Objective: To explore the differences in the gut microbiota of primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake, so as to provide scientific evidence for better identification of health risks in children and the development of targeted health policies. Methods: In June 2022, a total of 192 healthy primary school students from Chengdu were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The sugar sweetened beverage intake was assessed through a dietary frequency questionnaire. Based on the median daily sugar sweetened beverage intake, primary school students were categorized into a low intake group ( n =96) and a high intake group ( n =96). The gut microbiota in fresh fecal samples from the two groups of primary school students was analyzed using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and the diversity and community structure differences in the gut microbiota were compared. Results: Children in the low intake group had a sugar sweetened beverage intake of (21.3±1.6) mL/d, while the high intake group had an intake of (269.6±37.3) mL/d. Diversity analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the low intake and the high intake group in terms of α diversity metrics: Observed_otus index [298.50 (259.75, 342.25), 305.50 (244.25, 367.75)], Goods_coverage index [1.00 (1.00, 1.00), 1.00 (1.00, 1.00)], Chao index [304.18 (260.75, 348.78), 305.88 (245.68, 370.88)], Shannon index [5.88 (5.29, 6.45), 5.71 (4.89, 6.28)] and Simpson index [0.95 (0.91, 0.97), 0.94 (0.88, 0.97)] ( Z =-0.64, -0.76, -0.54, -1.76, -1.67, P >0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed in β diversity between the two groups ( R 2=0.006, P >0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Blautia [0.033 (0.018, 0.055)] and Fusicatenibacter [0.009 (0.005, 0.015)] were higher in the low intake group compared to the high intake group [0.024 (0.013, 0.041),0.006 (0.003, 0.011)]and differences were statistically significant ( Z =-2.52, -2.81, P <0.05). LEfSe analysis highlighted intergroup differences primarily in Blautia, Fusicatenibacter and Sarcina( LDA= 3.56,3.12,3.53, P <0.05). Conclusions There is no significant difference in the diversity and overall structure of the gut microbiota in primary school students with different levels of sugar sweetened beverage intake. However, there are species variations at the genus level. The information can serve as a scientific basis for identifying health risks in primary school students and formulating targeted health strategies.

The clinical data of one child with metanephric stromal tumor (MST) and BRAF V600E gene mutation admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in June 2022 was analyzed retrospectively.Literature was reviewed.The patient, a 2-year-old girl, was diagnosed with a tumor in the left abdomen.The maximum diameter of the tumor was 10.5 cm.A radical nephrectomy was performed on the left kidney, and postoperative pathology revealed MST.Microscopically, the tumor had no envelope and exhibited expansive growth.The tumor cells were fusiform or stellate, and nuclear division was visible in the cell-rich region.Dysplastic blood vessels were seen inside the tumor.The tumor cells around the blood vessels and invaginated renal tubules were arranged like onion skin.CD34 was detected positive by immunohistochemical staining, and BRAF V600E mutation was also detected positive by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction.A total of 21 relevant case reports were retrieved, including 16 in English and 5 in Chinese.Fifty-eight MST patients, including the one in this report were analyzed.These patients were aged 2 days to 15 years, with a median age of 2 years.Except for 2 patients with unknown sex, the ratio of male to female was about 1.4∶1.0.Most MST patients were asymptomatic, with an average tumor size of 5.3 cm.The tumor cell CD34 showed positive expression in different degrees.Eight patients received the BRAF V600E mutation detection, and the results were all positive.Fifty-eight patients underwent nephrectomy and were followed up for 0-156 months, of which 7 patients were assisted with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.During the follow-up, 1 patient died, and 1 patient had a relapse.MST is a rare benign renal stromal tumor. BRAF V600E mutations are detected in a variety of malignancies.This paper is the first to report MST with BRAF V600E mutation in China and points out the importance of molecular detection of BRAF mutation for accurate diagnosis of MST.

Objective:To construct pancreatic cancer cell lines expressing luciferase and mesothelin (MSLN), and evaluate the feasibility of using them as target cells in analyzing the cytotoxicity activity of immune cells.Methods:Lentiviral vectors expressing luciferase and MSLN genes were constructed, and pancreatic cancer cell lines were infected after lentivirus packaging. Single-cell clones were obtained by limited dilution following antibiotic screening, and the stable expression of the target genes were verified. These cells were used as target cells to detect the cytotoxicity of immune cells by real-time cell analysis (RTCA) and luciferase activity. Besides, these luciferase-expressing cells were transplanted into B-NDG mice to establish the animal models of pancreatic cancer, and in vivo optical imaging technology was used to detect the expression of luciferase and monitor the tumor growth in mice. The cytotoxicity of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells was verified in these animal models. Results:Three pancreatic cancer cell lines, panc-1-luc, panc-1-luc-MSLN and capan-2-luc, that could stably express luciferase and MSLN genes were successfully constructed. The expression of the reporter gene in these cells were high, and positively correlated with the number of cells. There were 95.6% of panc-1-luc-MSLN cells expressing MSLN. MSLN-CAR-T cells had specific killing effect on MSLN-positive panc-1-luc-MSLN cells and capan-2-luc cells, with the minimum killing rates of (70.00±18.19)% and (57.00±5.29)%, respectively. But they had no cytotoxicity to MSLN-negative panc-1-luc cells. RTCA results showed that MSLN-CAR-T cells were able to lyse all three pancreatic cancer cell lines, and the minimum killing rates were (56.33±7.64)%, (93.00±2.65)% and (26.33±28.15)%, respectively. The killing of target cells by NK-92MI cells was not depended on MSLN expression. The cytotoxicity in the mice models of pancreatic cancer was consistent with the results in vitro. The in vivo and in vitro test results suggested that the expression of luciferase by target cells could reflect the cytotoxicity of immune cells. Conclusions:This study establishes three pancreatic cancer cell lines stably expressing luciferase, which can be used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of immunotherapy products targeting tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.

Septic cardiomyopathy(SIC)is an organ dysfunction frequently observed in sepsis and characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis.Understanding the complex pathogenesis of SIC and developing effective therapeutic tools are critical issues that require attention.Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of SIC.In the presence of SIC,and the mitochondrial dysfunction that result,the aberrant regulation of the mitochondrial quality control system(MQC)can exacerbate cardiomyocyte injury.Recent studies have demonstrated that the MQC maintains the dynamics of mitochondrial homeostasis through its regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis,fusion/fission,and autophagy.This article provides an overview of the role of MQC in SIC pathogenesis,reviews the latest studies in the field,and analyzes MQC's potential as a therapeutic target.

Objective:To investigate the value of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) and pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) in predicting mortality of pediatric sepsis in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) from Southwest China.Methods:This was a prospective multicenter observational study. A total of 447 children with sepsis admitted to 12 PICU in Southwest China from April 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Based on the prognosis, the patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group. The physiological parameters of SIRS, pSOFA and PCIS were recorded and scored within 24 h after PICU admission. The general clinical data and some laboratory results were recorded. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the predictive value of SIRS, pSOFA and PCIS in mortality of pediatric sepsis.Results:Amongst 447 children with sepsis, 260 patients were male and 187 patients were female, aged 2.5 (0.8, 7.0) years, 405 patients were in the survival group and 42 patients were in the non-survival group. 418 patients (93.5%) met the criteria of SIRS, and 440 patients (98.4%) met the criteria of pSOFA≥2. There was no significant difference in the number of items meeting the SIRS criteria between the survival group and the non-survival group (3(2, 4) vs. 3(3, 4) points, Z=1.30, P=0.192). The pSOFA score of the non-survival group was significantly higher than that of the survival group (9(6, 12) vs. 4(3, 7) points, Z=6.56, P<0.001), and the PCIS score was significantly lower than that of the survival group (72(68, 81) vs. 82(76, 88) points, Z=5.90, P<0.001). The predictive value of pSOFA (AUC=0.82) and PCIS (AUC=0.78) for sepsis mortality was significantly higher than that of SIRS (AUC=0.56) ( Z=6.59, 4.23, both P<0.001). There was no significant difference between pSOFA and PCIS ( Z=1.35, P=0.176). Platelet count, procalcitonin, lactic acid, albumin, creatinine, total bilirubin, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and international normalized ratio were all able to predict mortality of sepsis to a certain degree (AUC=0.64, 0.68, 0.80, 0.64, 0.68, 0.60, 0.77, 0.75, 0.76, all P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with SIRS, both pSOFA and PCIS had better predictive value in the mortality of pediatric sepsis in PICU.

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Butyrates ; Ligands ; Glucose ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinases/metabolism* ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Phosphorylation

Objective:To analyze the difference of clinical characteristics and outcomes of infants with moderate and severe pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome(PARDS)diagnosed according to baseline oxygenation index(OI) in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:Second analysis of the data collected from the "Efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the treatment of children with moderate and severe ARDS" program.Retrospectively compare of the differences in clinical data such as general condition, underlying diseases, OI, mechanical ventilation, PS administration and outcomes among infants with moderate and severe PARDS divided by baseline OI who admitted to PICUs at 14 participating tertiary hospitals from 2016 to December 2021.Results:Among the 101 cases, 55 cases (54.5%) were moderate and 46 cases (45.5%) were severe PARDS.The proportion of male in the severe group (50.0% vs.72.7%, P=0.019) and the pediatric critical illness score(PCIS)[72 (68, 78) vs.76 (70, 80), P=0.019] were significantly lower than those in the moderate group, while there was no significant difference regarding age, body weight, etiology of PARDS and underlying diseases.The utilization rate of high-frequency ventilator in the severe group was significantly higher than that in the moderate group (34.8% vs.10.9%, P=0.004), but there was no significant difference in PS use, fluid load and pulmonary complications.The 24 h OI improvement (0.26±0.33 vs.0.04±0.34, P=0.001) and the 72 h OI improvement[0.34 (-0.04, 0.62) vs.0.15 (-0.14, 0.42), P=0.029)]in the severe group were significantly better than those in the moderate group, but there was no significant difference regarding mortality, length of hospital stay and intubation duration after diagnosis of PARDS between the two groups. Conclusion:In moderate and severe(divided by baseline OI) PARDS infants with invasive mechanical ventilation, children in severe group have better oxygenation improvement in the early stage after PARDS identified and are more likely to receive high frequency ventilation compared to those in moderate group.Baseline OI can not sensitively distinguish the outcomes and is not an ideal index for PARDS grading of this kind of patient.

Objective:To evaluate the role of spinal cord microglia in chronic pain after chronic heart failure (CHF) in mice.Methods:Eighteen SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-12 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), CHF group, and CHF+ microglia inhibitor PLX3397 group (CHF+ PLX group). The model of chronic heart failure was prepared by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery in anesthetized mice. Mice were continuously fed a PLX3397-containing diet from 7 days before preparing the model to 28 days after preparing the model in CHF + PLX group. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography at 28 days after surgery. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured on 1 day before developing the model (T 0) and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after developing the model (T 1-5). The mice were sacrificed under deep anesthesia after the pain threshold was measured at T 5, and the spinal cord tissues of the lumbar segment (T 2-6 and L 4-6) were removed for determination of the expression of microglial marker Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn (by immunofluorescence method). Results:Compared with Sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate were significantly decreased, and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole were increased, the TWL was shortened and MWT was decreased at T 4-5, and the expression of Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated in CHF group ( P<0.05). Compared with CHF group, the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular short axis shortening rate were significantly increased, and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole and the left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole were decreased, the TWL was prolong and MWT was increased at T 2-5, and the expression of Iba1 in the spinal dorsal horn was down-regulated in CHF+ PLX group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The chronic pain after CHF may be related to microglial activation in the spinal cord of mice.

Objective: To investigate the retention rate and anticaries effects of pit and fissure sealant in the first permanent after 5 years among children in Henan Province. Methods: Random cluster sampling was used in 8 counties/districts of Henan Province that participated in the comprehensive intervention program for children s oral diseases in 2015. One project school was selected from each county, and two classes of sixth grade students were selected from each school. In the selected class, children who underwent pit and fissure sealing in the first permanent molars in 2015 were treated as the experimental group, and children who met the indications but did not undergo pit and fissure sealing were treated as the control group. The retention of sealant and caries in the first permanent molars were investigated. Results: After 5 years of pit and fissure sealing, the complete retention rate, partial retention rate and complete abscission rate were 15.84%, 55.32% and 28.84%, respectively. The incidence of caries in the experimental group (19.02%, 0.44±0.87) was lower than that in the control group (27.91%, 0.54±1.00) ( χ 2/t =11.98, 2.63, P <0.05). The caries reduction rate was 31.85%. The rate of net benefit was 8.59%. The higher the retention rate of sealant, the lower the incidence of caries ( χ 2=167.16, P <0.01). Conclusion The long term effect of the comprehensive intervention project on children s oral diseases in Henan Province is promising. Pit and fissure sealant can effectively prevent caries in children s first permanent molars.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of poor vision and eyeglass prescription, refractive examination among primary school students of grade 4-6 in Henan, so as to provide scientific basis for precise interventions for student vision health. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate a total of 29 187 students of grade 4-6 from 17 cities in Henan Province. Distant vision examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. Results: The overall prevalence of poor vision for grade 4-6 students in Henan was 63.6%, with girls (69.0%) higher than boys (59.0%),urban students (65.3%) higher than suburban students (62.5%)( χ 2=312.6, 23.6, P <0.01). The prevalence of severe poor vision was 28.5%.With the increase of grade, the detection rate of poor vision and severe poor vision increased( χ 2 trend =278.7, 775.4, P <0.01). Totally 13.2% of pupil did not have a visual examination in the past year. The rate of wearing glasses was 27.0% for students with poor eyesight and 3.2% for students with poor monocular eyesight. Totally 46.8% of the students wearing glasses received mydriatic optometry before wearing glasses. Conclusion The problem of poor vision among students of grade 4-6 in Henan is prominent, so it is necessary to strengthen eyesight monitoring and eye health education.