Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is expected to assist physicians in improving the accuracy and efficiency of embryo assessment. However, embryo development is a continuous and dynamic process, when is meaningful or the whole development process need to be considered? Some research teams use static image analysis, which loses much important information, and others utilize algorithm-driven applications of "black-box" models to analyse embryo videos, which have limited their interpretability or explainability. Machine learning or deep learning is prone to abused due to its inherent complexity, and in order to apply AI more accurately, this paper discusses the clinical implications of algorithmic interpretations of AI in human embryo ploidy prediction.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is expected to assist physicians in improving the accuracy and efficiency of embryo assessment. However, embryo development is a continuous and dynamic process, when is meaningful or the whole development process need to be considered? Some research teams use static image analysis, which loses much important information, and others utilize algorithm-driven applications of "black-box" models to analyse embryo videos, which have limited their interpretability or explainability. Machine learning or deep learning is prone to abused due to its inherent complexity, and in order to apply AI more accurately, this paper discusses the clinical implications of algorithmic interpretations of AI in human embryo ploidy prediction.

Objective:To explore the effect of endometriosis (EM) on reproductive outcomes of young patient with EM after laparoscopic treatment in the first in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle.Methods:The clinical data and reproductive outcomes of 394 infertile patients with EM after laparoscopic treatment (EM group) and 3 242 infertile patients caused by gamete transport disorder (control group) in the first IVF-ET cycle were collected in Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children from January 2016 to June 2021. The information included baseline characteristics, oocyte retrieval, embryo development, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and live birth. Propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to perform 1∶2 matching between EM group and control group. The impact of EM on reproductive outcomes was analyzed in the retrospective observational study.Results:In the initial data, compared with control group, the number of two pronucleus (2PN) zygotes (9.7±4.8 vs 9.0±4.4), the number of transferable embryos (6.2±3.6 vs 5.5±3.4) and the rate of transferable embryos (64.0% vs 60.8%) on the third day were significantly lower in EM group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After PSM was performed, there were 394 and 787 cases in EM group and control group, respectively. Compared with control group, the number of 2PN zygotes (9.7±4.9 vs 9.0±4.4), the 2PN fertility rate (77.1% vs 75.3%), the number of transferable embryos on the third day (6.2±3.6 vs 5.5±3.4), the transferable embryos rate on the third day (63.8% vs 60.8%) were significantly lower in EM group, and the differences were statically significant (all P<0.05). The study did not find the effect of EM on embryo implantation rate, pregnancy rate, early miscarriage rate, live birth rate and preterm birth rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions:EM might interfere with the development of oocytes and embryos. Obtaining top-quality embryos may be an effective way to improve the prognosis of patients with EM after laparoscopic treatment.

Lymphoplasmapheresis(LPE) is a combination of plasma exchange and lymphocyte separation technology. It can not only remove autoimmune antibodies, but also remove the immune active cells producing these antibodies. At the same time, it can inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses, and improve the efficiency and reliability of treatment. This technology is safe, reliable, and easy to operate. In recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and the suppression of immune rejection after organ transplantation, especially in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper summarizes the clinical application status of LPE in immune-related diseases at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the clinical promotion of LPE, and makes a prospect of its application value.

Time-lapse technology (TLT) has entered a stage of rapid development with the recognition of morphological parameters and kinetic parameters of embryos in vitro. TLT can continuously record the detailed images of embryo from fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation and find the details that traditional observation embryo technology cannot find, providing the basis for embryo screening. In addition, TLT can also play a role in clinical applications and quality control of laboratory. At the same time, TLT also has some problems in in vitro embryo development analysis and artificial intelligence development, which will be discussed in this paper.

Time-lapse technology (TLT) has entered a stage of rapid development with the recognition of morphological parameters and kinetic parameters of embryos in vitro. TLT can continuously record the detailed images of embryo from fertilization, cleavage and blastocyst formation and find the details that traditional observation embryo technology cannot find, providing the basis for embryo screening. In addition, TLT can also play a role in clinical applications and quality control of laboratory. At the same time, TLT also has some problems in in vitro embryo development analysis and artificial intelligence development, which will be discussed in this paper.

To investigate the cytotoxicity of the homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 and its efficacy of RNA interference (RNAi). MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the liposome to a human lung cancer cell line Luc-A549 that can express luciferase stably. Luciferase siRNA (Luc-siRNA) was transfected into Luc-A549 cells by CDO14. Contents of luciferase in the transfected cells were detected by luminous instrument and contents of total protein in these cells were detected by BCA method. Nude mice were inoculated with Luc-A549 cells in axilla to establish xenograft tumor model. Complexes of Luc-siRNA and the cationic liposomes were injected into the modeling mice via tail vein. Contents of luciferase in the transfected mice were detected by the whole body imaging system. The cytotoxicity of the homemade cationic liposome was similar to that of commercial liposome DOTAP, and lower than that of Lipo2000. The siRNA transfection efficacy mediated by CDO14 was higher than that mediated by DOTAP. The homemade peptide cationic liposome CDO14 is expected to serve as delivery vector in gene therapy because of its low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency.
Animals ; Cations ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liposomes ; Luciferases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Peptides ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication after orthopedic, gynecological, and obstetric operations. However, instances of this complication after oral and maxillofacial surgeries have been rarely reported. We report a case with odontogenic keratocyst in the jaw that gained left lower extremity venous thrombosis after operation, and discuss the risk factors and prevention of lower extremity venous thrombosis through literature review.
Cysts ; surgery ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Mandibular Diseases ; surgery ; Risk Factors ; Venous Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis is a common complication after orthopedic, gynecological, and obstetric operations. However, instances of this complication after oral and maxillofacial surgeries have been rarely reported. We report a case with odontogenic keratocyst in the jaw that gained left lower extremity venous thrombosis after operation, and discuss the risk factors and prevention of lower extremity venous thrombosis through literature review.

In order to study the efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfer mediated by cationic liposome, we used luciferase siRNA to evaluate the gene silencing activity in the Hep-2 cells, which were stably transduced with a luciferase gene. The pDNA transfection was studied, and siRNA arrearage assay was conducted to determine the capability of cationic liposome with siRNA. Different concentrations of siRNA was used to silence luciferase gene' activity, and then the result was examined by microplate reader. Cell viability was analyzed after transfection by MTT assay. The results suggested that Lipofectamine 2000 could transfer the pDNA efficiently, and have strong binding capacity with siRNA. The silencing efficiency of luciferase was obtained with low concentration of siRNA. The cell viability was influenced by RNA interference (RNAi) very slightly, but the cell survival rate decreased with the increase of siRNA concentrations. It was well concluded that by optimizing the experimental conditions, cationic liposome can transfer low concentration siRNA to silence target gene's activity efficiently.
Cations ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Genetic Vectors ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Luciferases ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Transfection