Objective To explore the protective effects of pretreatment with the Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7(JG-7)and Guangzao Sanwei Tang(GZ-3)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in mice.Methods 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,model(Model)group,compound danshen drip pill(CDDP)positive control group,JG-7 group,GZ-3 group,and 12 mice in each group to establish the MIRI model,and the H9C2 cells were randomly divided into Control(normoxic)group,H/R(hypoxia 6 h reoxygenation 14 h)group,H/R+JG-7 group,H/R+GZ-3 group.The mice in each group were tested for cardiac function indexes after 30 min of ischemia,24 h and 7 d of reperfusion,TTC staining to detect infarct area after 24 h of MIRI,HE staining to detect myocardial tissue structure and cellular morphology after 24 h of MIRI,TUNEL apoptosis kit to detect apoptosis of myocardial cells after 24 h of MIRI,Masson staining to detect myocardial fibrosis after 7 d of MIRI.Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta,serum was separated,and the indexes after oxidative stress of MIRI were detected in each group of mice,and the survival rate of H9C2 cells after H/R was detected in each group by CCK-8 method.Results The results of TTC showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced the infarct area after 24 h of MIRI in mice.ELISA and kit assays proved that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(Creatinekinase-MB,CK-MB),Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.HE staining showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved myocardial pathology after MIRI 24 h.The results of TUNEL apoptosis assay showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved apoptosis in myocardial tissues 24 h after MIRI.Masson staining results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could reduce the area of myocardial tissue fibrosis after MIRI 7 d.CCK-8 assay results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could improve the cell survival rate after H/R in H9C2 cells.Conclusion Pre-treatment with Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7 and Guangzao Sanwei Tang can reduce the damage caused after ischemia-reperfusion(I/R),decrease the area of myocardial infarction and fibrosis after I/R in mice,and protect the heart.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)signaling pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and to explore the mechanism of Gegen QinLian Decoction for the treatment of NAFLD,using in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods Rats were fed with high-fat chow for 24 weeks to induce NAFLD,and were then divided randomly into normal(C),model(M),high-,medium-,and low-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction(GGQLT-H,GGQLT-M,GGQLT-L),and metformin(Met)groups.From week 25 onwards,the rats were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage for 2 weeks according to the grouping,until sampling.Levels of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)in the liver tissues were measured in each group using biochemical kits and ferrous iron(Fe2+)in rat liver tissues was detected using a Fe2+kit.Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),SLC7A11,glutathione synthetase(GSS),GPX4,and acyl coenzyme A synthetase 4(ACSL4)mRNA levels in rat liver tissues were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.For cellular experiments lipid acc umulation was induced in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using 1 mmol/L free fatty acid,to mimic the NAFLD in vitro model.Different concentrations of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin-containing serum were added for treatment.Lipid accumulation was detected in the cells in each group by Oil red O staining.The MDA and GSH contents of HepG2 cells in the different groups were determined using appropriate kits,and the ferrous contents were detected using a cell-specific ferrous kit.Expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,SLC7A11,GSS,GPX4,and ACSL4 mRNA was detected in each group of cells using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results In the animal experiments,MDA and Fe2+liver levels were significantly higher in the M group than in the C group,while GSH levels were significantly lower(P＜0.01).GGQLT-H,GGQLT-M and Met groups showed significantly reduced MDA and Fe2+and elevated GSH levels compared with the M group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).High-and medium-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin increased Nrf2,HO-1,GSS,and GPX4 mRNA and decreased ACSL4 mRNA expression levels(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).In cellular experiments,lipid droplets were significantly increased in the HepG2 cell M group compared with those in the C group,and lipid droplets were significantly reduced by Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin.MDA and Fe2+levels were significantly increased and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the HepG2 M group compared with the levels in the C group(P＜0.01),while all doses of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin significantly decreased MDA and Fe2+levels(P＜0.01)and increased the GSH content(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Nrf2,GSS,GPX4,and SLC7A11 mRNA expression levels in the GGQLT-H group,Nrf2,HO-1,and SLC7A11 in the GGQLT-L group,HO-1,SLC7A11,and GSS in the GGQLT-M group,and GSS,Nrf2,and HO-1 in the Met group were all significantly increased compared with the findings in the M group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).ACSL4 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the GGQLT-M and GGQLT-L groups and the Met group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusions Gegen QinLian Decoction can improve NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis,and its mechanism may he related to regulation of the Nrf2/SLC7A 11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale(NBRS)in Chinese college students.Methods:A total of 1004 college students were selected.Exploratory factor a-nalysis,criterion validity and internal consistency reliability test were performed on sample 1(n=501),Ruminative Responses Scale(RRS),Negative Beliefs about Uncontrollability and Danger of Worry(NEG)and the Beck De-pression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ)were used as criteria for criterion validity test.Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance across gender were performed on sample 2(n=503).Totally 199 college students in total sample were retested 6 weeks later.Results:The exploratory factor analysis showed that there were 11 NBRS items with 3 factors,which explained 63.75％of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 3-factor model fitted well(x2/df=2.59,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.95,SRMR=0.04,RMSEA=0.06).The NBRS scores were positively correlated with the scores of RRS,NEG and BDI-Ⅱ(ICC=0.59,0.75,0.53;Ps＜0.01).The Cronbach's α coefficient of the NBRS was 0.82,and the retest reliability(ICC)was 0.74.The configural,weak,strong and strict invariance of the NBRS across gender were all acceptable(△CFI＜0.01,△TLI＜0.01).Conclu-sion:The Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale demonstrates good validity and reliability in Chinese college students,making it a useful tool for research and interventions related to rumination.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)signaling pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),and to explore the mechanism of Gegen QinLian Decoction for the treatment of NAFLD,using in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods Rats were fed with high-fat chow for 24 weeks to induce NAFLD,and were then divided randomly into normal(C),model(M),high-,medium-,and low-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction(GGQLT-H,GGQLT-M,GGQLT-L),and metformin(Met)groups.From week 25 onwards,the rats were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage for 2 weeks according to the grouping,until sampling.Levels of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde(MDA)and glutathione(GSH)in the liver tissues were measured in each group using biochemical kits and ferrous iron(Fe2+)in rat liver tissues was detected using a Fe2+kit.Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),SLC7A11,glutathione synthetase(GSS),GPX4,and acyl coenzyme A synthetase 4(ACSL4)mRNA levels in rat liver tissues were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.For cellular experiments lipid acc umulation was induced in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using 1 mmol/L free fatty acid,to mimic the NAFLD in vitro model.Different concentrations of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin-containing serum were added for treatment.Lipid accumulation was detected in the cells in each group by Oil red O staining.The MDA and GSH contents of HepG2 cells in the different groups were determined using appropriate kits,and the ferrous contents were detected using a cell-specific ferrous kit.Expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,SLC7A11,GSS,GPX4,and ACSL4 mRNA was detected in each group of cells using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results In the animal experiments,MDA and Fe2+liver levels were significantly higher in the M group than in the C group,while GSH levels were significantly lower(P＜0.01).GGQLT-H,GGQLT-M and Met groups showed significantly reduced MDA and Fe2+and elevated GSH levels compared with the M group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).High-and medium-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin increased Nrf2,HO-1,GSS,and GPX4 mRNA and decreased ACSL4 mRNA expression levels(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).In cellular experiments,lipid droplets were significantly increased in the HepG2 cell M group compared with those in the C group,and lipid droplets were significantly reduced by Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin.MDA and Fe2+levels were significantly increased and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the HepG2 M group compared with the levels in the C group(P＜0.01),while all doses of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin significantly decreased MDA and Fe2+levels(P＜0.01)and increased the GSH content(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Nrf2,GSS,GPX4,and SLC7A11 mRNA expression levels in the GGQLT-H group,Nrf2,HO-1,and SLC7A11 in the GGQLT-L group,HO-1,SLC7A11,and GSS in the GGQLT-M group,and GSS,Nrf2,and HO-1 in the Met group were all significantly increased compared with the findings in the M group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).ACSL4 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the GGQLT-M and GGQLT-L groups and the Met group(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusions Gegen QinLian Decoction can improve NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis,and its mechanism may he related to regulation of the Nrf2/SLC7A 11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale(NBRS)in Chinese college students.Methods:A total of 1004 college students were selected.Exploratory factor a-nalysis,criterion validity and internal consistency reliability test were performed on sample 1(n=501),Ruminative Responses Scale(RRS),Negative Beliefs about Uncontrollability and Danger of Worry(NEG)and the Beck De-pression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ)were used as criteria for criterion validity test.Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance across gender were performed on sample 2(n=503).Totally 199 college students in total sample were retested 6 weeks later.Results:The exploratory factor analysis showed that there were 11 NBRS items with 3 factors,which explained 63.75％of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 3-factor model fitted well(x2/df=2.59,CFI=0.97,TLI=0.95,SRMR=0.04,RMSEA=0.06).The NBRS scores were positively correlated with the scores of RRS,NEG and BDI-Ⅱ(ICC=0.59,0.75,0.53;Ps＜0.01).The Cronbach's α coefficient of the NBRS was 0.82,and the retest reliability(ICC)was 0.74.The configural,weak,strong and strict invariance of the NBRS across gender were all acceptable(△CFI＜0.01,△TLI＜0.01).Conclu-sion:The Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale demonstrates good validity and reliability in Chinese college students,making it a useful tool for research and interventions related to rumination.

Objective To explore the protective effects of pretreatment with the Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7(JG-7)and Guangzao Sanwei Tang(GZ-3)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in mice.Methods 60 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,model(Model)group,compound danshen drip pill(CDDP)positive control group,JG-7 group,GZ-3 group,and 12 mice in each group to establish the MIRI model,and the H9C2 cells were randomly divided into Control(normoxic)group,H/R(hypoxia 6 h reoxygenation 14 h)group,H/R+JG-7 group,H/R+GZ-3 group.The mice in each group were tested for cardiac function indexes after 30 min of ischemia,24 h and 7 d of reperfusion,TTC staining to detect infarct area after 24 h of MIRI,HE staining to detect myocardial tissue structure and cellular morphology after 24 h of MIRI,TUNEL apoptosis kit to detect apoptosis of myocardial cells after 24 h of MIRI,Masson staining to detect myocardial fibrosis after 7 d of MIRI.Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta,serum was separated,and the indexes after oxidative stress of MIRI were detected in each group of mice,and the survival rate of H9C2 cells after H/R was detected in each group by CCK-8 method.Results The results of TTC showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced the infarct area after 24 h of MIRI in mice.ELISA and kit assays proved that JG-7 and GZ-3 reduced creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(Creatinekinase-MB,CK-MB),Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.HE staining showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved myocardial pathology after MIRI 24 h.The results of TUNEL apoptosis assay showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 improved apoptosis in myocardial tissues 24 h after MIRI.Masson staining results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could reduce the area of myocardial tissue fibrosis after MIRI 7 d.CCK-8 assay results showed that JG-7 and GZ-3 could improve the cell survival rate after H/R in H9C2 cells.Conclusion Pre-treatment with Mongolian medicine Jiruhen Gurigumu-7 and Guangzao Sanwei Tang can reduce the damage caused after ischemia-reperfusion(I/R),decrease the area of myocardial infarction and fibrosis after I/R in mice,and protect the heart.

Background::Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia (PE).Method::The study involved 299 pregnant women, out of which 236 had normal pregnancies, while 63 participants had PE. Maternal serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median (MOM) to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood sampling. Logistic models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE, presenting as odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results::MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls (1.588 vs. 1.000, p < 0.001). In the logistic model, pregnant women with higher MOM of GDF-15 (>1) had a 4.74-fold (95% CI= 2.23-10.08, p < 0.001) increased risk of PE, adjusted by age, preconceptional body mass index, gravidity, and parity. Conclusions::These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with PE. GDF-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale(PBRS)in Chinese college students.Methods:A total of 968 college students were selected.Exploratory factor a-nalysis,criterion validity and internal consistency reliability test were performed on sample 1(n=496).The Rumi-native Responses Scale(RRS),Metacognitions Questionnaire(MCQ)and Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ)were used as criteria for criterion validity test.Confirmatory factor analysis and Measurement invariance across gen-der were performed on sample 2(n=472).The 87 college studentsin sample 1 were retested 6 weeks later.Results:The exploratory factor analysis found 1 factor,which explained 54.39％of the total variance.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 1-factor model fitted well(x2/df=3.38,CFI=0.962,TLI=0.940,SRMR=0.043,RMSEA=0.071).The scores of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale were positively cor-related with the scores of RRS,MCQ and BDI-Ⅱ(ICC=0.37,0.41,0.12,Ps＜0.01).The Cronbach α coefficient of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale was 0.89.The retest reliability(ICC)of the Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale was 0.72.The configural,weak,strong and strict invariance of the PBRS across gender were all acceptable(△CFI,△TLI＜0.01).Conclusion:The Positive Beliefs About Rumination Scale has good validity and reliability in Chinese college students.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Background::Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia (PE).Method::The study involved 299 pregnant women, out of which 236 had normal pregnancies, while 63 participants had PE. Maternal serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median (MOM) to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood sampling. Logistic models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE, presenting as odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results::MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls (1.588 vs. 1.000, p < 0.001). In the logistic model, pregnant women with higher MOM of GDF-15 (>1) had a 4.74-fold (95% CI= 2.23-10.08, p < 0.001) increased risk of PE, adjusted by age, preconceptional body mass index, gravidity, and parity. Conclusions::These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with PE. GDF-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.