The inflammatory effect of dietary is strongly related to the development of cancer,therefore,the diet-related inflammatory index was developed as a methodological tool to investigate the relationship between dietary,inflammation and tumors.In this paper,we summarized the results on diet-related inflammatory indices and common cancers of the digestive system based on relevant cancer epidemiological studies.The available epidemiological evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies,with the strongest association with colorectal cancer,followed by esophageal and gastric cancers,and then pancreatic cancer,and the least evidence of studies with liver cancer.Among these studies,the level of evidence for esophageal cancer is lower than colorectal cancer,the study of gastric cancer has gender differences and problems in adjusting for confounders,and the study of pancreatic cancer has heterogeneous results.In view of the current research progress and deficiencies,prospective studies or population-based cohort studies,as well as strengthening nutritional epidemiological studies related to common tumors such as liver cancer could be considered in the future.This review is expecting to provide basic information and scientific basis for strengthening the related healthy eating behavior promotion in the prevention and control of digestive system tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of postoperative radiotherapy and high-risk pathological factors on the prognosis of early-stage neuroendocrine carcinoma of cervix (NECC). Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of early-stage NECC in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2011 to April 2022 were enrolled. The patients were treated with radical hysterectomy±adjuvant treatment. They were divided into postoperative non-radiation group and postoperative radiation group. The possible postoperative recurrence risk factors identified by univariate analysis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), recurrence rate, and mortality rate. Results: (1) Sixty-two cases were included in the study, including 33 cases in postoperative non-radiation group and 29 cases in postoperative radiation group. (2) The median follow-up time was 37 months (ranged 12-116 months), with 23 cases (37%) experienced recurrences. There were 7 cases (11%) pelvic recurrences and 20 cases (32%) distant recurrences, in which including 4 cases (6%) both pelvic and distant recurrences. Compared with postoperative non-radiation group, the postoperative radiation group had a lower pelvic recurrence rate (18% vs 3%; P=0.074) but without statistic difference, a slightly elevated distant recurrence rate (24% vs 41%; P=0.150) and overall recurrence rate (33% vs 41%; P=0.513) without statistically significances. Univariate analysis showed that lymph-vascular space invasion and the depth of cervical stromal invasion≥1/2 were risk factors for postoperative recurrence (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed lymph-vascular space invasion was an independent predictor for postoperative recurrence (OR=23.03, 95%CI: 3.55-149.39, P=0.001). (3) During the follow-up period, 18 cases (29%, 18/62) died with tumor, with 10 cases (30%, 10/33) in postoperative non-radiation group and 8 cases (28%, 8/29) in postoperative radiation group, without significant difference (P=0.814). The postoperative 3-year and 5-year survival rate was 79.2%, 60.8%. The depth of cervical stromal invasion≥1/2 was more common in postoperative radiation group (27% vs 64%; P=0.011), and postoperative radiation in such patients showed an extended trend in PFS (32.3 vs 53.9 months) and OS (39.4 vs 73.4 months) but without statistic differences (P=0.704, P=0.371). Compared with postoperative non-radiation group, the postoperative radiation did not improve PFS (54.5 vs 37.3 months; P=0.860) and OS (56.2 vs 62.4 months; P=0.550) in patients with lymph-vascular space invasion. Conclusions: Postoperative radiation in early-stage NECC patients has a trend to reduce pelvic recurrence but not appear to decrease distant recurrence and overall recurrence, and has not improved mortality. For patients with the depth of cervical stromal invasion≥1/2, postoperative radiation has a trend of prolonging OS and PFS but without statistic difference. Lymph-vascular space invasion is an independent predictor for postoperative recurrence, but postoperative radiation in such patients does not seem to have any survival benefits.
Female ; Humans ; Cervix Uteri/surgery* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/surgery* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/surgery* ; Recurrence

Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) is one of the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and its catalytic activity is important for the synthesis of plant anthocyanin. In this study, specific primers were designed according to the transcriptome data of Lonicera japonica Thunb., and the CDS, gDNA and promoter sequences of ANR genes from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and Lonicera japonica Thunb. var. chinensis (Wats.) Bak. were cloned. The results showed that the CDS sequences of LjANR and rLjANR were 1 002 bp, the gDNA sequences were 2 017 and 2 026 bp respectively, and the promoter sequences were 1 170 and 1 164 bp respectively. LjANR and rLjANR both contain 6 exons and 5 introns, which have the same length of exons and large differences in introns. The promoter sequences both contain a large number of light response, hormone response and abiotic stress response elements. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both LjANR and rLjANR encoded 333 amino acids and were predicted to be stable hydrophobic proteins without transmembrane segments and signal peptides. The secondary structures of LjANR and rLjANR were predicted to be mainly consisted of α-helix and random coil. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that LjANR and rLjANR had high homology with Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis, Camellia sinensis and Camellia oleifera, and were closely related to them. The expression levels of LjANR and rLjANR were the highest in flower buds and the lowest in roots. The expression patterns at different flowering stages were similar, with higher expression levels in S1 and S2 stages and then gradually decreased until reaching the lowest level in S4 stage, after a slow increase in S5 stage, the expression levels decreased again. The expression levels of ANR genes in the two varieties showed significant differences in roots, S2 and S5 stages, while the differences in stems, flower buds, S1, S3 and S6 stages were extremely significant. The prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LjANR was constructed for protein expression. The target protein was successfully expressed of about 59 kD. This study lays a foundation for further study on the function of ANR gene and provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties of Lonicera japonica Thunb.

Objective To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of fibrous dysplasia of bone admitted to a single center in the past 30 years. Methods We analyzed the clinical features of 744 patients with bone fibrous dysplasia diagnosed by pathology, including age, gender, disease location, monostotic or polyostotic lesions, pathological fracture and malignant transformation. Results There were 1183 lesions in 744 patients. The mean age at admission was 31.1±13.5 years old. The ratio of male to female was close to 1:1. The most common site was the lower extremities (916(77.4%)), followed by the upper extremities (106(9.0%)). The most common sites of lower extremities were the femur (645(54.5%)) and the tibia (224(18.9%)). Polyostotic cases accounted for 25.4%, and monostotic cases accounted for 74.6%. Pathological fracture occurred in 163 (13.8%) patients. There were 6 (0.8%) patients with malignant transformation. The mean age was 40.5 years old. The mean time of malignant transformation was 7.7 years. Conclusion Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a rare group of benign bone tumors, with typical epidemiological and clinical features.

Objective To determine the prosthesis survival and limb function after revision of global modular replacement system (GMRS) tumor prosthesis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 16 patients who developed aseptic loosening of lower extremity tumor prosthesis and subsequently received revision with GMRS from 2009 to 2012. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the 5- and 8-year survival rates of the prosthesis. The MSTS function scale was used to evaluate the functional outcomes. Results The average follow-up time was 90 months (52-118 months). The 5- and 8-year survival rates of GMRS prosthesis were both 94%. After revision, two patients failed, including one case of infection and one case of repeated aseptic loosening. The average interval between the first joint replacement and revision surgery was 81 months (27-187 months). Until the last follow-up, 93.3%(14/15) of the patients did not develop repeated aseptic loosening, 85.7%(12/14) of the patients who underwent GMRS revision had a longer loosening-free survival than those with the primary joint replacement (90.6±19.3 vs. 43.4±29.7 months, P=0.001). The average MSTS functional score was 27.7(24-30). Conclusion The incidence of repeated aseptic loosening for GMRS prosthesis is low and the limb function is good. The reported technique is satisfactory in the middle and long term.

Objective:To analyze the changes in biological characteristics including infectivity, growth and pathogenicity of Chlamydia muridarum ( Cm) after serial passage in vitro in special conditions in order to provide reference for screening attenuated live vaccines and virulence-related genes. Methods:Wild-type Cm strain (G0) was cultured for several passages using conventional cell culture method under alternate unassisted and assisted culture conditions. Then, the 28th generation (G28) of Cm was selected and compared with the parental G0 strain in terms of centrifugation dependence, attaching ability, intracellular growth curve, plaque size and fallopian tube lesions after genital tract infection in a mouse model. Results:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly decreased dependence on centrifugation during cell infection ( P<0.05) and increased attachment capacity to cells ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the growth curves 32 h after cell infection or in the plaque sizes between the parental G0 and G28 strains. In the in vivo virulence test, fallopian tube lesions were observed in 87.5% of G0-infected mice and 37.5% of G28-infected mice ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the parental G0 strain, the G28 strain showed significantly enhanced in vitro infection ability, but decreased in vivo pathogenicity, which brought hope for further identification of virulence genes, isolation of attenuated strains with single genotype and development of live attenuated Chlamydia vaccines.

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be fused to identify the tumor boundaries. This enables surgeons to set close but tumor-free surgical margins and excise the tumor more precisely. This study aimed to report our experience in performing computer navigation-aided joint-preserving resection and custom-made endoprosthesis reconstruction to treat bone sarcoma in the diaphysis and metaphysis of the femur and tibia. METHODS: Between September 2008 and December 2015, 24 patients with bone sarcomas underwent surgical resection and joint-sparing reconstruction under image-guided computer navigation. The cohort comprised 16 males and eight females with a median age of 19.5 years (range: 12-48 years). The tumor location was the femoral diaphysis in three patients, distal femur in 19, and proximal tibia in two. The tumors were osteosarcoma (n = 15), chondrosarcoma (n = 3), Ewing sarcoma (n = 3), and other sarcomas (n = 3). We created a pre-operative plan for each patient using navigation system software and performed navigation-aided resection before reconstructing the defect with a custom-made prosthesis with extracortical plate fixation. RESULTS: Pathological examination verified that all resected specimens had appropriate surgical margins. The median distance from the tumor resection margin to the joint was 30 mm (range: 13-80 mm). The median follow-up duration was 62.5 months (range: 24-134 months). Of the 24 patients, 21 remain disease free, one is alive with disease, and two died of the disease. One patient developed local recurrence. Complications requiring additional surgical procedures occurred in six patients, including one with wound hematoma, one with delayed wound healing, one with superficial infection, one with deep infection, and two with mechanical failure of the prosthesis. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score at the final follow-up was 91% (range: 80%-100%). The 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 91.3% and 79.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Computer navigation-aided joint-preserving resection and custom-made endoprosthesis reconstruction with extracortical plate fixation is a reliable surgical treatment option for bone sarcoma in the diaphysis and metaphysis of the femur and tibia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Computers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Osteosarcoma ; Prostheses and Implants ; Sarcoma ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of proximal tibial hemiprosthesis replacement in the first stage and prosthesis revision in the second stage in reducing the risk of length discrepancy of limbs in children with proximal tibial osteosarcoma. Methods: Between 2009 and 2013, 3 children with conventional osteosarcoma at the proximal tibia (stage ⅡB) were treated. There were 2 boys and 1 girl. They were 12, 13, and 13 years old, respectively. After 4 courses of preoperative chemotherapy, the proximal tumor segmental resection and proximal tibial hemiprosthesis replacement were performed. Then the patients underwent prosthetic revision in the second stage when they were 20, 17, and 17 years old, respectively. Results: All patients successfully completed two stages of operations. The length discrepancy of lower limb after the second stage operation were 19, 7, and 21 mm, respectively. Three patients were followed up 13, 3, and 27 months after the second stage operation, and the lower extremities functions were satisfactory. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was 26, 27, and 25, respectively. Conclusion: The proximal tibial hemiprosthesis replacement in the first stage combined with prosthesis revision in the second stage for treating the proximal tibia osteosarcoma in children can keep the distal femur growth ability, reduce the length discreapancy of lower limb, and obtain satisfactory stability and good function.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor derived from the skin and mucous membrane, the epidemiological data showed that the incidence of melanoma elevated rapidly in the last decade. Early lymph node metastasis is a distinguishing characteristic of melanoma. The assessment of regional lymph nodes is a vital factor for melanoma staging and comprehensive therapeutic strategies. The sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) plays an important role in this comprehensive diagnosis and treatment system. Completion lymph node dissection (CLND) with positive sentinel lymph node was accepted by traditional theories. But it has recently been questioned via the latest global clinical trial. CLND limited the benefit for melanoma specific survival. However, SLNB is the reliable procedure for staging and prognostic evaluation of melanoma patients with positive sentinel lymph node, and CLND can significantly improve the local control and decrease the regional recurrence according to the evidence-based medicine. The authors summary the recently correlational research of SLNB and CLND in melanoma in this review.