While cranial radiotherapy effectively kills tumor cells and significantly prolongs patient survival, it often leads to progressive cognitive decline. To date, the specific mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cognitive decline have not been fully elucidated, which greatly limits the development of related therapeutic strategies. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of post-radiation changes in neurogenesis, neuronal synaptic plasticity, myelin injury plasticity, and parenchymal cells such as microglia in the brain, systematically elucidates the potential mechanisms of radiation-induced cognitive decline, and summarizes feasible therapeutic approaches. These findings provide a solid foundation for developing novel strategies to mitigate radiation-induced cognitive decline.

The triple energizer is the pathway for the transportation and metabolism of qi,blood and body fluid in the body,and the xuanfu(sweat pores)is the way for the ascending,descending,exiting,and entering of qi movement in the muscular striae and the exterior.Professor Li Huilin believes that the pathogenesis of acne is usually due to the dysfunction of triple energizer and the stagnation of depressed yang-heat,which result into the abnormal opening and closing of the xuanfu and the accumulation of heat-toxin in the muscular striae.For the treatment of acne with traditional Chinese medicine,it is necessary to pay attention to the regulation of triple energizer-xuanfu.The treatment should be based on unblocking therapy,and the therapeutic principle of unblocking triple energizer and opening xuanfu should be taken into account.In clinical practice,it is necessary to identify the syndromes of upper energizer,middle energizer and lower energizer.The syndrome of the upper energizer is often due to fire-heat,which results from the wind-heat in lung meridian or the exuberance of heart fire.The upper-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of relieving and clearing the pathogens with light and mild drugs,expelling fire-heat to open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction,Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction,or Puji Xiaodu Decoction.The syndrome of the middle energizer is usually due to the qi stagnation,which results from intense stomach-heat,damp-heat in the spleen and stomach,liver depression and qi stagnation,or spleen deficiency with dampness accumulation.The middle-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of regulating qi movement to relieve stagnation and open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Qingwei san,Sanren Decoction,Huanglian Wendan Decoction,Chaihu Shugan Powder,or Heqi Powder.The syndrome of the lower energizer is often due to healthy-qi deficiency,which results from yin deficiency of liver and kidney,or deficiency-cold in lower energizer.The lower-energizer syndrome can be treated by the therapy of cultivating the vital essence and consolidating vital base,supplementing deficiency to open sweat pores,and through the modified use of Liuwei Dihuang Pills or Yanghe Decoction.

Objective To investigate the acupoint selection patterns for treating diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy(DCAN)using data mining techniques,providing evidence for clinical practice.Methods Literature on acupuncture treatment for DCAN was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,and PubMed.The publication dates of the included literature ranged from the inception of each database to April 2024.Descriptive analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on acupoint prescriptions,with the selection patterns of meridians and acupoints were summarized.Results A total of 27 articles were included,involving 18 acupoints.The top 10 high-frequency acupoints were Neiguan(PC6),Xinshu(BL15),Pishu(BL20),Zusanli(ST36),Sanyinjiao(SP6),Shenmen(HT7),Taixi(KI3),Lingtai(GV10),Shendao(GV11),and Shenshu(BL23).The primary meridians selected were the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang and the pericardium meridian of hand-jueyin.Specific acupoint categories predominantly included back-shu points and five transport points.Association rule and cluster analyses identified core acupoint combinations centered on Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.Conclusion The core acupoint combination for treating DCAN with acupuncture comprises Xinshu,Neiguan,Pishu,and Zusanli.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor Li Huilin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT)complicated with hypothyroidism using data mining techniques based on the R language.Methods Prescription data of the patients with HT complicated with hypothyroidism treated by Professor Li Huilin in outpatient clinics from March 2023 to March 2024 were collected.A database was established using Microsoft Excel 2021,and R language was employed to analyze the frequency,efficacy,properties and flavors,and meridian tropism of the medicinals from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Additionally,correlation analysis,association rule analysis,and cluster analysis were performed on the medicines from Chinese herbal prescriptions.Results A total of 57 Chinese herbal prescriptions involving 125 medicinals with 782 medication frequencies were included.The top 10 frequently-used medicinals were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle(Zhigancao),Angelicae Sinensis Radix(Danggui),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Astragali Radix(Huangqi),Bupleuri Radix(Chaihu),Cinnamomi Ramulus(Guizhi),Leonuri Herba(Yimucao),Paeoniae Radix Alba(Baishao),Poria(Fuling),and Fici Simplicissimae Radix(Wuzhimaotao).Most of the medicinals had therapeutic action of tonifying deficiency.The analysis of properties and flavors showed that the majority of medicinals were mild or warm in nature,and sweet in flavor.The top three meridians having the tropism of medicinals were the liver,lung,and spleen meridians.Correlation analysis identified five strongly-correlated herbal combinations.Association rule mining revealed a core herbal combination consisting of seven medicinals of Zhigancao,Huangqi,Danggui,Chaihu,Codonopsis Radix(Dangshen),Baizhu,and Cyperi Rhizoma(Xiangfu).Cluster analysis of medicinals with a frequency of≥5 yielded five groups of herbal combination.Conclusion For the treatment of HT complicated with hypothyroidism,Professor Li Huilin follows the principle of addressing the root cause of the disease,and focuses on strengthening the spleen and replenishing qi.Moreover,attention is given to soothing the liver and regulating qi,harmonizing qi and blood simultaneously,and treating symptoms and root cause simultaneously.

Objective To detect the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)and nu-clear factor(NF)-κB in hepatic tissues of the patients with chronic hepatitis B,and to analyze their correlation with the hepatic inflammatory activity and fibrosis degree.Methods The liver biopsy specimens from 66 pa-tients with hepatitis B and 10 non-hepatopathic controls were selected,and immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression levels in different liver tissues.Results The positive rate of ICAM-1 and NF-κB expression in liver tissues of the patients with chronic hepatitis B was higher than that in normal liver tissues,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The expres-sion of ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the patients with hepatitis B was positively correlated with the inflammatory ac-tivity and fibrosis degree(r=0.493,0.496,P＜0.01;r=0.580,0.519,P＜0.01).Conclusion ICAM-1 and NF-κB in the patients with chronic hepatitis B are highly expressed,which is useful in judging the hepatic in-flammatory activity and fibrosis degree.

Objective This study aims to discuss the research hotspot and development trend in the field of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)through bibliometric statistics and visual analysis of long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)related studies.Methods Utilizing the Web of Science core database as the literature data source,we searched for PCOS lncRNA-related literature from 2015 to 2023.CiteSpace software was used to conduct a visual analysis,including the annual distribution,citation trends,countries,institutions,funding sources and key words,as well as co-occurrence and cluster analysis of key words.Results The visual analysis of 108 PCOS lncRNA literature revealed that China was the country with the highest number of publications.The first contributing institution was the Shandong University.The national natural science fund of China gave the biggest funding.The keyword cluster analysis suggested that PCOS lncRNA signal pathway regulation,related receptor activators,and the expression of regulatory factors were the research hotspots in ovary syndrome lncRNA research.Conclusion LncRNA related regulatory factors,bioinformatics analysis,and gene transcription in PCOS are new targetsfor PCOS treatment,providing valuable insights for clinical therapy and new strategies for the development of PCOS-related pharmaceuticals.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of serum Aspergillus fumigatus immunoglobulin G (IgG), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) galactomannan antigen test (GM test) and combined detection of the two methods in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Methods:A total of 310 patients with suspected CPA who were hospitalized in Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were screened. BALF-GM test and serum Aspergillus fumigatus IgG were detected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 151 confirmed or clinically diagnosed CPA patients were enrolled and 60 non-CPA cases were included as controls. The underlying diseases, clinical symptoms and imaging findings of the two groups were analyzed using case-control study. Statistical comparison was performed by chi-square test. The efficacies of BALF-GM test, serum Aspergillus fumigatus IgG test, and their combined detection for CPA were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:There were 130 confirmed cases and 21 clinically diagnosed cases among 151 patients with CPA, including 106 males (70.2%) with age of (54.6±15.5) years. The age of 60 non-CPA patients was (53.6±17.8) years, including 42 males (70.0%). The proportions of pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the incidence of hemoptysis in CPA group were 79.47%(120/151), 86.09%(130/151), 26.49%(40/151) and 43.71%(66/151), respectively, which were all higher than those in non-CPA group (10.00%(6/60), 25.00%(15/60), 8.33%(5/60) and 11.67%(7/60), respectively), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=86.14, 74.56, 8.44 and 19.48, respectively, all P<0.05). The proportion of interstitial lung disease in non-CPA group was 28.33%(17/60), which was higher than that in CPA group (2.65%, 4/151), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=31.61, P<0.001). The common imaging findings of CPA patients were pulmonary cavity (70.86%, 107/151), cavity inclusions (41.72%, 63/151) and lung damage (33.77%, 51/151). The specificity and sensitivity of serum Aspergillus fumigatus IgG for CPA diagnosis were 81.7% and 68.9%, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.753 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.681 to 0.825, P< 0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of BALF-GM test were 76.7% and 67.5%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.724 (95% CI 0.649 to 0.800, P<0.001). The specificity and sensitivity of the two methods in series combined detection were 95.0% and 44.4%, respectively, and those of the two methods in parallel detection were 60.3% and 94.5%, respectively. The AUC of the combined diagnosis of CPA by the two methods was 0.843 (95% CI 0.783 to 0.903, P<0.001). Conclusions:Serum Aspergillus fumigatus IgG combined with BALF-GM test has a good diagnostic efficacy for CPA. The detection of serum Aspergillus fumigatus IgG is non-invasive and highly specific, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis and treatment of CPA.

Rapid turnover of the intestinal epithelium is a critical strategy to balance the uptake of nutrients and defend against environmental insults, whereas inappropriate death promotes the spread of inflammation. PPARα is highly expressed in the small intestine and regulates the absorption of dietary lipids. However, as a key mediator of inflammation, the impact of intestinal PPARα signaling on cell death pathways is unknown. Here, we show that Pparα deficiency of intestinal epithelium up-regulates necroptosis signals, disrupts the gut vascular barrier, and promotes LPS translocation into the liver. Intestinal Pparα deficiency drives age-related hepatic steatosis and aggravates hepatic fibrosis induced by a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet (HFHS). PPARα levels correlate with TRIM38 and MLKL in the human ileum. Inhibition of PPARα up-regulates necroptosis signals in the intestinal organoids triggered by TNF-α and LPS stimuli via TRIM38/TRIF and CREB3L3/MLKL pathways. Butyric acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by intestinal Pparα deficiency through the inhibition of necroptosis. Our data suggest that intestinal PPARα is essential for the maintenance of microenvironmental homeostasis and the spread of inflammation via the gut-liver axis.

Objective : To investigate the outcomes of a novel direct pulp capping agent containing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methods : A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the PRF+MTA group (P+M group), PRF group (P group), MTA group (M group) and blank control group (BC group), with 8 rabbits per group. Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping were performed, and complete crown square sealing was performed on 2 mandibular central incisor teeth of each rabbit. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized after each observation period (7 and 28 days). The experimental teeth were subjected to HE staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration, calcified bridge formation and pulp tissue disorganization were observed and graded. Results: Inflammatory cell infiltration: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05); group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Calcified bridge formation: on the 7th and 28th days, group P+M was lighter than group P, group M and group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group M was higher than group BC (P<0.05). Under microscope, the calcified bridge contained cellular components and was surrounded by odontoblast-like cells, sharing a structure resembled osteodentin; dentin tubule-like structure could not be observed in calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin. Pulp tissue disorganization: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05). group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Conclusion The combination of PRF and MTA for direct pulp capping provided light inflammatory cell infiltration, stable pulp status and a strong ability of pulp tissue to form calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin.

As the focus of public health work in the world, diabetic foot disease has aroused high public concern. This paper introduces the application of the diabetic foot wearable monitoring equipment types, including plantar pressure monitoring, temperature monitoring, monitoring of the biomechanics and multimode monitoring, and wearable devices application status in patients with diabetes, puts forward the existing problems and prospect, in order to carry out domestic related to diabetic foot wearable monitoring equipment research to provide the reference.