Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of single oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone gel plus oral dydrogesterone in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles with fresh embryo transfer.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 658 treatment cycles of fresh embryo transfer cycle with GnRH antagonist protocol from December 2015 to December 2020 in the Center of Reproductive Medicine of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. Each cycle was the first fresh stimulation cycle of the patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to different luteal support regimens. Group A included 368 cycles with a regimen of 30 mg dydrogesterone tablets orally daily, while group B included 290 cycles with a regimen of 90 mg vaginal progesterone gel vaginally daily combined with 20 mg dydrogesterone tablets orally daily. A 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to adjust for numerical differences and to balance between the two groups, and further they were divided into cleavage stage embryo transfer cycles and the blastocyst transfer cycles according to the different type of embryo for layer analysis, and the laboratory results and assisted reproductive outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results:After matching, the baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups, with 251 cycles remaining in each group for retrospective analysis. After PSM, statistically significant differences were observed between group A and group B in laboratory data including the number of fertilized oocytes [5 (2, 7) vs. 6 (3, 9), P=0.002], cleavage rate [100.0% (86.31%, 100.0%) vs. 87.28% (75.32%, 100.0%), P<0.001], and available embryo rate [80.18% (54.64%, 100.0%) vs. 67.48% (50.62%, 100.0%), P=0.019]. However, there were no significantly statistical differences in other laboratory data and clinical outcomes (all P>0.05). If we divided the data into two comparison according to the different type of embryo, there were no significantly statistical differences in clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence, and ectopic pregnancy rate neither in day 2 cleavage stage embryo transfer cycles nor in the blastocyst transfer cycles. Conclusion:In this study, the clinical outcomes are similar between taking 30 mg of dydrogesterone tablets orally alone and taking 20 mg of dydrogesterone tablets orally combined with vaginal progesterone gel in the fresh embryo transfer cycle of the GnRH antagonist protocol. Moreover, taking dydrogesterone tablets orally alone can be a new option for luteal support in the fresh cycle of the GnRH antagonist protocol.

Objective:To compare the clinical outcomes of single oral dydrogesterone with vaginal progesterone gel plus oral dydrogesterone in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles with fresh embryo transfer.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed 658 treatment cycles of fresh embryo transfer cycle with GnRH antagonist protocol from December 2015 to December 2020 in the Center of Reproductive Medicine of the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital. Each cycle was the first fresh stimulation cycle of the patients. The patients were divided into two groups according to different luteal support regimens. Group A included 368 cycles with a regimen of 30 mg dydrogesterone tablets orally daily, while group B included 290 cycles with a regimen of 90 mg vaginal progesterone gel vaginally daily combined with 20 mg dydrogesterone tablets orally daily. A 1∶1 propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to adjust for numerical differences and to balance between the two groups, and further they were divided into cleavage stage embryo transfer cycles and the blastocyst transfer cycles according to the different type of embryo for layer analysis, and the laboratory results and assisted reproductive outcomes of the two groups were compared.Results:After matching, the baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups, with 251 cycles remaining in each group for retrospective analysis. After PSM, statistically significant differences were observed between group A and group B in laboratory data including the number of fertilized oocytes [5 (2, 7) vs. 6 (3, 9), P=0.002], cleavage rate [100.0% (86.31%, 100.0%) vs. 87.28% (75.32%, 100.0%), P<0.001], and available embryo rate [80.18% (54.64%, 100.0%) vs. 67.48% (50.62%, 100.0%), P=0.019]. However, there were no significantly statistical differences in other laboratory data and clinical outcomes (all P>0.05). If we divided the data into two comparison according to the different type of embryo, there were no significantly statistical differences in clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome incidence, and ectopic pregnancy rate neither in day 2 cleavage stage embryo transfer cycles nor in the blastocyst transfer cycles. Conclusion:In this study, the clinical outcomes are similar between taking 30 mg of dydrogesterone tablets orally alone and taking 20 mg of dydrogesterone tablets orally combined with vaginal progesterone gel in the fresh embryo transfer cycle of the GnRH antagonist protocol. Moreover, taking dydrogesterone tablets orally alone can be a new option for luteal support in the fresh cycle of the GnRH antagonist protocol.

Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

Rapid turnover of the intestinal epithelium is a critical strategy to balance the uptake of nutrients and defend against environmental insults, whereas inappropriate death promotes the spread of inflammation. PPARα is highly expressed in the small intestine and regulates the absorption of dietary lipids. However, as a key mediator of inflammation, the impact of intestinal PPARα signaling on cell death pathways is unknown. Here, we show that Pparα deficiency of intestinal epithelium up-regulates necroptosis signals, disrupts the gut vascular barrier, and promotes LPS translocation into the liver. Intestinal Pparα deficiency drives age-related hepatic steatosis and aggravates hepatic fibrosis induced by a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet (HFHS). PPARα levels correlate with TRIM38 and MLKL in the human ileum. Inhibition of PPARα up-regulates necroptosis signals in the intestinal organoids triggered by TNF-α and LPS stimuli via TRIM38/TRIF and CREB3L3/MLKL pathways. Butyric acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by intestinal Pparα deficiency through the inhibition of necroptosis. Our data suggest that intestinal PPARα is essential for the maintenance of microenvironmental homeostasis and the spread of inflammation via the gut-liver axis.

Objective To explore the impact of the intervention model based on self-efficacy theory on fear of progression (FoP), negative emotions, and cancer-related fatigue in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods The clinical data of 94 patients with primary liver cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into control group and observation group according to different intervention methods, with 47 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing mode after discharge, while the observation group received intervention model based on self-efficacy theory. Both groups were intervened for 3 months after discharge. The self-efficacy[General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)]at discharge and one- and three-month after discharge, FoP[Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF)], negative emotions[Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)], cancer-related fatigue[Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (R-PFS)], and quality of life[Quality of Life Questionnaire for Liver Cancer Patients (QOL-LC V2.0)] at discharge and three-month after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results One month and three months after discharge, the GSES scores of both groups gradually increased compared to those at discharge, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after discharge, the total and sub-dimension scores of FoP-Q-SF, SAS scores, SDS scores, and R-PFS were lower in both groups compared to those at discharge, and the observation group had lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after discharge, the total and sub-dimension scores of QOL-LC V2.0 were higher in both groups compared to those at discharge, and the observation group had higher scores than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The intervention model based on self-efficacy theory can enhance the self-efficacy of patients with primary liver cancer after TACE, relieve negative emotions and severity of FoP, improve cancer-related fatigue, and enhance the quality of life.

Humans ; Transcriptome/genetics* ; East Asian People ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a nuclear receptor activated by bile acid that is involved in regulating gene expression related to bile acid, fat, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The activity of FXR is regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications. Common post-translational modifications of FXR include O-GlcNAcylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, methylation, etc. These post-translational modifications may affect FXR binding of DNA and ligand, heterodimerization, and subcellular localization, and may specifically regulate downstream gene transcription and expression. Different post-translational modifications can lead to changes in FXR stability and biological function, which are closely related to the occurrence of diseases. This paper aims to review the post-translational modification of FXR in the past five years and the mechanisms involved in disease regulation, to explore the effects of post-translational modification on the physiological function of FXR and to provide a theoretical basis for mechanism research targeting FXR.

Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal cord microglia in chronic pain after chronic heart failure (CHF) in mice.Methods:Eighteen SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), CHF group, and CHF+ microglia inhibitor PLX3397 group (CHF+ PLX group). The model of chronic heart failure was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in anesthetized mice. Mice were continuously fed a PLX3397-containing diet from 7 days before preparing the model to 28 days after preparing the model in CHF + PLX group. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography at 28 days after surgery. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured on 1 day before developing the model (T 0) and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after developing the model (T 1-5). The mice were sacrificed under deep anesthesia after the pain threshold was measured at T 5, and the spinal cord tissues of the lumbar segment (T 2-6 and L 4-6) were removed for determination of the expression of microglial marker Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn (by immunofluorescence method). Results:Compared with Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate were significantly decreased, and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole were increased, the TWL was shortened and MWT was decreased at T 4-5, and the expression of Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated in CHF group ( P<0.05). Compared with CHF group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate were significantly increased, and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole were decreased, the TWL was prolong and MWT was increased at T 2-5, and the expression of Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated in CHF+ PLX group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The chronic pain after CHF may be related to microglial activation in the spinal cord of mice.

Objective: Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children s food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods: Database of nine types of aluminum containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results: The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.