BACKGROUND:With the development of the aging trend of society,the incidence of femoral neck fractures is increasing.Currently,the preferred surgical treatment is cannulated screw internal fixation.However,post-surgical femoral neck shortening occurs in some cases,resulting in impaired hip functionality.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the incidence of femoral neck shortening following the use of half-threaded cannulated screws for internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures,to analyze the effect on hip function,and to identify factors contributing to neck shortening.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 102 patients treated with half-threaded cannulated screws in an inverted triangle setup for femoral neck fractures at Affiliated Hai'an Hospital of Nantong University from January 2016 to January 2021.This group included 36 males and 66 females at the mean age of(57.2±7.7)years,with 34 cases of Garden type Ⅰ and Ⅱ fractures and 68 of Garden type Ⅲ and Ⅳ fractures.The mean bone mineral density value T was-2.8 SD.The Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function.During the follow-up period,the occurrence of femoral neck shortening was determined using X-ray imagery,and the factors influencing this shortening were examined using both univariate and multivariate regression analyses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Among the 102 patients with femoral neck fractures,30 patients developed femoral neck shortening,accounting for 29.4％.72 patients had no femoral neck shortening(70.6％).(2)The Harris score for patients experiencing neck shortening was significantly lower than that for patients without shortening(P＜0.05).(3)The study identified several factors associated with femoral neck shortening following the internal fixation of femoral neck fractures included age,gender,bone mineral density value T,preoperative Garden classification,and quality of reduction.These factors not only affect the shortening of the femoral neck after surgery,but are also directly related to the functional performance of the patient's hip joint.(4)Femoral neck shortening after surgery for femoral neck fracture is associated with various clinical parameters,especially the patient's age,gender,bone mineral density,preoperative classification,and accuracy of reduction during surgery.

BACKGROUND:With the development of the aging trend of society,the incidence of femoral neck fractures is increasing.Currently,the preferred surgical treatment is cannulated screw internal fixation.However,post-surgical femoral neck shortening occurs in some cases,resulting in impaired hip functionality.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the incidence of femoral neck shortening following the use of half-threaded cannulated screws for internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures,to analyze the effect on hip function,and to identify factors contributing to neck shortening.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 102 patients treated with half-threaded cannulated screws in an inverted triangle setup for femoral neck fractures at Affiliated Hai'an Hospital of Nantong University from January 2016 to January 2021.This group included 36 males and 66 females at the mean age of(57.2±7.7)years,with 34 cases of Garden type Ⅰ and Ⅱ fractures and 68 of Garden type Ⅲ and Ⅳ fractures.The mean bone mineral density value T was-2.8 SD.The Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function.During the follow-up period,the occurrence of femoral neck shortening was determined using X-ray imagery,and the factors influencing this shortening were examined using both univariate and multivariate regression analyses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Among the 102 patients with femoral neck fractures,30 patients developed femoral neck shortening,accounting for 29.4％.72 patients had no femoral neck shortening(70.6％).(2)The Harris score for patients experiencing neck shortening was significantly lower than that for patients without shortening(P＜0.05).(3)The study identified several factors associated with femoral neck shortening following the internal fixation of femoral neck fractures included age,gender,bone mineral density value T,preoperative Garden classification,and quality of reduction.These factors not only affect the shortening of the femoral neck after surgery,but are also directly related to the functional performance of the patient's hip joint.(4)Femoral neck shortening after surgery for femoral neck fracture is associated with various clinical parameters,especially the patient's age,gender,bone mineral density,preoperative classification,and accuracy of reduction during surgery.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate(BaCuTiO4)piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.Methods BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method,and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope.An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was used,with barium titanate(BaTiO3)coatings serving as the control group.Under LIPUS intervention(1.0 W/cm2,1 MHz,10 min),the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings.Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups,assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.Results Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating(from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V),bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues.Under LIPUS activation,the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5％and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA,achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5％.Conclusions The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilm-clearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism.Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues,promoting implant osseointegration.

BACKGROUND:Compensatory changes in sagittal parameters of the cervicothoracic spine after orthopedic surgery in patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis and their intrinsic relationship,as well as the impact of these changes on quality of life,are still lacking.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the compensatory alignment of cervical and thoracic vertebrae after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.METHODS:103 patients who underwent surgical correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis were included in this study.Patients'demographic characteristics and spinal sagittal parameters were assessed,and prediction equations between changes in cervical sagittal parameters and lumbar deformity correction were attempted.Simultaneously,the SRS-22 scale was used to assess the quality of life of patients and to explore the relationship between the compensatory changes of the cervical and thoracic spine after correction and the patients'health-related quality of life.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,all indicators of the cervical spine and thoracic spine were significantly improved compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant change at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,the lumbar spine parameters including lumbar lordosis,C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis,and pelvic incident-lumbar lordosis had significant changes compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but the change was not significant at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).(2)Correlation analysis showed that the lumbar lordosis was highly correlated with the C3-C7 cervical lordosis,C1-C7 cervical lordosis,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,thoracic inlet angle,and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis(|r|≥ 0.5,P＜0.000 1).The lumbar lordosis was correlated with the thoracic kyphosis(r=-0.280).(3)Two prediction formulas were established for compensatory changes in cervical spine:cervical lordosis=0.524x,lumbar lordosis=-6.612,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis=-0.263x,and lumbar lordosis=-5.436(P＜0.05,R2＞0.6).(4)When postoperative C2-7 sagittal vertical axis was between 14.4 and 26.8 mm;cervical lordosis was between 9° and 41°,lumbar lordosis was between 42.7° and 68.7°,and sagittal vertical axis was between-40 and 40 mm,patients had better quality of life recovery.(5)It is indicated that significant compensatory changes in the sagittal plane of the cervical spine can be observed after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.We found that each 1° increase in lumbar lordosis was associated with a corresponding increase of about 0.5° in cervical lordosis and a corresponding decrease of about 0.3 mm in the vertical axis of the C2-7 sagittal plane.Patient satisfaction was higher if compensatory changes were closer to normal sagittal plane.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT)thickness combined with serum disintegrin metalloprotease 10(ADAM10)and stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)in coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 119 CHD patients were included as the study group,and 100 non-CHD patients in the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the patients were collected.Serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Color Doppler ultrasonography was applied to detect EAT thickness.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of CHD occurrence.The diagnostic value of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels in the diagnosis of CHD was analyzed by subject work characteristics(ROC)curves.Results The levels of triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 were higher in the study group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated EAT thickness,serum ADAM10,STIM1,triglyceride and LDL-C levels were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CHD(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 for the diagnosis of CHD[0.864(95%CI:0.811-0.907)]was higher than that of their respective individual diagnoses[0.801(95%CI:0.741-0.851),0.750(95%CI:0.687-0.806),respectively,0.799(95%CI:0.740-0.850)],and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were 82.35%and 83.00%,respectively.Conclusion EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels are obviously elevated in CHD patients,and the combination of the three tests has a high diagnostic value for CHD.

Monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)represent the most extensively utilized class of therapeutic proteins in clinical practice.While the majority of currently marketed mAbs are primarily employed for the treatment of non-infectious diseases,such as tumors and autoimmune disorders,the number of monoclonal antibody drugs approved globally for the prevention or treatment of infectious diseases has been progressively increasing since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.On March 25,2023,the World Health Organization(WHO)published the"Guidelines on the Non-Clinical and Clinical Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies and Related Products Intended for the Prevention or Treatment of Infectious Diseases".However,China has yet to release analogous guidelines.This article aims to elucidate the non-clinical evaluation aspects of monoclonal antibody drugs for infectious disease prevention and treatment as outlined in the WHO guidelines,with a focus on regulatory considerations,overarching principles of non-clinical evaluation,as well as pharmacodynamics,pharmacokinetics,and toxicology studies.It is intended to serve as a reference for the non-clinical research and evaluation of such novel drugs in China.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of copper-doped barium titanate(BaCuTiO4)piezoelectric materials combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)to activate their piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic effect for treating implant-associated infections.Methods BaCuTiO4 coatings were synthesized on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V substrates using a hydrothermal method,and their surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.The piezoelectric characteristics of the coatings were analyzed using a piezoresponse force microscope.An in vitro biofilm model of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)was used,with barium titanate(BaTiO3)coatings serving as the control group.Under LIPUS intervention(1.0 W/cm2,1 MHz,10 min),the bacterial viability was assessed using colony counting to evaluate the antibacterial performance of the BaCuTiO4 coatings.Confocal microscopy was used to observe biofilm viability in different groups,assessing the biofilm removal capability of the coatings.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation in each group was detected using Rhodamine b as a probe to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of the coatings in generating ROS.Results Copper doping significantly reduced the piezoelectric coefficient of the coating(from 17.7 pm/V to 7.8 pm/V),bringing its piezoelectric performance closer to the requirements of natural bone tissues.Under LIPUS activation,the BaCuTiO4 coatings increased the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species by 67.5％and effectively disrupted and removed biofilms formed by MRSA,achieving an antibacterial rate of 90.5％.Conclusions The BaCuTiO4 coatings achieve efficient antibacterial and biofilm-clearing functions through a piezoelectric-catalytic synergistic mechanism.Their piezoelectric properties are well-matched with natural bone tissues,promoting implant osseointegration.

Objective:To explore effect and potential mechanism of disulfiram on necrotizing apoptosis of renal podocytes and macrophages.Methods:Mouse renal podocyte MPC-5 and macrophages J774A.1 and BMDM cells were cultured in vitro and treated with TNF-α,Smac mimetic LCL-161 and pan-caspase inhibitor IDN-6556(TSI)to induce necroptosis.Cell necrosis was detected by propi-dium iodide staining.Western blot was used to detect protein levels of necroptosis markers MLKL,RIPK3 and RIPK1.Immuno-fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the subcellular distribution of RIPK3 and p-MLKL in MPC-5 cells.Results:TSI treat-ment induced significant necroptosis in both MPC-5 cells and macrophages.Disulfiram was able to inhibit necroptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner.Moreover,disulfiram markedly blocked the phosphorylation of RIPK1,RIPK3 and MLKL.The aggregation of RIPK3 and p-MLKL were also suppressed by disulfiram.Conclusion:Disulfiram inhibits necroptosis in podocytes and macrophages by suppressing RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Compensatory changes in sagittal parameters of the cervicothoracic spine after orthopedic surgery in patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis and their intrinsic relationship,as well as the impact of these changes on quality of life,are still lacking.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the compensatory alignment of cervical and thoracic vertebrae after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.METHODS:103 patients who underwent surgical correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis were included in this study.Patients'demographic characteristics and spinal sagittal parameters were assessed,and prediction equations between changes in cervical sagittal parameters and lumbar deformity correction were attempted.Simultaneously,the SRS-22 scale was used to assess the quality of life of patients and to explore the relationship between the compensatory changes of the cervical and thoracic spine after correction and the patients'health-related quality of life.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,all indicators of the cervical spine and thoracic spine were significantly improved compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but there was no significant change at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).At 3 months and 2 years after surgery,the lumbar spine parameters including lumbar lordosis,C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis,and pelvic incident-lumbar lordosis had significant changes compared with those before surgery(P＜0.05),but the change was not significant at 3 months after surgery compared with 2 years after surgery(P＞0.05).(2)Correlation analysis showed that the lumbar lordosis was highly correlated with the C3-C7 cervical lordosis,C1-C7 cervical lordosis,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis,thoracic inlet angle,and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis(|r|≥ 0.5,P＜0.000 1).The lumbar lordosis was correlated with the thoracic kyphosis(r=-0.280).(3)Two prediction formulas were established for compensatory changes in cervical spine:cervical lordosis=0.524x,lumbar lordosis=-6.612,C2-7 sagittal vertical axis=-0.263x,and lumbar lordosis=-5.436(P＜0.05,R2＞0.6).(4)When postoperative C2-7 sagittal vertical axis was between 14.4 and 26.8 mm;cervical lordosis was between 9° and 41°,lumbar lordosis was between 42.7° and 68.7°,and sagittal vertical axis was between-40 and 40 mm,patients had better quality of life recovery.(5)It is indicated that significant compensatory changes in the sagittal plane of the cervical spine can be observed after correction of lumbar degenerative scoliosis.We found that each 1° increase in lumbar lordosis was associated with a corresponding increase of about 0.5° in cervical lordosis and a corresponding decrease of about 0.3 mm in the vertical axis of the C2-7 sagittal plane.Patient satisfaction was higher if compensatory changes were closer to normal sagittal plane.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of epicardial adipose tissue(EAT)thickness combined with serum disintegrin metalloprotease 10(ADAM10)and stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1)in coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods A total of 119 CHD patients were included as the study group,and 100 non-CHD patients in the same period were selected as the control group.The clinical data of the patients were collected.Serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Color Doppler ultrasonography was applied to detect EAT thickness.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze influencing factors of CHD occurrence.The diagnostic value of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels in the diagnosis of CHD was analyzed by subject work characteristics(ROC)curves.Results The levels of triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 were higher in the study group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated EAT thickness,serum ADAM10,STIM1,triglyceride and LDL-C levels were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CHD(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of EAT thickness combined with serum ADAM10 and STIM1 for the diagnosis of CHD[0.864(95%CI:0.811-0.907)]was higher than that of their respective individual diagnoses[0.801(95%CI:0.741-0.851),0.750(95%CI:0.687-0.806),respectively,0.799(95%CI:0.740-0.850)],and the sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were 82.35%and 83.00%,respectively.Conclusion EAT thickness,serum ADAM10 and STIM1 levels are obviously elevated in CHD patients,and the combination of the three tests has a high diagnostic value for CHD.