Objective To investigate the characteristics of thickness changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)and identify related risk factors in patients with Moyamoya disease(MMD).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 150 MMD patients(150 eyes)aged 6-65 years admitted to the Neurosurgery Department of the Fifth Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital from May 2016 to December 2023(observation group),and 150 age-matched healthy volunteers(150 eyes)from the hospital's ophthalmology outpatient department(control group).Both groups were subdivided into pediatric(≤18 years),young adult(18-40 years),and middle-aged(40-65 years)subgroups.The pRNFL thickness in four quadrants was measured by optical coherence tomography(OCT):superior(pRNFL-Sup),inferior(pRNFL-Inf),nasal(pRNFL-Nas),temporal(pRNFL-Tmp),and average thickness(pRNFL-Avg).General clinical data and pRNFL thickness were compared between two groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pRNFL thinning in MMD patients.The cohort was randomly divided into training(n=210)and validation(n=90)sets at a 7:3 ratio.A predictive model for pRNFL thinning in MMD patients was constructed based on logistic regression results.Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),and clinical utility was assessed via decision curve analysis.Results Compared with control group,MMD patients exhibited significantly reduced pRNFL-Avg,pRNFL-Sup,pRNFL-Tmp,and pRNFL-Inf thickness(P<0.05 or P<0.001),while pRNFL-Nas showed no significant difference(P>0.05).In the pediatric subgroup,pRNFL-Avg and pRNFL-Inf were thinner(P<0.05).In the young adult subgroup,pRNFL-Avg and pRNFL-Sup were reduced(P<0.001 or P<0.05).In the middle-aged subgroup,pRNFL-Avg,pRNFL-Sup,pRNFL-Inf,and pRNFL-Tmp were all thinner(P<0.05 or P<0.001).Multivariate logistic regression identified visual field defects(OR=15.28,95%CI 2.95-79.10),disease duration(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.05-1.18),and the number of involved cerebral vessels(OR=1.49,95%CI 1.01-2.22)as independent risk factors for pRNFL thinning.The predictive model achieved AUC of 0.94(95%CI 0.91-0.97)and 0.95(95%CI 0.91-0.99)in the training and validation sets,respectively.Decision curve analysis confirmed the model's favorable clinical net benefit.Conclusion Thinning of pRNFL was observed in Moyamoya disease patients with visual field defects,disease duration,and cerebral vascular involvement identified as independent risk factors for pRNFL atrophy.

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

Objective To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of miR-202 on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte .Methods Through lentivirus infected with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes , we set up the AMO-miR-202 group and the random control group , then, these cells were induced to differentiate , nine days later, differentiation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and we examined the mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and aP2 by RT-PCR method. We examined the mRNA expression of PPARγ2,aP2 and PGC1βby Western blot method .Results After packa-ging lentivirus with AMO-miR-202 and random sequence control miRNA through cell line 293T, 80%-90%cells with fluorescence were found under fluorescence microscope; After these two lentivirus respectively infected with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, About 70%-80%cells with fluorescence were found under fluorescence microscope .Oil Red O staining test showed that these cells with Oil Red O stained bright red fat droplets of AMO-miR-202 group and PPARγ2 and aP2 mRNA expression in the AMO-miR-202 group significantly lower than control groups (P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that the protein expression of PGC 1βin the AMO-miRNA-202 group was significantly increased(P<0.05), but the expression of aP 2 and PPARγ2 was significantly decreased (P<0.01).However, the random control group and the adipocyte group had no significant effect on the above indexes .Conclusions miR-202 can promote the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte by inhibiting the protein expression of PGC 1βand im-proving the protein expression of PPARγ2 and aP2.

objective To explore the role of Xanthatin in the targets of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process using molecular docking method,and the effect on the target protein expression of HepG2 cells was detected by Western assay.Method Dhs,Vimentin,Snail and VEGFR3 are critical targets in EMT process,the spatial binding ability of Xanthium was evaluated by molecular docking method,compared with the corresponding endogenous substances:nicotinarnide adenine dinucleotide,Acetate ion,flavin adenine dinucleotide,and N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine.HepG2 cells were cultured,and the effects of Xanthatin of 1,5 and 20 mol/L concentrations on Dhs,Vimentin,Snail and VEGFR3 protein expression were detected by Western Blotting assay.Rusult Molecular docking show that Xanthatin has obvious affinity to key factors of EMT process such as Dhs,Vimentin,and VEGF-R3,higher than that of endogenous substance;and the affinity with Vimentin was less than that of endogenous substance;Western Blotting experiments proved the virtual results.The expression of Vimentin,Snail,VEGFR3 protein was significantly lowered,and the expression of e-cadherin was significantly raised.Conclusion The influence of Xanthatin to key factor e-cadherin,Vimentin,Snail,VEGFR3 are obvious,Which is likely to be a potential target.The results of computer virtual experiment and Western Blotting have certain similarity.Molecular virtual docking can pre hint the potential target factor.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze and compare the prognosis and the prognostic factors of combined small cell lung cancer (CSCLC) and pure small cell lung cancer (PSCLC) retrospectively. Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics of the 343 small cell lung cancer patients who were diagnosed in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between January 2006 and December 2012 were collected and reviewed. Survival analysis was performed and prognostic factors were assessed. Results:The median OS (overall survival) and PFS (progression free survival) of CSCLC were 31 and 21 months, respectively, and the median OS and PFS of PSCLC were 15 and 9 months, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that the prognosis of CSCLC was significantly better compared with that of PSCLC. COX analysis showed that disease stage, pathology, and therapy were indepen-dent prognostic factors of small cell lung cancer. Univariate analysis indicated that the small cell lung cancer group benefited from the surgery, particularly the CSCLC. NLR , therapy, and disease stage influenced the prognosis of PSCLC, and disease stage and therapy in-fluenced the prognosis of CSCLC. Multivariate analysis revealed that disease stage and therapy were independent risk factors of CSCLC in regard to OS. Conclusion:The prognosis of CSCLC was better compared with that of PSCLC. Limited-stage small cell lung cancer should undergo surgery, particularly the CSCLC.

BACKGROUNDA satisfactory animal model of breast cancer metastasizing to bone is unavailable. In this study, we used human breast cancer stem-like cells and human bone to build a novel "human-source" model of human breast cancer skeletal metastasis.

METHODSHuman breast cancer stem-like cells, the CD44+/CD24-/lower subpopulation, was separated and cultured. Before injection with the stem-like cells, mice were implanted with human bone in the right or left dorsal flanks. Animals in Groups A, B, and C were injected with 1 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) human breast cancer stem-like cells, and 1 x 10(6) parental MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. A positive control group (D) without implantation of human bone was also injected with 1 x 10(6) MDA-MB-231 cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed for determination of CD34, CD105, smooth muscle antibody, CD44, CD24, cytokine, CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), and osteopontin (OPN). mRNA levels of CD44, CD24, CXCR4, and OPN in bone metastasis tissues were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSOur results demonstrated that cells in implanted human bones of group B, which received 1 x 10(6) cancer stem-like cells, stained strongly positive for CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, whereas those of other groups showed no or minimum staining. Moreover, group B had the highest incidence of human bone metastasis (77.8%, P = 0.0230) and no accompaniment of other tissue metastasis. The real-time PCR showed an increase of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN mRNA in metastatic bone tissues in group B compared with those of groups C and D, however the expression of CD24 mRNA in group B were the lowest.

CONCLUSIONSIn the novel "human source" model of breast cancer, breast cancer stem-like cells demonstrated a higher human bone-seeking ability. Its mechanism might be related to the higher expressions of CD44, CXCR4, and OPN, and the lower expression of CD24 in breast cancer stem-like cells.

Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; CD24 Antigen ; analysis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; analysis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; pathology ; Osteopontin ; analysis ; Phenotype ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; analysis

Purpose:In order to investigate the effects of repair of arteriovenous fistula on heart function soas to widen the range of the indication of allogenetic transplantation of kidney. Methods :Repair of arteriovenousfistula was performed in 8 patients who have received long term hemodialysis and then complicated with repeatedattack of heart failure 5 months before renal transplantation. Results:There are 7 patients had their cardiac cham-bers returned to normal, and 1 returned to normal upper limit. Renal transplantation was successfully performedin 6 patients, but death occurred in 1 case resulting from liver function failure. Superacute rejection and sponta-neous rupture of the kidney occurred in 1 patient. Conclusions:It is considered that the repair of arteriovenous fis-tula before renal transplantation is beneficial to improvement of heart function in these patients so as to widen therange of operative indications and create favourable condition for renal transplantation and decrease complica-tions. Color doppler sonography is of great value in monitoring pre-and postoperative heart function.