BACKGROUND:At present,the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation mainly adopts the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system for lifting and reduction.During the operation,the curvature of the connecting rod is often increased to increase the drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae to improve the reduction effect,but it increases the difficulty and risk of surgery.The axis pivot screw directly increases the reduction drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae,but the extent to which it increases the reduction capacity is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To test the reduction ability of axis pivot screw and compare it with ordinary screw.METHODS:Six fresh human craniocervical specimens were used in study.The joint capsules of two lateral mass joints and atlanto-odontoid joint and transverse ligament were removed to make an atlantoaxial instability model.Three kinds of internal fixation were performed successively on both sides of the axis of each specimen:uniaxial axis pivot screws(group A),multi-axial axis pivot screws(group B)and ordinary screws(group C).Flexible ultra-thin film pressure sensors were placed in the anterior atlanto-odontoid space.Two connecting rods with the same curvature were placed to simulate the lifting and reduction,and the pressure of the anterior atlanto-odontoid space was obtained.Comparative analysis was conducted among the three groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The anterior atlanto-odontoid space pressure of groups A-C was(97.59±8.58),(60.43±5.09),and(22.74±0.81)N,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups(F=251.603,P=0.000).The pairwise comparison among the three groups showed significant differences(P=0.000).(2)The axis pivot screw applied to the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system can improve the reduction capacity compared with the common cervical posterior screw,and the uniaxial axis pivot screw has more reduction capacity than the multi-axis uniaxial axis pivot screw to improve the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system.

BACKGROUND:At present,the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation mainly adopts the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system for lifting and reduction.During the operation,the curvature of the connecting rod is often increased to increase the drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae to improve the reduction effect,but it increases the difficulty and risk of surgery.The axis pivot screw directly increases the reduction drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae,but the extent to which it increases the reduction capacity is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To test the reduction ability of axis pivot screw and compare it with ordinary screw.METHODS:Six fresh human craniocervical specimens were used in study.The joint capsules of two lateral mass joints and atlanto-odontoid joint and transverse ligament were removed to make an atlantoaxial instability model.Three kinds of internal fixation were performed successively on both sides of the axis of each specimen:uniaxial axis pivot screws(group A),multi-axial axis pivot screws(group B)and ordinary screws(group C).Flexible ultra-thin film pressure sensors were placed in the anterior atlanto-odontoid space.Two connecting rods with the same curvature were placed to simulate the lifting and reduction,and the pressure of the anterior atlanto-odontoid space was obtained.Comparative analysis was conducted among the three groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The anterior atlanto-odontoid space pressure of groups A-C was(97.59±8.58),(60.43±5.09),and(22.74±0.81)N,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups(F=251.603,P=0.000).The pairwise comparison among the three groups showed significant differences(P=0.000).(2)The axis pivot screw applied to the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system can improve the reduction capacity compared with the common cervical posterior screw,and the uniaxial axis pivot screw has more reduction capacity than the multi-axis uniaxial axis pivot screw to improve the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and mechanism of berberine(BBR)on early brain injury(EBI)in subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)rats.Methods:Sixty-eight SD rats were used to establish SAH model through internal carotid artery puncture and randomly divided into three groups:Sham group,SAH model group,and SAH+BBR group.Rats in the SAH+BBR group were given BBR intragastrically at 3 and 6 h after operation,and were treated with BBR twice on the second day.The severity of SAH grade,neurological score,brain edema and blood-brain barrier func-tion were evaluated 48 h after operation.Neuron apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The levels of inflammatory factors in brain tissue were assessed by ELISA.NLRP3 inflammasome,ASC and caspase-1 protein expres-sion were investigated by Western Blot.Results:BBR can promote the recovery of neurological impairment(P＜0.05),improve brain edema and blood-brain barrier function(P＜0.05),reduce neuronal cell apoptosis(P＜0.05),and alleviate brain injury in SAH rats.Compared with SAH group,BBR treatment inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,ASC,and caspase-1(P＜0.05).Moreover,BBR decreased the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in brain tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion:BBR may reduce the inflammatory response of brain tissue by regulating the acti-vation of NLRP3 inflammasome,thus alleviating the early brain injury after SAH.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and mechanism of berberine(BBR)on early brain injury(EBI)in subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)rats.Methods:Sixty-eight SD rats were used to establish SAH model through internal carotid artery puncture and randomly divided into three groups:Sham group,SAH model group,and SAH+BBR group.Rats in the SAH+BBR group were given BBR intragastrically at 3 and 6 h after operation,and were treated with BBR twice on the second day.The severity of SAH grade,neurological score,brain edema and blood-brain barrier func-tion were evaluated 48 h after operation.Neuron apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The levels of inflammatory factors in brain tissue were assessed by ELISA.NLRP3 inflammasome,ASC and caspase-1 protein expres-sion were investigated by Western Blot.Results:BBR can promote the recovery of neurological impairment(P＜0.05),improve brain edema and blood-brain barrier function(P＜0.05),reduce neuronal cell apoptosis(P＜0.05),and alleviate brain injury in SAH rats.Compared with SAH group,BBR treatment inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,ASC,and caspase-1(P＜0.05).Moreover,BBR decreased the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α in brain tissue(P＜0.05).Conclusion:BBR may reduce the inflammatory response of brain tissue by regulating the acti-vation of NLRP3 inflammasome,thus alleviating the early brain injury after SAH.

Objective To explore the related factors of anemia during pregnancy and provide scientific evidence for the primary prevention of anemia during pregnancy.Methods The pregnant women (≤ 12 pregnant weeks) who received the first pregnancy care in a local medical institution in Hunan province from June 2013 to November 2014 were included in this cohort study,and for them anemia had been excluded by physical examination.Baseline survey and follow up till childbirth were conducted for them.A queue-based nested case-control study (1 ∶ 2) was conducted (380 pregnant women with anemia detected in this study as case group,760 pregnant women without anemia randomly selected and matched by age,habitual residence during pregnancy as control group.And t test,x2 test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify related factors of anemia during pregnancy.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that low family annual income level (net income) (OR=2.08,95％CI:1.22-3.59),low educational level (OR=2.09,95％CI:1.22-3.59),pre-pregnancy perm/hair dye (OR=2.23,95％ CI:1.63-3.05),early pregnancy vomiting (OR=2.51,95％ CI:1.56-4.03) were the risk factors for anemia during pregnancy.Intake of vitamin and trace element supplements (OR=0.69,95％ CI:0.50-0.94),frequent meat,fish,shrimp,egg intakes (OR=0.68,95％CI:0.49-0.92),frequent soy milk,milk intakes (OR=0.51,95％CI:0.27-0.95) were the protective factors for anemia during pregnancy.Conclusion A number of factors,such as family annual income level,education level,poisonous and harmful material contact,pregnancy reaction,nutrition,are related to the incidence of anemia during pregnancy,it is necessary to take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of anemia during pregnancy.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics in cryptogenic stroke with right-to-left shunt (RLS). Methods Fifty-two patients with cryptogenic ischaemic stroke were included in the study and divided into two groups according to transcranial Doppler (TCD) bubble test: RLS group (twenty-five patients) and non-RLS group (twenty-seven patients). The demographic data, traditional risk factors of stroke and characteristics of le?sion patterns were compared between two subgroups. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in age or sex ratio. The percentage of patients with no risk factors was significantly higher in RLS group than non-RLS group (44%vs. 14.8%, P=0.015). The lesion was more frequently observed in the vertebrobasilar artery territory in RLS group (56%vs. 14.8%, P<0.01). However, there was no other significant difference in lesion patterns, such as infarct size, single/multiple lesions, superficially/deeply located between these two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Vertebrobasilar Stroke without traditional cerebrovascular risk factors is more likely to be RLS-associated, which requires an advanced TCD bubble test to find the potential cause of stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate pregnancy complications and related determinants, and provide scientific evidence for maternal health care. METHODS: A total of 13669 pregnant women who planned to deliver in the hospital were randomly identified and surveyed by questionnaire. Chi-square test and logistic regression models were used to screen the influencing factors for pregnancy complications. RESULTS: The incidence of pregnancy complication was 13.94%. The following diseases had higher incidence than others: anemia (2.95%), premature rupture of membranes (2.51%), diabetes (1.92%), severe preeclampsia (1.43%), mild preeclampsia (1.27%), and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (1.27%). Data from logistic regression models showed that pregnancy complications were related to maternal age, education level, number of caesarean sections, ways to terminate pregnancy, gestation weeks and number of fetuses. CONCLUSION The rate of pregnant complication is high, which should be treated in time to ensure the safety of pregnant women.
Anemia ; Cesarean Section ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; epidemiology