Objective:To explore the role of cytokines and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in adolescent depression and childhood trauma.Methods:Using convenient sampling,80 adolescents with depression were recruited from the in-patient department of the Mental Health Center,First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2021 to December 2022. Meanwhile,70 healthy adolescents were recruited to participate in the study. Life and learning stress,childhood trauma,anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated using adolescent Life Events Scale,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire,Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA). Serum glucocorticoid receptor and plasma 12 cytokines were also detected. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. The rank sum test or Chi-square test was used to compare the demographic data and blood indicators between adolescents with and without depression. Spearman method was used to examine the correlation between childhood trauma,GR,cytokines and depression. Maximum likelihood estimation method was performed to test the mediating effect,and the average path coefficient was obtained after testing the indirect path by Bootstrap method. If the 95% confidence interval ( CI) does not contain 0,the intermediary effect is significant. Results:There was significant difference in GR concentration between adolescents with and without depression ( Z=-10.50, P<0.001). IL-1β,IL-2,IL-5,IL-10,IL-12,IL-17 and IFN-α were also significantly different between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that HAMD 17 and HAMA scores were associated with emotional abuse,emotional neglect,physical abuse,CTQ total score and cytokine level IL-5,IFN-α were positively correlated. Physical neglect and IL-1β were only positively correlated with HAMD 17 score. GR was negatively associated with emotional abuse ( r=-0.523, P<0.001),emotional neglect ( r=-0.245, P=0.002),sexual abuse ( r=-0.172, P=0.035),physical abuse score ( r=-0.180, P=0.027),CTQ total score ( r=-0.562, P<0.001),HAMD 17 score ( r=-0.783--0.271, P<0.001),HAMA score( r=-0.741--0.602, P<0.001),IL-1β ( r=-0.217, P=0.008),IL-5 ( r=-0.334, P<0.001),and IFN-α ( r=-0.276, P=0.001). IL-5 level was positively correlated with emotional abuse score ( r=0.211, P=0.009) and CTQ total score ( r=0.201, P=0.014). IFN-α level was positively correlated with emotional abuse score ( r=0.207, P=0.011) and CTQ total score ( r=0.166, P=0.042). The mediating effect showed that GR played a partial mediating role between childhood trauma and depression (indirect effect: effect size 0.294, S.E. 0.043,95 %CI=0.236-0.398). GR and cytokine IL-5 play a chain mediating role between childhood trauma and depression (indirect effect: effect size 0.067, S.E. 0.040,95 %CI=0.023-0.147). Conclusion:GR,and cytokine IL-5 play a mediating role between adolescent depression and childhood trauma.

Objective:To explore the role of cytokines and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in adolescent depression and childhood trauma.Methods:Using convenient sampling,80 adolescents with depression were recruited from the in-patient department of the Mental Health Center,First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2021 to December 2022. Meanwhile,70 healthy adolescents were recruited to participate in the study. Life and learning stress,childhood trauma,anxiety and depression symptoms were evaluated using adolescent Life Events Scale,Childhood Trauma Questionnaire,Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD 17) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA). Serum glucocorticoid receptor and plasma 12 cytokines were also detected. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis. The rank sum test or Chi-square test was used to compare the demographic data and blood indicators between adolescents with and without depression. Spearman method was used to examine the correlation between childhood trauma,GR,cytokines and depression. Maximum likelihood estimation method was performed to test the mediating effect,and the average path coefficient was obtained after testing the indirect path by Bootstrap method. If the 95% confidence interval ( CI) does not contain 0,the intermediary effect is significant. Results:There was significant difference in GR concentration between adolescents with and without depression ( Z=-10.50, P<0.001). IL-1β,IL-2,IL-5,IL-10,IL-12,IL-17 and IFN-α were also significantly different between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that HAMD 17 and HAMA scores were associated with emotional abuse,emotional neglect,physical abuse,CTQ total score and cytokine level IL-5,IFN-α were positively correlated. Physical neglect and IL-1β were only positively correlated with HAMD 17 score. GR was negatively associated with emotional abuse ( r=-0.523, P<0.001),emotional neglect ( r=-0.245, P=0.002),sexual abuse ( r=-0.172, P=0.035),physical abuse score ( r=-0.180, P=0.027),CTQ total score ( r=-0.562, P<0.001),HAMD 17 score ( r=-0.783--0.271, P<0.001),HAMA score( r=-0.741--0.602, P<0.001),IL-1β ( r=-0.217, P=0.008),IL-5 ( r=-0.334, P<0.001),and IFN-α ( r=-0.276, P=0.001). IL-5 level was positively correlated with emotional abuse score ( r=0.211, P=0.009) and CTQ total score ( r=0.201, P=0.014). IFN-α level was positively correlated with emotional abuse score ( r=0.207, P=0.011) and CTQ total score ( r=0.166, P=0.042). The mediating effect showed that GR played a partial mediating role between childhood trauma and depression (indirect effect: effect size 0.294, S.E. 0.043,95 %CI=0.236-0.398). GR and cytokine IL-5 play a chain mediating role between childhood trauma and depression (indirect effect: effect size 0.067, S.E. 0.040,95 %CI=0.023-0.147). Conclusion:GR,and cytokine IL-5 play a mediating role between adolescent depression and childhood trauma.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of 200IU hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) injection at 1 month after birth to interrupt the mother-to-children transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods: Infants born to mothers who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive, with HBV DNA load ≥1.0×10⁶ IU/ml and who did not receive antiviral drug treatment during pregnancy, were randomly divided into 2 groups. Infants in the control group were treated with standard immunoprophylaxis: 200 IU HBIG and 10 μg recombinant hepatitis B vaccine injection within 2 h after birth and a vaccine booster at 1 and 6 months after birth. For infants in the HBIG group the standard immunoprophylaxis and an additional 200 IU HBIG were administered at 1 month. HBsAg, the antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), and HBV DNA load were measured at birth and after 7 months. later.Immunoprophylaxis failure was defined as the presence of HBV DNA and HBsAg positivity or the presence of HBV DNA and HBsAg negativity at 7 months. Results: In this prospective cohort study, of the 280 infants enrolled, 14 infants (HBIG/control: 6/8) were lost to follow-up and 266 subjects (HBIG/control: 134/132) completed the 7-month study. The log₁₀HBV DNA load of mothers in the HBIG group and control group were (7.31±0.66) log₁₀IU/ml and (7.32±0.74) log₁₀IU/ml, respectively (P=0.92). The MTCT rate of the two groups was similar (5.97% vs. 7.58%, P=0.63). At 7 months, the HBsAg positive rate and the level of anti-HBs in the two groups were 94.03%(126/134)vs. 91.67% (121/132) and 623.60±412.93 mIU/mL vs. 620.38±399.10 mIU/ml, respectively with no significant difference (P=0.48 and P=0.95, respectively). The log₁₀ HBV DNA load of mothers in immunoprophylaxis failure group and success group was similar (P=0.09). The number of infants who were serum HBsAg positive and HBV DNA positive at birth in the immunoprophylaxis failure group were higher than those in the success group (100% and 100% vs. 35.89% and 31.85%, P<0.01, respectively). The serum HBsAg levels in infants at birth was the only independent relevant factor for HBV MTCT, with risk rates of 11.18 (95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.23-101.88), 352.00 (95%CI, 15.82-7833.20), and 968.00 (95%CI 81.35-11519.19) for HBsAg levels of 0.05-< 1, 1-< 10, and ≥ 10 IU/ml, respectively, compared to infants with HBsAg levels < 0.05 IU/ml. Conclusions Administering 200IU HBIG injection at 1 month did not reduce the risk of HBV MTCT.

Objective To explore the CT,clinical,and pathological features of eosinophilic lymphogranuloma(ELG)in head and neck region. Methods CT,clinical,and pathological data of 9 cases of ELG in head and neck region,confirmed by biopsy were retrospectively an-alyzed.Results Parotid gland was lonely involved in 3 cases,and cervical lymph nodes were lonely involved in 2 cases,and they were both involved in 4 cases.All of the patients suffered from painless nodule or mass in head and neck region with peripheral blood eosinophilia.On CT examination,nodular lesions of parotid gland were clear or slightly blurred defined with moderately or obviously homogeneous enhancement,and diffuse mass lesions in parotid gland were ill defined with involvement of surrounding tissue,and heterogenous progressive enhancement.The involved cervical lymph nodes were enlarged with clear boundaries,and moderately or obviously homogeneous enhancement.The pathological findings of ELG included the marked infiltration of eosinophilia,lymphocytic proliferation,lymphatic follicles,variable degrees of fibrosis and vascular proliferation.Conclusion ELG in head and neck region has some CT features,and diagnosis could be suggested combining with the clinical manifestations and peripheral blood eosinophilia. The final diagnosis depends on histopathological examination.