Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.

ObjectiveTo explore the main mechanism of self-precipitation formed during the decoction of Sinitang（SNT）， and to provide a research basis for exploring the differences in the toxic and effective components of this compound. MethodsThe average precipitation yields of SNT， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（GRR）-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata（ALRP） decoction（GF）， ALRP-Zingiberis Rhizoma（ZR） decoction（FJ）， GRR-ZR decoction（GJD）， ALRP decoction（FZ）， ZR decoction（GJ） and GRR decoction（GC） were determined. The four main self-precipitation samples of SNT， GF， FZ and GC were physically characterized by particle size， scanning electron microscopy（SEM）， pH， total dissolved solids（TDS）， conductivity， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR） analysis. The chemical compositions of SNT decoction and its different phases was identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS） for SNT， SNT self-precipitation and SNT supernatant， and the contents of its main toxic and effective components were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. ResultsPrecipitation yield results of the 7 samples of SNT decoction and single decoction showed that SNT had the highest self-precipitation yield. The formation of SNT self-precipitation was mainly related to the reaction between ALRP and GRR components to form complexes， and FT-IR showed that GRR had the greatest influence on the formation of self-precipitation. A total of 110 components were identified in the SNT decoction， including 100 components in the SNT self-precipitation and 106 components in the SNT supernatant. And quantitative results of the main toxic and effective components revealed that the reaction between ALRP and GRR components formed complexes， resulting in the following content hierarchy for free components：SNT decoctionsupernatantself-precipitation， these components included free liquiritin， benzoylmesaconine， benzoylaconitine， benzoylhypacoitine， liquiritigenin， aconitine， hypoaconitine， isoliquiritigenin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate. ConclusionSNT exhibits spontaneous precipitation during compound decoction， with GRR exerting the greatest influence on its formation. This suggests GRR plays a significant role in the detoxification of SNT. The differences in the self-precipitated toxic-effective components of SNT compound decoction primarily manifest as changes in component content， reflecting the characteristics of SNT "deposition in vitro and sustained release in vivo" and the importance of "administered at draught" in the clinical application of SNT.

Immunization represents the most effective strategy for the prevention and control of diseases. Nevertheless, some people may still get infected and contract the disease even after being fully vaccinated, which is known as a "breakthrough case." The presence of breakthrough cases shows that although vaccines significantly lower the rates of disease and death, they do not entirely eliminate the risk of illness.Addressing breakthrough cases, comprehending their epidemiological characteristics, and identifying the associated factors carry substantial public health implications for vaccine development, the optimization of vaccination strategies, and the implementation of intervention efforts. This review aims to provide a scientific reference for enhancing the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases by summarizing the definitions, epidemiological characteristics, and relevant factors related to breakthrough infection cases across various diseases.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technology in accelerating MR simulation (MR-sim) for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Thirty patients with NPC scheduled to receive radical radiotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent head and neck MR-sim on a 3.0 T scanner, with axial T 1 weighted imaging (WI), T 2WI, contrast-enhanced T 1WI, and fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T 1WI images acquired using both ACS and parallel imaging (PI) techniques. Paired-sample t tests or rank-sum tests were used to compare scan time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MR-sim images between the two techniques. A 5-point Likert scale was applied to evaluate tumor lesion visualization, lesion margin clarity, artifacts, and overall image quality, with chi-square tests used to compare subjective image quality scores between the two techniques. Tumor target volumes were delineated on MR-sim images obtained by both ACS and PI techniques after fusion with CT simulation images, and consistency was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results:For both individual sequences and overall protocols, ACS significantly reduced MR-sim acquisition time compared with PI ( P < 0.001). The total acquisition time with ACS was (378.60±17.07) s versus (694.93±17.07) s with PI, representing a 45.52% time reduction. SNR, CNR, tumor lesion identification, margin clarity, artifacts, and overall image quality scores of MR-sim images did not differ significantly between ACS and PI ( P > 0.05). Tumor target volumes delineated from ACS- and PI-based MR-sim images showed high consistency after fusion with CT simulation images ( P > 0.05), with mean DSC values of primary tumors and metastatic cervical lymph nodes approaching 1. Conclusion:Compared with conventional MR acceleration methods (PI), ACS enables faster MR-sim acquisition in NPC without compromising image quality or the accuracy of tumor target delineation.

Varicella, often referred to as chickenpox, is a widespread acute infectious condition triggered by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It manifests with systemic symptoms and distinct skin and mucosal eruptions, including macules, papules, and vesicles. Although it mainly affects children, the disease is typically more severe in teenagers and adults. Following the adoption of vaccine-based control measures in China, there has been a noticeable trend of varicella affecting older demographics, leading to an uptick in cases among teenagers and adults. This review synthesizes the latest research on the clinical symptoms, epidemiological trends, and immunization strategies for varicella in these age groups, both domestic and aboard. The goal is to enhance strategies for prevention and control, support the development of tailored immunization policies, and underscore the critical role of the varicella vaccine in comprehensive health management across all ages.

Immunization represents the most effective strategy for the prevention and control of diseases. Nevertheless, some people may still get infected and contract the disease even after being fully vaccinated, which is known as a "breakthrough case." The presence of breakthrough cases shows that although vaccines significantly lower the rates of disease and death, they do not entirely eliminate the risk of illness.Addressing breakthrough cases, comprehending their epidemiological characteristics, and identifying the associated factors carry substantial public health implications for vaccine development, the optimization of vaccination strategies, and the implementation of intervention efforts. This review aims to provide a scientific reference for enhancing the prevention and control of vaccine-preventable diseases by summarizing the definitions, epidemiological characteristics, and relevant factors related to breakthrough infection cases across various diseases.

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of artificial intelligence-assisted compressed sensing (ACS) technology in accelerating MR simulation (MR-sim) for radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods:Thirty patients with NPC scheduled to receive radical radiotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent head and neck MR-sim on a 3.0 T scanner, with axial T 1 weighted imaging (WI), T 2WI, contrast-enhanced T 1WI, and fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T 1WI images acquired using both ACS and parallel imaging (PI) techniques. Paired-sample t tests or rank-sum tests were used to compare scan time, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MR-sim images between the two techniques. A 5-point Likert scale was applied to evaluate tumor lesion visualization, lesion margin clarity, artifacts, and overall image quality, with chi-square tests used to compare subjective image quality scores between the two techniques. Tumor target volumes were delineated on MR-sim images obtained by both ACS and PI techniques after fusion with CT simulation images, and consistency was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Results:For both individual sequences and overall protocols, ACS significantly reduced MR-sim acquisition time compared with PI ( P < 0.001). The total acquisition time with ACS was (378.60±17.07) s versus (694.93±17.07) s with PI, representing a 45.52% time reduction. SNR, CNR, tumor lesion identification, margin clarity, artifacts, and overall image quality scores of MR-sim images did not differ significantly between ACS and PI ( P > 0.05). Tumor target volumes delineated from ACS- and PI-based MR-sim images showed high consistency after fusion with CT simulation images ( P > 0.05), with mean DSC values of primary tumors and metastatic cervical lymph nodes approaching 1. Conclusion:Compared with conventional MR acceleration methods (PI), ACS enables faster MR-sim acquisition in NPC without compromising image quality or the accuracy of tumor target delineation.

Objective: To analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the construction on intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide countermeasures for promoting the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province. Methods: By reviewing the annual reports of Zhejiang immunization planning, survey data from Zhejiang Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Immunization Intelligent Service System, data of human resources of immunization planning, vaccine procurement, construction progress of intelligent vaccination clinics and vaccination were collected. The relevant literature was searched to gather information on the construction standards and norms of intelligent vaccination clinics. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics was conducted, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed. Results: The National Immunization Program reported vaccine rate in Zhejiang Province is more than 99%, and standardized vaccination clinics have been popularized throughout the province. The vaccination staff are professional, and a province-wide intelligent immunization service information system has been established, providing the resources and conditions for the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics. However, there are problems such as low data quality and matching efficiency in vaccination, insufficient data interoperability and sharing, unbalanced regional capabilities in intelligent transformation, and uneven distribution of talent and resources. It is crucial to seize the opportunities presented by the development of big data and artificial intelligence, rely on the regional development of the Internet and health industry, seize the opportunity of rapid growth in demand for intelligent vaccination services and high public acceptance, accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics, and establish intelligent vaccination service standards as soon as possible. Conclusion We should seize the opportunities presented by the digital reform and development, fully utilize the existing vaccination resources and strengths, address the shortcomings, and accelerate the construction of intelligent vaccination clinics in Zhejiang Province.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with tislelizumab and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) as a conversion therapy in patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:The clinical data of 51 initially unresectable HCC patients admitted to the Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from March 2022 to November 2023 were prospectively collected, including 46 males and 5 females, aged (53±11) years old. All patients received TACE combined with tislelizumab and TKI. For initially unresectable HCC patients who have successfully undergone conversion therapy, surgical resection was performed sequentially. Follow-up was conducted through regular outpatient visits or hospitalization combined with telephone contact, and the surgical conversion, relapse-free survival and adverse reactions of patients were recorded.Results:Among the 51 patients with initial unresectable HCC, there were 12 cases of stage Ib, 14 cases of stage IIa, 10 cases of stage IIb, and 15 cases of stage IIIa in Chinese liver cancer staging. The 51 patients were evaluated according to the modified solid tumor response evaluation criteria, and 15 patients had complete response, 26 had partial response, 5 had stable disease, and 5 had disease progression. The objective response rate was 80.4% (41/51), and the disease control rate was 90.2% (46/51). The conversion success rate was 49.0% (25/51), 2 patients gave up surgery, and the actual conversion rate was 45.1% (23/51). Among the 23 patients who underwent surgical resection, irregular hepatectomy was performed in 11 cases, lobectomy in 8 cases, and hemihepatectomy in 4 cases. Common treatment-related adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, gingival bleeding, etc. Most of the drug-related adverse events were grade 1 to grade 2. A total of 10 patients (19.6%, 10/51) had grade 3 drug-related adverse events, and no grade 4 or above adverse events occurred, and no treatment-related deaths occurred. The cumulative recurrence free survival rates of 23 patients with initial unresectable HCC at 6 and 12 months after sequential hepatectomy were 100% and 94.7% respectively.Conclusion:The triple combination therapy of TACE combined with tislelizumab and TKI in the treatment of initial unresectable HCC has good clinical efficacy, and the adverse reactions are safe and controllable.

Background and Objectives: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a research hotspot in the endodontic field. One of the biggest problems of REPs is that it is difficult to realize regeneration of pulp-dentin complex and functional reconstruction. The reason is still not clear. We hypothesize that the migration may be different in different dental stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) may migrate faster than stem cells of apical papilla (SCAPs), differentiating into cementum-like tissue, bone-like tissue and periodontal ligament-like tissue and, finally affecting the outcomes of REPs. Hence, this study aimed to explore the mechanism that regulates the migration of PDLSCs. Methods: and Results: After isolating and culturing PDLSCs and SCAPs from human third molars, we compared the migration of PDLSCs and SCAPs. Then we investigated the role of SDF-1α-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in PDLSC migration. We further investigated the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on PDLSC migration and the potential mechanism. PDLSCs showed better migration under both noninflammatory and inflammatory conditions than SCAPs. SDF-1α can promote the migration of PDLSCs by elevating the expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7, increasing the interaction between them, promoting expression of β-arrestin1 and activating the ERK signaling pathway. P. gingivalis LPS can promote the migration of PDLSCs toward SDF-1α through increasing the expression of CXCR4 via the NF-κB signaling pathway, promoting the expression of β-arrestin1, and activating the ERK signaling pathway. Conclusions This study helped elucidate the potential reason for the difficulty in forming pulp-dentin complex.