Objective: To investigate the mechanism of action of Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin (POG) to improve cholesterol metabolism in osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes based on the long noncoding RNA nuclear-enriched transcript 1 (lncRNA NEAT1)/microRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) pathway. Methods: For in vivo experiments, 60 mice were divided into the normal, sham operation, model, and POG groups using the random number table method, with 15 mice per group. The osteoarthritis mouse model was constructed using the modified Hulth method in the model and POG groups. Mice in the POG group were administered 30 mg/(kg·d)POG by gavage. The other groups were administered an equal amount of normal saline for 8 weeks. The cartilage tissue structure of mice in each group was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect changes in the lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-128-3p mRNA expression levels in the cartilage tissues of mice. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor β (LXRβ), matrix metalloprotein-3 (MMP-3), and B-lymphoblastoma-2-associated X protein (Bax) in articular cartilage of mice. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content in the synovial fluid of mice. A biochemical microplate assay was used to measure the total cholesterol level in the synovial fluid of mice. The in vitro experiments were divided into the negative control, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-1β+ POG, IL-1β+ oe-lncRNA NEAT1, IL-1β+ oe-lncRNA NEAT1 + POG, IL-1β + miR-128-3p inhibition, and IL-1β+ miR-128-3p inhibition+ POG groups. An OA model was established by inducing chondrocytes with IL-1β for 24 h, and 90 mg/L of POG and miR-128-3p inhibitor(50 nmol/L) were administered for 48 h as an intervention. lncRNA NEAT1 expression in chondrocytes was detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization. A dual luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-128-3p. Lentiviral plasmids overexpressing lncRNA NEAT1 were used to transfect mouse chondrocytes. Real-time PCR was used to detect the effect of lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression on the mRNA level of miR-128-3p in chondrocytes. Western blotting was used to detect ABCA1, LXRβ, MMP-3, and Bax protein expression in chondrocytes after lncRNA NEAT1 overexpression and miR-128-3p inhibition. Results: POG significantly reduced OA cartilage tissue damage. Compared with the model group, the lncRNA NEAT1 mRNA level decreased, whereas the miR-128-3p mRNA level increased in the cartilage tissue of the POG group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, ABCA1 and LXRβ protein expression increased in the POG group, whereas MMP-3 and Bax protein expression decreased (P<0.05). The TNF-α levels decreased in the POG group compared to the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the total cholesterol level in the synovial fluid of the joint of mice in the POG group decreased (P<0.05). The mean fluorescence intensity of lncRNA NEAT1 in the IL-1β+ POG group decreased compared with the IL-1β group (P<0.05). The relative luciferase activity in the miR-128-3p mimics group bound to the lncRNA NEAT1-WT plasmid decreased compared with the miR-128-3p negative control group (P<0.05). The lncRNA NEAT1 mRNA levels decreased, whereas the miR-128-3p mRNA levels increased in the IL-1β+ oe-lncRNA NEAT1 + POG group compared with the IL-1β+ oe-lncRNA NEAT1 group (P<0.05). Compared with the IL-1β+ POG group, ABCA1 and LXRβ protein expression decreased, whereas MMP-3 and Bax protein expression increased (P<0.05). Conclusion POG mediates lncRNA NEAT1/miR-128-3p to improve cholesterol metabolism in OA chondrocytes.

Neoplasms characterized by the expression of markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in neoplastic cells are defined as neuroendocrine neoplasms. A case of neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with a small amount of papillary adenocarcinoma and significantly vacuolar nucleus at the esophagogastric junction was reported in this article. A 77-year-old male had dysphagia for one week. Endoscopy revealed early-stage esophagogastric junction carcinoma, and biopsy was diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. Histologically, the papillary adenocarcinoma progresses from typically branching papillary structures (well-differentiated) to hyperplasia of the lining epithelium of the papilla to form a cribriform structure (moderately differentiated), to solid area lacking papillary structures (poorly differentiated). There was a continuous process, and during this process, the vacuoles in the nuclei of tumor cells showed progressive changes from mild to obvious and finally to significant vacuoles. The tumor was mainly composed of solid areas (about 95%), with single cell, large cell, round or oval to irregular nuclei, and significantly vacuolar nuclei, nuclei with larger vacuoles appeared in a loop, a few thin weakly basophilic or weakly eosinophilic fine particles could be seen in the vacuoles, and the vacuoles had rough edges. The nucleus chromatin at the outer edge of the vacuoles was fine particles, and mitosis was common (20-30/mm²), atypical mitosis could be seen, and nucleoli could be seen easily, the cytoplasm was weakly eosinophilic, and the boundaries of cells were unclear. The cells were arranged in a nested, trabecular, or diffuse sheet shape, with some arranged in a glandular tube shape. Tumor thrombus was found in the vein of submucosa; the interstitial tissue rich in capillaries within the tumor was accompanied by a large number of neutrophil infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the solid area of the tumor was positive for synaptophysin (Syn) and chromogranin A (CgA), while papillary adenocarcinoma was negative. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) was diffusely positive in papillary adenocarcinoma, while the proportion of positive cells in the solid area of the tumor was about 10% to 15%. In a word, this case showed the extreme situation of the vacuolar nuclear characteristics of NECs, extremely rare, in a sense, this case expanded the boundary of the morphological spectrum of NECs. Understanding the extreme vacuolar features of this nucleus is helpful to make a correct pathological diagnosis.
Humans ; Male ; Esophagogastric Junction/pathology* ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology* ; Vacuoles/pathology* ; Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Cell Nucleus/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Tougu Xiaotong Capsule(TGXTC)alleviates chondrocyte degeneration in knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods Thirty 2-month-old C57BL/6 mouse models of KOA established using the Hulth method were randomized into model group,TGXTC group,and diclofenac sodium group and received treatment with saline,TGXTC(368 mg/kg),and diclofenac sodium(10 mg/kg)by gavage,respectively,with another 10 untreated mice as the blank control group.All interventions were administered 6 times a week for 4 weeks.After the treatments,structural changes in the cartilage tissue were observed with morphological staining,and Nav1.7 mRNA expression and the protein expression levels of Nav1.7,MMP-3,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect Nav1.7 expression in the chondrocytes.In cultured KOA chondrocytes,the effect of TGXTC and lentivirus-mediated Nav1.7 knockdown on MMP-3,MMP-13,ADAMTS-4,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 protein expressions were assessed with Western blotting.Results In KOA mice treatments with TGXTC and diclofenac sodium both significantly alleviated structural damage of the cartilage layer,reduced Nav1.7 protein and mRNA expressions and lowered the expressions of MMP-3,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 proteins in the cartilage tissues.FISH results indicated that TGXTC treatment significantly reduced IL-1β-induced Nav1.7 expression in the chondrocytes.In Nav1.7 knockdown experiment,Nav1.7 levels were significantly lower in IL-1β+sh-Nav1.7 group than in IL-1β group,and also lower in IL-1β+TGXTC group than in IL-1β+sh-Nav1.7+TGXTC group.TGXTC treatment significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced elevation of MMP-3,MMP-13,ADAMTS-4,ADAMTS-5 and COX-2 protein expressions in the chondrocytes,but its effects were strongly weakened by Nav1.7 knockdown.Conclusion TGXTC alleviates extracellular matrix metabolic disorder in KOA chondrocytes by regulating Nav1.7,thereby mitigating chondrocyte degeneration in KOA mice.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Tougu Xiaotong Capsule(TGXTC)alleviates chondrocyte degeneration in knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods Thirty 2-month-old C57BL/6 mouse models of KOA established using the Hulth method were randomized into model group,TGXTC group,and diclofenac sodium group and received treatment with saline,TGXTC(368 mg/kg),and diclofenac sodium(10 mg/kg)by gavage,respectively,with another 10 untreated mice as the blank control group.All interventions were administered 6 times a week for 4 weeks.After the treatments,structural changes in the cartilage tissue were observed with morphological staining,and Nav1.7 mRNA expression and the protein expression levels of Nav1.7,MMP-3,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 were detected using RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to detect Nav1.7 expression in the chondrocytes.In cultured KOA chondrocytes,the effect of TGXTC and lentivirus-mediated Nav1.7 knockdown on MMP-3,MMP-13,ADAMTS-4,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 protein expressions were assessed with Western blotting.Results In KOA mice treatments with TGXTC and diclofenac sodium both significantly alleviated structural damage of the cartilage layer,reduced Nav1.7 protein and mRNA expressions and lowered the expressions of MMP-3,ADAMTS-5,and COX-2 proteins in the cartilage tissues.FISH results indicated that TGXTC treatment significantly reduced IL-1β-induced Nav1.7 expression in the chondrocytes.In Nav1.7 knockdown experiment,Nav1.7 levels were significantly lower in IL-1β+sh-Nav1.7 group than in IL-1β group,and also lower in IL-1β+TGXTC group than in IL-1β+sh-Nav1.7+TGXTC group.TGXTC treatment significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced elevation of MMP-3,MMP-13,ADAMTS-4,ADAMTS-5 and COX-2 protein expressions in the chondrocytes,but its effects were strongly weakened by Nav1.7 knockdown.Conclusion TGXTC alleviates extracellular matrix metabolic disorder in KOA chondrocytes by regulating Nav1.7,thereby mitigating chondrocyte degeneration in KOA mice.

The incidence of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture (OTLVF) in the elderly is gradually increasing. The kyphotic deformity caused by various factors has become an important characteristic of OTLVF and has received increasing attention. Its clinical manifestations include pain, delayed nerve damage, sagittal imbalance, etc. Currently, the definition and diagnosis of OTLVF with kyphotic deformity in the elderly are still unclear. Although there are many treatment options, they are controversial. Existing guidelines or consensuses pay little attention to this type of fracture with kyphotic deformity. To this end, the Lumbar Education Working Group of the Spine Branch of the Chinese Medicine Education Association and Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized the experts in the relevant fields to jointly develop Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures with kyphotic deformity in the elderly ( version 2024), based on evidence-based medical advancements and the principles of scientificity, practicality, and advanced nature, which provided 18 recommendations to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of colorectal cancer in Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2021, so as to provide insights into colorectal cancer control. Methods: Residents registered in Yongjia County at ages of 50 to 74 years were sampled, and positive populations were screened using Zhejiang Provincial Questionnaires for Assessment of Risk of Colorectal Cancer Screening among High-risk Populations and fecal occult blood test, and those positive for questionnaires or fecal occult blood test served as a positive screening. Residents with a positive screening underwent colonoscopy, and the detection of high-risk lesions (colorectal cancer and pericancer lesions) was analyzed among those positive for questionnaires, fecal occult blood test and screening. Results: Totally 102 504 residents were tested, and 46 138 (45.01%) residents completed questionnaire surveys and fecal occult blood tests. The rate of positive screening was 21.10%, and the rate of positive questionnaire surveys was 7.13%, while the positive rate of fecal occult blood test was 15.16%. The rate of positive screening was significantly higher in men than in women (27.06% vs. 17.14%; (χ2=654.747, P<0.001), and there was an age-specific proportion of positive screening (χ2=418.264, P<0.001), with high prevalence seen in residents at ages of 65 to 69 years (26.43%) and 70 to 74 years (24.98%). Colonoscopy was performed among 2 966 residents, with a compliance rate of 30.47%, and colonoscopy detected 348 residents with high-risk lesions, including 317 cases with pericancer lesions and 31 cases with colorectal cancer, with 11.73% detection of high-risk lesions and 1.05% detection of colorectal cancer. The prevalence of high-risk lesions was significantly higher in men with positive screening than in women with positive screening (15.77% vs. 7.59%; χ2=47.915, P<0.001), and there was a significant difference in the detection of high-risk lesions among residents with positive screening at different age groups (χ2=25.909, P<0.001), with a high detection in residents at ages of 65 to 69 years (14.32%) and 70 to 74 years (15.49%). Conclusions The prevalence of high-risk lesions of colorectal cancer is 11.73% among residents living in Yongjia County at ages of 50 to 74 years, and men and the elderly at ages of 65 years and older are high-risk populations for colorectal cancer. Improving the awareness of colorectal cancer prevention knowledge and the compliance of colorectal cancer screening is recommended.

Objective:To develop a curriculum integration attitude assessment scale for students in nursing school of China and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The first draft of scale was developed with the methods of literature review and Delphi technique. From June to November 2018, we selected 575 interns from three nursing schools undergoing curriculum integration in Heilongjiang Province as respondents by convenience sampling. The reliability and validity of this scale were tested.Results:The curriculum integration attitude assessment scale for nursing students included three dimensions and 20 items. The content validity index of the total scale was 0.943 and that of items ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors including value tendency, participation tendency and emotional tendency with 77.602% for the cumulative variance contribution.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the total scale was 0.928 and that of dimensions ranged from 0.942 to 0.954; the Spearman-Brown coefficient of the total scale was 0.879 and that of dimensions ranged from 0.921 to 0.933; the test-retest reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.789 and that of dimensions ranged from 0.549 to 0.779.Conclusions:The curriculum integration attitude assessment scale for nursing students has high reliability and validity which can be used to assess nursing students' attitude with curriculum integration so as to provide a scientific basis for further optimize curriculum system and a reference for similar teaching assessment.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglio-side Injection (CPCGI) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=10), model group (n=10), CPCGI low dosage group (n=10) and high dosage group (n=10), and control group (Ginkgo biloba extract, n=10). All the rats was subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for two hours and reperfusion except sham group, and received treatment for fourteen days once reperfusion started. They were tested with modified Neurological Severity Score one, three, seven and fourteen days after MCAO, and adhesive-removal test and beam-walking test fourteen days after MCAO. The expression of Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the Neurological Severity Score reduced (P<0.05) and the time crossing the beam reduced (P<0.01) in all the medical groups fourteen days after MCAO, and the time removing the adhesive paper reduced in the CPCGI groups (P<0.01). The expression of Beclin1 and Parkin decreased and the PINK1 level increased in the model group (P<0.01), and it was reversed in all the CPCGI groups (P<0.05). Conclusion CPCGI could relieve the cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion injury in rats through the regulation in mitophagy.

BACKGROUND:There is a great dispute on the choice of repair materials for ossicular chain damage.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of new hydroxyapatite-bone morphogenetic protein ossicular prosthesis versus al ogeneic cartilage ossicular prosthesis in patients with ossicular chain damage.
METHODS:Sixty patients with chronic otitis media were equal y assigned into a control group and a test group. Two groups of patients underwent tympanoplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction with al ogeneic cartilage ossicular prosthesis or hydroxyapatite-bone morphogenetic protein ossicular prosthesis, respectively. Twelve months after surgery, fol ow-up results were compared between two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Air conduction value and air-bone gap value were both improved significantly in the two groups after surgery (P<0.05), and especial y, the postoperative air conduction value was better in the test group than the control group (P<0.05). Implant detachment was found in three cases of the control group, whereas did not occur in the test group. Improved hearing was found in 28 cases in the test group with an improvement rate of 93%and 25 cases in the control group with an improvement rate of 83%. There was a significant difference in the hearing improvement between the two groups (P<0.05). Overal , two kinds of prostheses can share similar effects on the ossicular chain repair.
Subject headings:Tympanoplasty;Otitis Media;Bone Morphogenetic Proteins;Tissue Engineering