Objective To analyze the distribution of serum food specific immunoglobulin(Ig)E and IgG antibodies in patients with adverse food reactions in Qingdao area.Methods The specific IgE test results of 4 199 patients with suspected food allergy and the specific IgG test results of 741 patients with food intoler-ance were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2012 to 2022.A total of 4 199 pa-tients with suspected food allergy(2 308 males and 1 891 females)were enrolled in this study.According to the age,the patients were divided into infancy(＜1 year old)205 cases,early childhood(1-＜3 years old)1009 cases,childhood(3-＜14 years old)1 946 cases,adolescence(14-＜18 years old)99 cases,youth(18-＜40 years old)554 cases,middle age(40-＜65 years old)329 cases and old age(≥65 years old)57 cases.A to-tal of 741 patients with food intolerance(469 males and 272 females)were enrolled in this study.According to the age,the patients were divided into 81 cases in infancy(＜1 year old),298 cases in early childhood(1-＜3 years old)and 362 cases in childhood(3-＜14 years old).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the positive rates of IgE and IgG antibodies in serum of patients,and the positive rates of IgE and IgG antibodies in patients with different gender and age were compared.Results Egg white and cow's milk were the most sensitive foods in infants and young children.The positive rate of specific IgE antibody decreased gradually with the increase of age,and increased slightly in old age.The positive rate of specific IgE antibody in shrimp and crab increased first and then decreased with age,and it was higher in young and middle age.The tolerance of infants and children to meat and crustaceans was relatively strong,and the positive rate of food specific IgG to fish was higher than that to meat(P＜0.05).The positive rate of tomato-specific IgG was the highest in infancy and gradually decreased with age(P＜0.05).Conclusion With the increase of age and the change of dietary structure,the positive rate of food specific IgG antibody may change significantly.Clinicians should accurately grasp the epidemiological characteristics of food adverse reactions in this area,and adjust and optimize the diet structure of patients to make correct diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To describe the characteristics, etiology and patterns of outpatients and inpatients patients with moderate or severe valvular heart disease (VHD).Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. Outpatients and inpatients with moderate or severe VHD who underwent transthoracic echocardiography for first examination from 1 st January 2001 to 1 st January 2020 in Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University were enrolled. Data were collected from medical records and big data platform of Southwest Hospital. Characteristics of age and gender, etiology and types of VHD were descriptively analysed. Results:A total of 68 354 patients with moderate or severe VHD were enrolled. The age was 63 (50, 72) years. And 35 706 (52.24%) patients were female. (1) Age characteristics: There was similar age trend between male and female patients with moderate or severe VHD. The number of patients increased firstly and then decreased and reached its peak in the age group of 65-69 years old. The peak age of mitral stenosis patients was 45-49 years, which was earlier than that of whole patients with moderate or severe VHD. The median age of patients with bicuspid aortic valve was 42 years. (2) Gender characteristics: The proportion of tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis and valve surgery in female patients with moderate or severe VHD were higher than those in male patients. The proportion of aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve in male patients with moderate or severe VHD were significantly higher than those in female patients (all P<0.05). (3) Etiology: The proportion of rheumatic VHD was 13.07% (8 934/68 354), which was higher than that of degenerative VHD (0.67% (458/68 354)). (4) Types of VHD: Tricuspid regurgitation made contribution to the largest proportion with 60.72% (41 503/68 354), followed by mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, pulmonary regurgitation and aortic stenosis. Conclusions:There are certain regional characteristics in the prevalence of moderate or severe VHD in southwest China, suggesting different attention should be paid on the whole process of refined management of moderate or severe VHD.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of preoperative pelvic floor electromyography(EMG)parameters for the risk of urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 271 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy in the urology department of Peking University First Hospital from January 2020 to October 2022.The data included patient age,body mass index(BMI),international prostate symptom score(IPSS),prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels,Gleason score,type of surgery,urethral reconstruction,lymph node dis-section,nerve preservation,catheterization duration,D'Amico risk classification,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)score,Charlson comorbidity index,postoperative duration,prostate volume,and pelvic floor EMG parameters(pre-resting mean,fast muscle mean,and slow muscle mean scores).Independent risk factors affecting early postoperative urinary incontinence were identified through multiva-riate Logistic regression analysis.The predictive efficacy of pelvic floor EMG results was evaluated by cal-culating the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and the optimal threshold for early postoperative urinary incontinence was determined based on the Youden index and clinical signifi-cance.Results:The study included 271 prostate cancer patients,with an 81.9％rate of voluntary urinary control post-surgery.The median score for fast pelvic floor muscles was 23.5(18.2,31.6),and for slow muscles,it was 12.5(9.6,17.3).Among the patients,179(66.1％)did not preserve nerves,and 110(40.6％)underwent urethral reconstruction.Advanced age and low fast muscle scores were identified as independent risk factors for urinary incontinence.Patients aged ≤60 had 5.482 times the voluntary urinary control rate compared with those aged ≥70(95％CI:1.532-19.617,P＜0.05).There was a significant correlation between fast muscle scores and urinary incontinence recovery(OR=1.209,95％CI:1.132-1.291,P＜0.05).When the optimal threshold for preoperative fast muscle score was set at 18.5,the ROC sensitivity and specificity were 80.6％and 61.2％,respectively.Con-clusion:Preoperative pelvic floor EMG parameters show good predictive accuracy and clinical applicabili-ty for the risk of urinary incontinence after prostate cancer surgery.These parameters can be used for ear-ly identification of urinary incontinence risk,with age and fast muscle scores being important predictors.

Background::Findings on the association of genetic factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) survival are limited and inconsistent, and revealing the mechanism underlying their prognostic roles is of great importance. This study aimed to explore the relationship between functional genetic variations and the prognosis of CRC and further reveal the possible mechanism.Methods::We first systematically performed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Then, the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to filter out the survival-related eQTL target genes of CRC patients in two public datasets (TCGA and GSE39582 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database). The seven most potentially functional eQTL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with six survival-related eQTL target genes were genotyped in 907 Chinese CRC patients with clinical prognosis data. The regulatory mechanism of the survival-related SNP was further confirmed by functional experiments.Results::The rs71630754 regulating the expression of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 ( ERAP1) was significantly associated with the prognosis of CRC (additive model, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.88, P = 0.012). The results of dual-luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the A allele of the rs71630754 could increase the binding of transcription factor 3 (TCF3) and subsequently reduce the expression of ERAP1. The results of bioinformatic analysis showed that lower expression of ERAP1 could affect the tumor immune microenvironment and was significantly associated with severe survival outcomes. Conclusion::The rs71630754 could influence the prognosis of CRC patients by regulating the expression of the immune-related gene ERAP1. Trial Registration::No. NCT00454519 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/)

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) in patients with cervical cancer. Methods A total of 120 patients with cervical cancer were selected as the study subjects. Patients' data were collected and analyzed, with follow-up conducted until June 30, 2023. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were employed to identify prognostic factors. Results The median follow-up time for patients in this study was 61 months, with a median survival time of 52 months. During the follow-up period, 41 patients (34.17%) died. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 82.50% and 66.67%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) for PNI, mGPS, albumin (ALB), lymphocytes (LYM), C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophils (NEU) in predicting patient prognosis were 0.90, 0.81, 0.84, 0.86, 0.82, and 0.71, respectively. The optimal cutoff values were determined to be 41.80 for PNI, 0.50 points for mGPS, 34.25 g/L for ALB, 1.44×10⁹/L for LYM, 5.45×10⁹/L for CRP and 7.25 mg/L for NEU. Cox regression analysis indicated that PNI (HR=4.18, 95%CI=2.83 to 9.21, P=0.015), mGPS [HR=1.95, 95%CI=1.37 to 3.59, P < 0.001 (mGPS=1 point); HR=3.07, 95%CI=2.38 to 5.36, P < 0.001(mGPS=2 points)] and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging [HR=2.03, 95%CI=1.34 to 3.85, P=0.030(FIGO stage=stage Ⅲ); HR=3.46, 95%CI=2.15 to 6.62, P=0.003 (FIGO stage=stage Ⅳ)]were significant risk factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Conclusion PNI, mGPS and FIGO staging are important predictors of prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Attention to PNI and mGPS before treatment may help improve clinical outcomes.

Objective In this study,we retrospectively analyzed the imaging characteristics of dual-tracer 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)and 18F-flurodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)in metastatic prostate cancer(mPCa)patients.We analyzed the uptake modes of the dual tracers,explored clinical pathological parameters affecting the 18F-FDG uptake in the lesions,and evaluated their prognostic implications for prostate specific antigen progression-free survival(PSA-PFS).Methods A total of 41 mPCa patients who underwent dual-tracer PET/CT(68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG)scans between September 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively enrolled.One patient had negative uptake of both PSMA and FDG.According to the uptake patterns of the 2 tracers,the other patients,40 in total,were categorized in 2 groups,including group A consisting of 33 cases who showed PSMA and FDG dual and those who showed FDG only avidity,and group B consisting of 7 cases who showed PSMA avidity only.Comparative analyses of clinical pathological characteristics between group A and group B were conducted.The relationship between various parameters and PSA-PFS was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method.Results A total of 26 patients(63.4％)were diagnosed with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC),and 38 cases(92.7％)had a Gleason score of 8-9.Bone metastasis,the predominant type of distant metastasis,occurred in 36 cases(87.8％).The skeletal and distant lymph node metastases mostly showed a dual positive uptake pattern for both PSMA and FDG(85.7％[24/28]and 81.8％[9/11]).37.5％(3/8)of the metastases to organs showed FDG only positive uptake pattern.The serum levels of prostate specific antigen(PSA)in group A were significantly higher than those in group B(P=0.013).A total of 13 patients of special pathological classification(intraductal carcinoma and neuroendocrine differentiation)were all found to be in group A.Among the 41 cases,16 were lost to follow-up.Of the 25 patients who completed follow-up,9 patients,with a median PSA value of 104 ng/mL,experienced PSA progression,while the 16 other patients,with a median PSA of 0.34 ng/mL,did not incur any PSA progression.There was significant difference in the median PSA between patients showing PSA progression and those who did not show PSA progression(P＜0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the median PSA-PFS of patients of specific pathological classifications was 7 months,which was shorter than the 16 months of the patients with typical prostate cancer,with the difference between the two groups being statistically meaningful(P=0.043).The median PSA-PFS for group A was 30 months.With more than half of the patients in the group not experiencing any PSA progression,group B did not reach the median PSA-PFS(P=0.645).Conclusion Dual-tracer PET/CT imaging with 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG commonly exhibits avidity for both tracers in mPCa.Serum PSA level is a reliable biomarker for predicting FDG-positive lesions.mPCa presented with intraductal carcinoma and neuroendocrine differentiation tends to exhibit FDG avidity and is more susceptible to PSA progression.

The testis is pivotal for male reproduction, and its progressive functional decline in aging is associated with infertility. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying primate testicular aging remains largely elusive. Here, we resolve the aging-related cellular and molecular alterations of primate testicular aging by establishing a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas. Gene-expression patterns along the spermatogenesis trajectory revealed molecular programs associated with attrition of spermatogonial stem cell reservoir, disturbed meiosis and impaired spermiogenesis along the sequential continuum. Remarkably, Sertoli cell was identified as the cell type most susceptible to aging, given its deeply perturbed age-associated transcriptional profiles. Concomitantly, downregulation of the transcription factor Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1), essential for Sertoli cell homeostasis, was associated with accelerated cellular senescence, disrupted tight junctions, and a compromised cell identity signature, which altogether may help create a hostile microenvironment for spermatogenesis. Collectively, our study depicts in-depth transcriptomic traits of non-human primate (NHP) testicular aging at single-cell resolution, providing potential diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapeutic interventions against testicular aging and age-related male reproductive diseases.
Animals ; Male ; Testis ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism* ; Transcriptome ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Primates ; Aging/genetics* ; Stem Cells

Objective:This retrospective, single-center study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, in the management of relapse/refractory classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (R/R cHL) .Methods:A total of 35 patients with R/R cHL who received treatment at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from September 2016 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. Among them, 17 patients received PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy (PD-1 inhibitor group), while 18 patients received a combination of PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy (PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group). Clinical data and follow-up information were retrospectively analyzed, and survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.Results:The median age of the 35 patients with R/R cHL was 29 years (range: 11-61 years), with 54.3% being male. According to the Ann Arbor staging system, 62.9% of patients presented with advanced (stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ) disease, and 48.6% had extranodal involvement. Before PD-1 inhibitor therapy, the median number of prior lines of therapy was 2 (range: 1-3). Objective responses were observed in 28 patients, including 22 complete response (CR) cases, resulting in an overall response rate (ORR) of 80.0% and a CR rate of 62.9%. Specifically, the ORR and CR rates were 64.7% and 58.8%, respectively, in the PD-1 inhibitor group and 94.4% and 66.7%, respectively, in the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group. Among the 18 patients who underwent sequential autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) [13 CR and five partial response (PR) cases], eight patients received PD-1 inhibitor therapy after auto-HSCT as consolidation therapy. All patients maintained a CR status after transplantation, and they exhibited significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) rates compared with those who did not undergo sequential auto-HSCT (4-year PFS rates: 100% vs 53.5% ; P=0.041). The incidence of immune-related adverse events was 29%, with only one patient experiencing grade≥3 adverse reactions, which indicated a favorable safety profile for the treatment approach. Conclusions:PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy demonstrates notable efficacy and sustained response in patients with R/R cHL. PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improve response rates. Additionally, for salvage therapy-sensitive patients, consolidation treatment with PD-1 inhibitors after auto-HSCT exhibits the potential for prolonging PFS.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of the poor sustainability of the evidence-based practice project for irritant dermatitis around urostomy.Methods:This is a qualitative study. From April to May 2020, 12 nurses working in the Urology Surgery of Peking University First Hospital were selected by purposive sampling for the semi-structured interview. The integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework (i-PARIHS framework) was applied to analyze and extract the obtained data.Results:The interview results found that, in terms of transform (evidence) , the localization and continuity of evidence for the evidence-based practice project of irritant dermatitis around urostomy needed to be improved, including the high matching between evidence and practice environment, and the insufficient continuity of evidence application. In terms of transform recipients, the leadership of project practitioner needed to be improved, including the conflict between the roles of practitioners and researchers, the lack of knowledge reserves of practitioners, and the conflict among the values of practitioners. In terms of organizational environment, the leadership of managers and the imformatization degree of project needed to be improved, including insufficient support from leaders and insufficient facilities.Conclusions:At the initial stage of formulating the nursing evidence-based practice project, the project implementer should fully incorporate the opinions of stakeholders for localization debugging, and consider the sustainability of the project. In addition, the leadership of managers, nurses and interns should be increased, the use and training of urostomy talents should be strengthened, the training of urostomy knowledge should be continued, the information-based follow-up system should be improved, and the intervention strategy should be continuously adjusted to ensure the project is carried out.

This clinical data of 3 cases of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) who had no remission after taking to-pical glucocorticoids and antihistamines were collected retrospectively.The patients were treated with Dupilumab in the Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from April to October 2021.All 3 cases developed eczema-like rashes with strong itching and sleep disturbance within the first year after their birth.The children′ quality of life was seriously impaired.All the cases were combined with allergic rhinitis, 2 cases of whom were simultaneously complicated with bronchial asthma.After 14-18 weeks of treatment, the rash, pruritic symptoms and quality of life were significantly improved.Meanwhile, rhinitis symptoms were reduced, asthma control scores and lung function were improved to varying degrees.No serious adverse reactions occurred during the injection period.