As one of the major diseases threatening human health,the early accurate diagnosis and localization of tumors are crucial for formulating effective treatment plans.In recent years,molecular probes(MPs)have made significant progress in the field of biological imaging.With advantages such as high sensitivity,high specificity,and non-invasiveness,they have become a research hotspot in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.This paper systematically reviews the applications of MPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment,covering their classifications(such as fluorescent,photoacoustic,chemiluminescent,bioluminescent,and multimodal probes),design strategies(including active/pas-sive targeting mechanisms and the synergistic construction of identification units,imaging units,signal conversion units and treatment units),as well as detection principles.It also focuses on elabo-rating the research progress of MPs based on enzymes,receptors,reactive substances,and tumor microenvironment.Meanwhile,this paper emphasizes the advantages of multifunctional integration and multimodal imaging,and analyzes the challenges faced by MPs in clinical translation(such as biocompatibility and optimization of supporting equipment).It aims to provide ideas for the develop-ment of high-performance MPs and promote the advancement of precise and personalized tumor di-agnosis and treatment.

Humanistic caring for patients in the operating room refers to providing the whole process of caring medical services for patients in the operating room. In order to standardize humanistic caring services for patients in the operating room of medical institutions, improve the comprehensive service level of the operating room, and enhance the surgical experience of patients, the Chinese Association for Life Care released the group standard " Humanistic Caring Management Standards for Patients in the Operating Room" in December 2023. This article interpreted the basic requirements for humanistic caring of patients in the operating room, the environment and facilities for humanistic caring, the procedures and measures for humanistic caring, and the quality management framework, aiming to assist administrators and clinical practitioners across various levels of medical institutions in accurately understanding and effectively implementing the standard, and to provide essential textual reference and practical guidance for promoting the application of the standard.

As one of the major diseases threatening human health,the early accurate diagnosis and localization of tumors are crucial for formulating effective treatment plans.In recent years,molecular probes(MPs)have made significant progress in the field of biological imaging.With advantages such as high sensitivity,high specificity,and non-invasiveness,they have become a research hotspot in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.This paper systematically reviews the applications of MPs in tumor diagnosis and treatment,covering their classifications(such as fluorescent,photoacoustic,chemiluminescent,bioluminescent,and multimodal probes),design strategies(including active/pas-sive targeting mechanisms and the synergistic construction of identification units,imaging units,signal conversion units and treatment units),as well as detection principles.It also focuses on elabo-rating the research progress of MPs based on enzymes,receptors,reactive substances,and tumor microenvironment.Meanwhile,this paper emphasizes the advantages of multifunctional integration and multimodal imaging,and analyzes the challenges faced by MPs in clinical translation(such as biocompatibility and optimization of supporting equipment).It aims to provide ideas for the develop-ment of high-performance MPs and promote the advancement of precise and personalized tumor di-agnosis and treatment.

Humanistic caring for patients in the operating room refers to providing the whole process of caring medical services for patients in the operating room. In order to standardize humanistic caring services for patients in the operating room of medical institutions, improve the comprehensive service level of the operating room, and enhance the surgical experience of patients, the Chinese Association for Life Care released the group standard " Humanistic Caring Management Standards for Patients in the Operating Room" in December 2023. This article interpreted the basic requirements for humanistic caring of patients in the operating room, the environment and facilities for humanistic caring, the procedures and measures for humanistic caring, and the quality management framework, aiming to assist administrators and clinical practitioners across various levels of medical institutions in accurately understanding and effectively implementing the standard, and to provide essential textual reference and practical guidance for promoting the application of the standard.

Objective:To observe the role of Huaiqihuang Granules (HQ) in the long-term management of bronchial asthma in young children, and the effective effect on concomitant rhinitis.Methods:A prospective real-world multicenter study was conducted in children aged 2-5 years with asthma diagnosed in the outpatient department (from April 2016 to March 2019)who received either inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)(control group); inhaled ICS/LTRA plus HQ(combination group), or HQ alone(HQ group). All patients were followed up at week 4, 8, 12 after treatment. The number of days with asthma symptoms, the frequency of severe asthma attacks, the level of asthma control, and the days with rhinitis symptoms in the last 4 weeks were recorded. Differences before and after treatment, and those among groups after treatment were compared using Kruskal- Wallis H test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results:A total of 2 234 eligible patients were recruited, and 2 147 cases completed followed-up visits, including 477, 1 374 and 296 cases in the control group, combination group, and HQ group, respectively. After the treatment, all 3 groups showed significant declines in the days with asthma symptoms, frequency of severe asthma attack and the days with rhinitis symptoms (all P<0.01), and the rate of well-controlled asthma increased significantly ( P<0.01). It lasted until the end of follow-up. Among groups, patients in the combination group showed significantly less days of asthma symptoms than those of the other 2 group at week 8 and 12[0(0, 0.9) d vs.0(0, 0.3) d, P<0.05; 0(0, 0.1) d vs. 0(0, 1.0) d, P<0.01]. Patients in the combination group and HQ group showed a significantly lower rate of severe asthma attacks than that of the control group at week 12 [0(0, 1), 0(0, 1), 0(0, 2), all P<0.05]. The well-controlled rate of asthma in the combination group was significantly higher than that of the control group and HQ group at week 8 and 12 (89.6% vs. 85.9% vs.82.1%, H=15.28; 90.9% vs. 84.1% vs. 81.8%, χ2=29.32, all P<0.01). Conclusions:HQ can significantly alleviate symptoms of asthma and rhinitis, severe attack of asthma, and increase the control rate of asthma when used as an additional treatment or used alone.

Objective:To build the three different risk prediction models for peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) -associated thrombosis based on machine learning algorithm, and compare the performance of the models, so as to provide a basis for evaluating and preventing PICC-associated thrombosis.Methods:The PICC-associated Thrombasis Risk Factor Questionnaire was developed based on the best evidence and expert consultation. From January 2016 to October 2020, convenience sampling was used to select 626 patients with PICC in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University as the research object to collect clinical data. Based on machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) , XGBoost and Logistic regression methods were used to construct three different PICC-associated thrombosis risk prediction models, which were evaluated and compared.. Model evaluation indicators included Matthews correlation coefficient ( MCC) , F1 value, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( AUC) and Brier score. Results:A total of 30 variables were included, and the predictors included four aspects, namely, demographic data of patients, patient condition, treatment factors, and catheter-related factors. For the model verified on the test set, the Logistic regression prediction model had lower scores than the XGBoost and SVM prediction models in terms of MCC and F1 values. On AUC, the Logistic regression prediction model score was equal to SVM and smaller than XGBoost. On Brier, the Logistic regression prediction model scored higher than the XGBoost and SVM prediction models. Conclusions:The performance of the prediction model based on the machine learning algorithm XGBoost and SVM is superior to the traditional Logistic regression model in terms of sensitivity and accuracy. Thrombotic predictors can help guide medical and nursing staff to identify high-risk patients and reduce the incidence of PICC-associated thrombosis.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) and positive anti-Ro52 antibody. The clinical data of 203 ASS patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment and outcome were collected including data of 18 patients with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). In total, the majority were women (148,72.9%). The average onset age was (51.9±13.3) years. There were 163 (80.3%) patients with positive anti-Ro52 antibody. The positivity in women (77.3% vs. 55.0%, P=0.004) was higher, and the median time from disease onset to diagnosis [4.5 (2.0, 24.0) months vs. 2.0 (1.0, 12.0) months, P=0.024] was longer in patients with positive anti-Ro52 antibody than those negative. Compared with negative patients, patients with positive anti-Ro52 antibody had a higher incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (96.9% vs. 65.0%, P<0.001), arthritis (33.7% vs. 17.5%, P=0.046), and arthralgia (39.3% vs. 20.0%, P=0.022). Higher rate of positve antinuclear antibody (ANA) (85.3% vs. 55.0%, P<0.001), lower rate of positive anti-Jo-1 antibody (32.5% vs. 50.0%, P=0.039), lower albumin level [(34.6±5.2) g/L vs. (37.3±4.7) g/L, P=0.004] and lower lymphocyte counts [(1.4±0.8) ×10 9/L vs. (1.8±0.8) ×10 9/L, P=0.014] were more common in patients with positive anti-Ro52 antibody. The presence of anti-Ro52 antibody is associated with a particular phenotype of ASS, leading to common ILD, involvement of joints, high ANA positivity, low albumin and low lymphocyte counts.

To study the clinical features of myeloperoxidase(MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP). Clinical data of 15 cases diagnosed with MPO-ANCA vasculitis complicated with HP were retrospectively analyzed. Nine cases were males and the other 6 were females, with an average age of (58±8) years. All cases presented with chronic headache. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed local or diffused thickening of cerebral and/or spinal dura matter while brain parenchyma were normal. Nine cases developed multiple cranial nerve paralysis, with trigeminal nerve and auditory nerve involved most commonly. The main clinical manifestations were facial pain, hearing loss and tinnitus. Two cases were complicated with hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis (HSP) and 4 cases were complicated with pulmonary diseases. Positive serum perinuclear pattern ANCA (pANCA) and MPO could be found in all cases, positive serum IgG 4 was seen in two patients. erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR;25-116 mm/1h) and C-reactive protein (CRP;29.02-146.00 mg/L) were both elevated in 14 cases. Nine cases had elevated intracranial pressure[180-235 mmH 2O (1 mmH 2O=0.009 8 kPa)] and abnormal protein level (457.6-3710.0 mg/L) in cerebrospinal fluid. Six cases were treated with glucocorticoids (prednisone 20-60 mg/d) and 9 cased with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (methotrexate 15 mg/week or cyclophosphamide 100 mg/d po). All patients achieved remission. MPO-ANCA associated HP is a special type of central nervous system involvement in ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV). It rarely involves the lung or kidney. Steroids and immunosuppressive agents are effective. In HP with unknown underlying diseases, it is suggested to screen ANCA and IgG 4 tests for AAV or IgG 4-related disease.

Objective: Hippocampal neuron apoptosis contributes to autism, while METTL3 has been documented to possess great potentials in neuron apoptosis. Our study probed into the role of METTL3 in neuron apoptosis in autism and to determine the underlying mechanism. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze expressed genes in autism samples. Institute of Cancer Research mice were treated with valproic acid to develop autism models. The function of METTL3 in autism-like symptoms in mice was analyzed with behavioral tests and histological examination of their hippocampal tissues. Primary mouse hippocampal neurons were extracted for in vitro studies. Downstream factors of METTL3 were explored and validated. Results: METTL3, MALAT1, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were downregulated, while SFRP2 was upregulated in the hippocampal tissues of a mouse model of autism. METTL3 stabilized MALAT1 expression by promoting m6A modification of MALAT1. MALAT1 promoted SFRP2 methylation and led to reduced SFRP2 expression by recruiting DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B to the promoter region of SFRP2. Furthermore, SFRP2 facilitated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. By this mechanism, METTL3 suppressed autism-like symptoms and hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Conclusion This research suggests that METTL3 can reduce autism-like symptoms and hippocampal neuron apoptosis by regulating the MALAT1/SFRP2/Wnt/β-catenin axis.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in very preterm infants(VPI), and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of BPD in VPI.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was designed to collect the clinical data of VPI in department of neonatology of 28 hospitals in 7 regions from September 2019 to December 2020.According to the continuous oxygen dependence at 28 days after birth, VPI were divided into non BPD group and BPD group, and the risk factors of BPD in VPI were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 514 cases of VPI including 1 364 cases without BPD and 1 150 cases with BPD were enrolled.The incidence of BPD was 45.7%.The smaller the gestational age and weight, the higher the incidence of BPD( P<0.001). Compared with non BPD group, the average birth age, weight and cesarean section rate in BPD group were lower, and the incidence of male infants, small for gestational age and 5-minute apgar score≤7 were higher( P<0.01). In BPD group, the incidences of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, feeding intolerance, extrauterine growth restriction, grade Ⅲ~Ⅳ intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, early-onset and late-onset sepsis, nosocomial infection, parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis were higher( P<0.05), the use of pulmonary surfactant(PS), postnatal hormone exposure, anemia and blood transfusion were also higher, and the time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, oxygen use and total hospital stay were longer( P<0.001). The time of starting enteral nutrition, cumulative fasting days, days of reaching total enteral nutrition, days of continuous parenteral nutrition, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) total calorie, days of reaching 110 kcal/(kg·d) oral calorie were longer and the breastfeeding rate was lower in BPD group than those in non BPD group( P<0.001). The cumulative doses of amino acid and fat emulsion during the first week of hospitalization were higher in BPD group( P<0.001). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that NRDS, invasive mechanical ventilation, age of reaching total enteral nutrition, anemia and blood transfusion were the independent risk factors for BPD in VPI, and older gestational age was the protective factor for BPD. Conclusion:Strengthening perinatal management, avoiding premature delivery and severe NRDS, shortening the time of invasive mechanical ventilation, paying attention to enteral nutrition management, reaching whole intestinal feeding as soon as possible, and strictly mastering the indications of blood transfusion are very important to reduce the incidence of BPD in VPI.