Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and innervation patterns of pain-and itch-sensing nerves in dif-ferent regions of skin tissue.Methods Using Trpv1Cre;Ai9 and SstCre;Ai9 transgenic mouse systems,to analyze the distribution and in-nervation patterns of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1+)pain-sensing nerves and somatostatin(SST+)itch-sensing nerves in the skin of the forelimbs,hindlimbs and dorsal abdomen.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to quantitatively detect the distribution ratios of these two types of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG).Results Free nerve terminal of both pain-and itch-sensing nerves were observed in the epidermal and dermal layers of skin tissue across all regions,but their morphological and distribution characteristics differed significantly.In the dermis,the two types of nerve fibers exhibited a parallel innervation pattern,while in the epidermis,their distribution tended to be more dispersed.Pain-sensing nerve terminal displayed a dense,filamentous distribu-tion,whereas itch-sensing nerve terminal were arranged in a sparse,bead-like pattern.In the DRG,the proportion of pain-sensing neuronal cell bodies was 76.13％±2.33％,while itch-sensing neuronal cell bodies accounted for only 7.58％±2.59％.Additionally,TRPV 1 was not only expressed in pain-sensing nerve fibers but also showed high expression in the stratum corneum,dermis,and inter-muscular layers of the plantar skin.In contrast,SST was primarily expressed in itch-sensing nerve fibers,with minor expression in peri-follicular cells.Conclusion Pain-and itch-sensing nerve fibers exhibit distinct innervation patterns in the skin.The widespread and dense distribution of pain-sensing nerve terminal may provide a structural basis for the rapid detection of potential noxious stimuli.This study offers morphological evidence to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of peripheral sensory nervous system function.

Objective:To explore and compare the effect and prognosis of small bone window surgery at different timings in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods:Using a retrospective analysis, HICH patients admitted to department of neurosurgery of Guihang Guiyang Hospital were selected from May 2021 to May 2023. According to the different surgical timings, the patients were divided into ultra-early group (time from onset to surgery <6 h) and early group (onset to surgery time ≥6~<24 h). Propensity score was used to match 51 cases in each group. The perioperative indicators (surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, hematoma clearance rate), incidence rates of complications, neurological function (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel index), endothelin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) before surgery and after 7 days of surgery, clinical efficacy (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)) at 1 month after surgery, rebleeding rate and mortality rate within 1 year after surgery were compared between both groups. Chi-square test was used for between-group comparison of enumeration data, t test was adopted for between-group comparison of measurement data with normal distribution, and non-parametric rank sum test was adopted for comparison of ranked data between groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay in ultra-early group with (186.54±20.15) mL and (14.45±2.04) d were significantly less or shorter than (220.10±24.61) mL and (16.79±2.52) d in early group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 7.54 and 5.15; both P<0.001). At 7 days after surgery, the NIHSS ((14.55±1.57) and (16.14±2.13) points), endothelin ((69.14±6.37) and (73.48±6.83) mg/L) and AVP ((12.81±2.02) and (14.35±2.23) μg/L) in ultra-early group and early group were significantly lower than before ((32.67±3.81) and (32.38±3.53) points, (89.67±7.25) and (88.24±6.38) mg/L, (18.47±2.41) and (18.04±2.37) μg/L) while the Barthel index ((72.35±10.14) and (67.45±9.78) points) was significantly higher than before ((49.45±7.41) and (47.87±7.37) points),and the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 31.40, 28.13, 15.19, 11.28, 12.85, 8.10, 13.02, and 11.42, respectively; all P<0.001) and the NIHSS, endothelin and AVP in ultra-early group were significantly lower than in early group, while the Barthel index was significantly higher than early group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 4.29, 3.32, 3.66, and 2.48 respectively; P values were <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, and 0.015, respectively ). GOS grading (grade I-grade V: 1, 3, 9, 22, 16 cases) in ultra-early group at 1 month after surgery was significantly better than that in early group (grade I-V: 3, 5, 10, 26, 7 cases) ( Z=1.97, P=0.049). Conclusion:Both ultra-early and early small bone window surgery have good results in the treatment of HICH, but ultra-early surgery is more beneficial to the recovery of patients' neurological function and has better prognosis, which can be used as a reference.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and depression， and to provide a basis for synergistic management in clinical practice. MethodsThis study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines， with the PROSPERO registration number of CRD42023482013. PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， and CBM were searched for articles on the association between NAFLD and depression published up to November 1， 2024. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， and related data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform the Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 18 studies were included， involving 396 793 participants. Among these studies， 12 discussed the influence of NAFLD on depression， involving 224 269 participants， among whom there were 75 574 patients with NAFLD. The Meta-analysis showed that NAFLD was significantly associated with the risk of depression （odds ratio ［OR］=1.21， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.12 — 1.30， P0.001）. Six studies examined the influence of depression on NAFLD， involving 172 524 participants， among whom there were 29 368 patients with depression. The meta-analysis showed that depression caused a significant increase in the risk of NAFLD （OR=1.13， 95%CI： 1.05 — 1.22， P=0.001）. ConclusionThere is a significant bidirectional association between NAFLD and depression. It is recommended to perform the screening for depression and enhance mental health monitoring in patients with NAFLD， and metabolic function assessment and exercise intervention should be performed for patients with depression.

Objective:To explore and compare the effect and prognosis of small bone window surgery at different timings in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).Methods:Using a retrospective analysis, HICH patients admitted to department of neurosurgery of Guihang Guiyang Hospital were selected from May 2021 to May 2023. According to the different surgical timings, the patients were divided into ultra-early group (time from onset to surgery <6 h) and early group (onset to surgery time ≥6~<24 h). Propensity score was used to match 51 cases in each group. The perioperative indicators (surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, hematoma clearance rate), incidence rates of complications, neurological function (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel index), endothelin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) before surgery and after 7 days of surgery, clinical efficacy (Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)) at 1 month after surgery, rebleeding rate and mortality rate within 1 year after surgery were compared between both groups. Chi-square test was used for between-group comparison of enumeration data, t test was adopted for between-group comparison of measurement data with normal distribution, and non-parametric rank sum test was adopted for comparison of ranked data between groups.Results:The intraoperative blood loss and hospital stay in ultra-early group with (186.54±20.15) mL and (14.45±2.04) d were significantly less or shorter than (220.10±24.61) mL and (16.79±2.52) d in early group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 7.54 and 5.15; both P<0.001). At 7 days after surgery, the NIHSS ((14.55±1.57) and (16.14±2.13) points), endothelin ((69.14±6.37) and (73.48±6.83) mg/L) and AVP ((12.81±2.02) and (14.35±2.23) μg/L) in ultra-early group and early group were significantly lower than before ((32.67±3.81) and (32.38±3.53) points, (89.67±7.25) and (88.24±6.38) mg/L, (18.47±2.41) and (18.04±2.37) μg/L) while the Barthel index ((72.35±10.14) and (67.45±9.78) points) was significantly higher than before ((49.45±7.41) and (47.87±7.37) points),and the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 31.40, 28.13, 15.19, 11.28, 12.85, 8.10, 13.02, and 11.42, respectively; all P<0.001) and the NIHSS, endothelin and AVP in ultra-early group were significantly lower than in early group, while the Barthel index was significantly higher than early group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 4.29, 3.32, 3.66, and 2.48 respectively; P values were <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, and 0.015, respectively ). GOS grading (grade I-grade V: 1, 3, 9, 22, 16 cases) in ultra-early group at 1 month after surgery was significantly better than that in early group (grade I-V: 3, 5, 10, 26, 7 cases) ( Z=1.97, P=0.049). Conclusion:Both ultra-early and early small bone window surgery have good results in the treatment of HICH, but ultra-early surgery is more beneficial to the recovery of patients' neurological function and has better prognosis, which can be used as a reference.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics and innervation patterns of pain-and itch-sensing nerves in dif-ferent regions of skin tissue.Methods Using Trpv1Cre;Ai9 and SstCre;Ai9 transgenic mouse systems,to analyze the distribution and in-nervation patterns of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1+)pain-sensing nerves and somatostatin(SST+)itch-sensing nerves in the skin of the forelimbs,hindlimbs and dorsal abdomen.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to quantitatively detect the distribution ratios of these two types of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia(DRG).Results Free nerve terminal of both pain-and itch-sensing nerves were observed in the epidermal and dermal layers of skin tissue across all regions,but their morphological and distribution characteristics differed significantly.In the dermis,the two types of nerve fibers exhibited a parallel innervation pattern,while in the epidermis,their distribution tended to be more dispersed.Pain-sensing nerve terminal displayed a dense,filamentous distribu-tion,whereas itch-sensing nerve terminal were arranged in a sparse,bead-like pattern.In the DRG,the proportion of pain-sensing neuronal cell bodies was 76.13％±2.33％,while itch-sensing neuronal cell bodies accounted for only 7.58％±2.59％.Additionally,TRPV 1 was not only expressed in pain-sensing nerve fibers but also showed high expression in the stratum corneum,dermis,and inter-muscular layers of the plantar skin.In contrast,SST was primarily expressed in itch-sensing nerve fibers,with minor expression in peri-follicular cells.Conclusion Pain-and itch-sensing nerve fibers exhibit distinct innervation patterns in the skin.The widespread and dense distribution of pain-sensing nerve terminal may provide a structural basis for the rapid detection of potential noxious stimuli.This study offers morphological evidence to clarify the regulatory mechanisms of peripheral sensory nervous system function.

Objective By using CiteSpace-based visualization analysis to investigate the main research contents,research frontiers,author cooperation network and institutional cooperation network of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment for patients after receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)so as to provide reference for the TCM diagnosis,treatment and research of patients after receiving PCI.Methods A computerized retrieval of academic papers concerning TCM treatment of patients after receiving PCI from CNKI,VIP and Wanfang databases was conducted.The retrieved literature materials were input into NoteExpress software to make the literature screening and the data cleaning.CiteSpace software was used to analyze the key words,authors,institutions,etc.Results A total of 1 708 articles were obtained;the number of published articles in 2020 was the largest,which was up to 137 articles.The core authors accounted for 4.37％of the total number of authors who had written articles,but no core author group had been formed yet.Liaoning province of China was the region where the number of published articles was the largest,and there was no effective collaboration network between different areas.The cluster analysis yielded 25 clusters,448 key nodes and 1 266 lines.The main cluster results were coronary heart disease,acute coronary syndrome,acute myocardial infarction,restenosis,etc.The analysis of emergent words(i.e.the suddenly increased frequency of a certain key word in a certain period)yielded 24 emergent words,including syndrome differentiation of TCM,ginseng peony oral liquid,cardiac rehabilitation,etc.Conclusion The main research contents of TCM treatment for patients after PCI include syndrome differentiation of TCM,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical trials,etc.Postoperative pathological phenomena such as restenosis are the research difficulties in this field,and anxiety,dual-mind TCM,and cardiac rehabilitation are the current research hotspots.TCM has definite efficacy in promoting the recovery of cardiac function after PCI,in reducing the incidence of postoperative events such as restenosis,and in improving anxiety and depression.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of stereotactic surgery in patients with refractory mental disorders.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed; clinical data, postoperative complications and medication intake of 149 patients with refractory mental disorders accepted stereotactic surgery in Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital, Wuhan University from August 2019 to December 2023 were collected. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery by Clinical Global Impression-Global Improvement (CGI-GI). Before and 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery, severities were assessed by Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-SI); cognition was assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); positive and negative symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS); psychotic symptoms were evaluated by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90); obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and manic symptoms were assessed by Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Scale (Y-BOCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), respectively; social functioning and quality of survival were evaluated by Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref Form (WHOQOL-BREF).Results:(1) Increased sleep was noted in 47 patients and fatigue in 38 patients within 1 week after surgery. Behavioral laziness and emotional apathy were still presented at 1 month after surgery in 6 patients, and complications disappeared in the rest patients. Mildly reduced initiative was presented at 12 months after surgery in 5 patients. (2) CGI-GI indicated that 149 patients were followed up 1 month after surgery with an overall efficiency of 85.90%; 135 patients were followed up at 6 months after surgery with an overall efficiency of 83.21%, 106 patients were followed up at 12 months after surgery with an overall efficiency of 79.24%, and 63 patients were followed up at 24 months after surgery with an overall efficiency of 80.95%. (3) Compared with those before surgery, significantly lower BPRS scores, significantly lower PANSS positive, negative, and overall scores, statistically lower BAI, BDI-II, YMRS, and MOAS scores, significantly lower Y-BOCS obsessional thinking, compulsive behavior and total scores, significantly higher WHOQOL-BREF (physical and psychological domains) scores, and significantly lower SDSS and SCL-90 scores were noted in patients at 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery ( P<0.05). (4) At 12 months after surgery, withdrawal drug was noted in 13 patients, reduced drug in 38, same dose in 52, and increased drug in 2 patients. Conclusion:Stereotactic surgery can obviously improve obsession, anxiety, depression, mania and aggression, and modify social functioning and quality of survival in patients with refractory mental disorders, enjoying good safety.

Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological reparative response of the liver to chronic injury and a crucial step in the progression of chronic liver disease， characterized mainly by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and diffuse deposition of extracellular matrix. Currently， there is no ideal specific drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis in clinical practice. In recent years， with the development and progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of liver fibrosis， TCM has been widely recognized for its significant therapeutic effect and fewer adverse reactions. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway is an important pathway that affects the formation and development of liver fibrosis. It mainly plays a role in liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells， promoting their apoptosis， reducing oxidative stress in liver cells， decreasing the deposition of extracellular matrix， and enhancing liver cell autophagy. This article summarized the mechanisms by which Chinese medicinal monomers regulated the PI3K/Akt pathway to exert their effects on liver fibrosis and their synergistic effects with other signaling pathways， providing a theoretical basis and references for the development of new drugs for the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive tract and seriously threatens the life of patients due to a high incidence rate， a high degree of malignancy， strong invasion and metastasis， and poor prognosis. At present， the main methods for the prevention and treatment of HCC include drugs， surgery， and interventional treatment， but all of these methods have certain adverse reactions and side effects. As an important intracellular signal transduction pathway in the human body， the JAK/STAT signaling pathway mainly exerts an anti-HCC effect by regulating cell invasion， metastasis， proliferation， growth， apoptosis， autophagy， angiogenesis， inflammation/immune response， iron metabolism， and drug resistance. Therefore， targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of the development and progression of HCC. Traditional Chinese medicine has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of multiple targets， pathways， components， and levels in the treatment of HCC， and many cell or animal experiments on traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC have shown that the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is an important target for the prevention and treatment of HCC， with the effects of improving liver function， reducing HCC recurrence， and improving immunity. Based on this， this article analyzes the mechanism of action of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in HCC， as well as the intervention effect of traditional Chinese medicine monomers， traditional Chinese medicine extracts， and traditional Chinese medicine compounds on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway， in order to provide theoretical basis and reference for the prevention and treatment of HCC and the research and development of new traditional Chinese medicine drugs.

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear, and currently no effective drugs have been approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Polygonum cuspidatum is a natural traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of application, and studies have shown that it plays an important role in the treatment of NAFLD. This article summarizes related research findings in the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum applied in the treatment of NAFLD, and it is found that the active components of Polygonum cuspidatum can improve insulin resistance, exert an anti-oxidative stress effect, regulate lipid metabolism, improve endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alleviate inflammatory infiltration by regulating the signaling pathways including Nrf2, AMPK, NF-κB, SIRT1, and PPARα, thereby exerting a preventive and therapeutic effect on NAFLD, so as to provide a basis and ideas for developing drugs for NAFLD and exploring related mechanisms.