of the IgG-binding protein (FCGBP) was identified as the most promising indicator of SMPP. Biological enrichment analysis indicated uncontrolled inflammation in SMPP. ELISA results proved that the FCGBP level in patients with SMPP was substantially higher than that in patients with GMPP. Furthermore, the FCGBP levels showed a decreasing trend in patients with GMPP but the opposite trend in patients with SMPP during disease progression. Connectivity map analyses identified 25 possible targeted drugs for SMPP treatment. Among them, a mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) inhibitor, which is a macrolide compound and a cell proliferation inhibitor, was the most promising candidate for targeting SMPP. To our knowledge, this study was the first proteomics-based characterization of patients with SMPP and GMPP.
Biomarkers ; Carrier Proteins ; Child ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Macrolides ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/drug therapy* ; Proteomics