Objective To analyze the current epidemic status of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) in China, providing reference data for the prevention and control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Methods Surveillance data on soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China from 2017 to 2022 were collected and statistically analyzed to investigate the infection status, infection trends, and spatial autocorrelation. Results　From 2017 to 2022, the average annual infection rate (AAIR) of soil-transmitted helminthiasis was 1.12% (25 123/2 251 632), with hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm having AAIRs of 0.70%, 0.26%, and 0.20% (15 827 cases, 5 836 cases and 4 586 cases), respectively. The infection rate of soil-transmitted helminths decreased annually by an average of 17.16% (AAPC =-17.16, P=0.007), with annual decreases in the infection rates of hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm being 14.70%, 22.13%, and 20.56%, respectively (AAPC=-14.70, P=0.025; AAPC=-22.13, P=0.015; AAPC =-20.56, P=0.029). The spatial distribution of hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm exhibited spatial positive correlation (Moran's I=0.09, P=0.121; Moran's I=0.46, P=0.001; Moran's I=0.23, P=0.013), with roundworm showing the highest spatial aggregation. The AAIRs of males and females were 1.03% (11 308/1 100 016) and 1.20% (13 851/1 149 286), respectively, with statistical significance (χ2=154.19, P<0.001). The highest AAIR was 1.85% (10 949/590 621) in individuals over 60 years old, with statistical significance across different age groups (χ2=4426.44, P<0.001). Hookworm, roundworm, and whipworm were mainly mild infections. The average annual positive rates of soil ascaris eggs and hookworms were 4.06% (649/15 984) and 2.45%(391/15 984), respectively, with statistical significance (χ2=66.16,P<0.001). 　Conclusions The infection rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in China is relatively low and shows a downward trend. Yet, there are local high-prevalence areas, with the elderly and females being the risk-prone populations. Comprehensive measures including expanding the monitoring scope, innovating monitoring technology, and promoting the rural toilet revolution are necessary to block the spread of soil-transmitted helminthiasis further.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the incidence trends and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of dengue fever in China based on the data from the China Disease Control Information System and the "National Statutory Infectious Disease Epidemic Overview" published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of dengue fever epidemics. Methods The incidence rates and monthly case numbers of dengue fever in China from 2015 to 2023 were collected. Provinces were classified according to the severity of the epidemic and the distribution status of the Aedes vector. The incidence trends, seasonal distribution, and spatial aggregation of dengue fever in China were statistically analyzed. Results The top five provinces with the highest average annual incidence rates from 2015 to 2023 were Yunnan (6.16/100 000), Guangdong (1.70/100 000), Hainan (1.13/100 000), Fujian (1.13/100 000), and Chongqing (0.74/100 000). The average annual incidence rate of dengue fever in China increased by 70.79% from 2015 to 2019 (AAPC=70.79, P=0.045). In Class Ⅰ regions, the incidence of Guangxi and Hainan showed a linear regression trend, with average annual increases of 844.73% (AAPC=844.73, P=0.021) and 516.51% (AAPC=516.51, P=0.013), respectively. In Class Ⅱ regions, except for Shanghai, the incidence of other provinces showed a linear regression trend, with Jiangxi having the highest average annual increase of 610.16% (AAPC=610.16, P=0.021), followed by Chongqing at 345.12% (AAPC=345.12, P=0.038). In Class Ⅲ regions, the incidence of Hebei, Shanxi, and Liaoning had a linear regression trend, with average annual increases of 80.67% (AAPC=80.67, P=0.028), 202.31% (AAPC=202.31, P=0.001), and 70.19% (AAPC=70.19, P=0.031), respectively. The epidemic of dengue fever showed no obvious seasonality in 2021, strict seasonality in 2022, and strong seasonality in the rest of the years. The epidemic peak days were mostly concentrated in the middle and late September to early October of each year, and the epidemic peak periods were mainly concentrated in August-early November. From 2015 to 2018, the incidence rate had no spatial aggregation nationwide, and the incidence rate in 2019 had spatial aggregation nationwide. In 2015-2019 and 2023, there were no high-low gathering areas in the country, and high-high gathering areas appeared in 2018 (Fujian, Hainan) and 2019 (Guangxi). Conclusions The situation of dengue fever prevention and control in China is grim. High-risk epidemic areas of dengue fever will no longer be limited to Class Ⅰ provinces, and the risk of expansion to Class Ⅱ provinces is increasing.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human infection with avian influenza A(H3N8) virus and the molecular biological characteristics of the pathogen, and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza A(H3N8) virus.Methods:An epidemiological investigation was conducted for a case of human infection with avian influenza A(H3N8) virus in Changsha in May 2022 to collect the information about exposure history, route of infection, onset and treatment, potential contacts and other possible exposures for a descriptive analysis. Nucleic acid detection and gene sequencing were used to detect the pathogen and analyze the genetic characteristics.Results:The case had a history of exposure to live poultry trading market 6 days before the onset of illness. Subtypes H3 and N8 of avian influenza virus were detected in live poultry markets. Deep gene sequencing showed that the virus had adaptive mutations in mammals, reduced sensitivity to alkamine agent, and no resistance mutations related to neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors were detected.Conclusion:The case was infected due to exposure to the live poultry market environment contaminated by avian influenza A(H3N8) virus, and no human to human transmission was found.

AIM:To investigate the effects of eplerenone (Epl) on thyroid hormone (T3) induced myocardial electrical remodeling .METHODS:The ventricles of 1~3 d neonatal rats were digested with 0.125%trypsin and 0.08%collagenase type 2.The cell suspension was replated for 90 min to reduce the proportion of non-myocardial cells.The isola-ted cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into control group , T3 group, Epl group and T3+Epl group.The cardiomyocytes were identified by immunofluorescence staining .The viability of the cardiomyocytes was measured by CCK-8 assay.The ex-pression of Kv1.5, Kv4.3, Cav1.2, connexin 40 (Cx40) and Cx43 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by immu-nofluorescence staining , real-time PCR and Western blot .RESULTS:The results of the cell immunofluorescence labeling conformed that the cultured cells were cardiomyocytes with more than 95%positive staining of sarcomeric α-actinin.Com-pared with control group , the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.5, Kv4.3, Cav1.2 and Cx40 were increased, but the ex-pression of Cx43 was decreased in T3 group.The mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.5, Kv4.3, Cav1.2 and Cx40 were de-creased, but the expression of Cx43 was increased in Eplerenone group .Compared with T3 group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Kv1.5, Kv4.3, Cav1.2 and Cx40 were decreased, but the expression of Cx43 was increased in T3+Epl group.CONCLUSION:Eplerenone partly reverses T3-induced myocardial electrical remodeling .

A new series of 2-(5-methyl-2,3-dioxoindolin-1-yl)acetamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsive activity in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-evoked convulsion model and antidepressant activity in the forced swimming test (FST) model. Eleven synthesized compounds were found to be protective against PTZ-induced seizure and showed the anticonvulsant activity. In addition, four of the synthesized compounds (4l, 4m, 4p and 4q) showed potent antidepressant-like activity. Among these compounds, compound 4l was found to have the most potent antidepressant-like activity, and significantly reduced the duration of immobility time at 100 mg/kg dose level when compared to the vehicle control, which is similar to the reference drug fluoxetine.

Objective To analyze the transmission pattern of Chikungunya (CHIK) fever in community and evaluate the effectiveness of mosquito control, case isolation and other key control measures by using ordinary differential equation (ODE) model.Methods According to natural history of CHIK, an ODE model for the epidemiological anaysis of CHIK outbreak was established.The key parameters of the model were obtained by fitting the model with reported outbreak data of the first CHIK outbreak in China.Then the outbreak characteristics without intervention, the effectiveness of mosquito control and case isolation were simulated.Results Without intervention, an imported case would cause an outbreak in a community with population of 11 000, and cumulative case number would exceed 941 when the total attack rate was 8.55％.The results of our simulation revealed that the effectiveness of case isolation was not perfect enough when it was implemented alone.Although the number of cases could be decreased by case isolation, the duration of outbreak would not be shortened.Differently, the effectiveness of mosquito control was remarkable.In addition, the earlier the measure was implemented, the better the effectiveness would be.The effectiveness of mosquito control plus case isolation was same with mosquito control.Conclusion To control a CHIK outbreak, mosquito control is the most recommended measures.However, case isolation is also necessary as the supplementation of mosquito control.