The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development,and is a key pathway mediating carcinogenesis. Therefore,further studies of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway may provide powerful help for exploring the pathogenesis of tumors and seeking effective diagnosis and therapy. This article reviews the research progress of Wnt/be-ta-catenin signaling pathway and tumorigenesis.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participates in cancer cell proliferation,invasion and metastasis and effectively induces drug resistance.It is also the key signal to mediate cancer carcinogenesis.Recent studies in vitro indicate that disturbance of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can increase the sensitivity of the cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.In-depth researches and analysis of tumor drug resistance induced by Wnt/β-catenin will provide potential targets and possible therapeutic means for the treatment of tumors.

Objective To evaluate the mid‐term efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) and microsurgical lumbar discectomy (MSLD) for treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH) .Methods 98 patients with single segment LDH in the Orthopedic department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 2009 to April 2010 were divided into 2 groups ,including 44 cases undergoing MED and 54 cases undergoing MSLD .The operative efficacies were assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) , Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) .Results There were statistically significant differences in the skin incision length ,amount of intraoperative blood loss and time of returning to work between the two groups (P<0 .01) ,while the operation time ,average hospital stay time and incidence of complications showed no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05) .The mean follow‐up duration was 49 .13 months in the MED group and 47 .24 months in the MSLD group respectively .At the last follow‐up the postoperative back and leg pain VAS scores ,JOA scores and ODI in each group were signifi‐cantly improved compared with the preoperative data (P<0 .01) .However ,there were no statistically significant differences in the intergroup comparison .Conclusion MED and MSLD are the effective methods for treating single segment LDH .However ,MED has less trauma and early out‐of‐bed ambulation ,is an ideal minimally invasive surgery .

Objective To observe effect of muscle basal lamina containing neural stem cells (NSCs) in repair of spinal cord injury.Methods Thirty-six SD rats from the same nest were used in the study and spinal cord hemisection models were induced.The animals were classified to blank control group (clearance of the lesion edge only with isotonic saline),NSCs group (transplantation of NSCs to the edge),NSCs + muscle basal lamina group (transplantation of complex of NSCs and muscle basal lamina to the edge) according to random number table,with 12 rats per group.At weeks 4 and 8,survival and migration of the transplanted cells and compatibility of muscle basal lamina with the host were detected.At weeks 2,4,and 8,the hindlimb function was assayed using BBB scoring system.Results NSCs in NSCs + muscle basal lamina group grew at the lesion edge,migrated to both sides of the edge,and integrated with peripheral tissues.Whereas,few NSCs survived at the lesion edge in NSCs group and inflammatory cell infiltration was notable.At week 2,there was no statistical difference of BBB score among the three groups.At weeks 4 and 8,BBB score in NSCs + muscle basal lamina group (7.92 ± 1.00,11.38 ± 1.51) was significantly higher than that in blank control group (3.82 ± 0.75,3.71 ± 0.76) and NSCs group (6.25 ±1.06,8.25 ± 1.83) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Muscle basal lamina orients growth of NSCs along its lumen,facilitates migration of host cells to ground substance within its lumen,and reduces local inflammatory reaction.

BACKGROUND:In the development of nervous system, the main effect of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is to induce the partition of dorsal and ventral sides in the central nervous system. When above signaling pathway is destroyed, ventral neurons in the central nervous system wil completely lose. OBJECTIVE: To establish adult rat models of acute compressive spinal cord injury, to detect the expression of development-related sonic hedgehog after acute compressive spinal cord injury, and to explore its effects on neural regeneration. METHODS:A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats at the same age were placed in a posterior compression device to establish models of acute compressive spinal cord injury. They were then randomly divided into lamina driling group (n=5) and acute spinal cord injury group (n=25). Sonic hedgehog mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization method at the injury site at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression levels of sonic hedgehog increased to the maximal expression levels in grey and white matters 10 mm distal to the lesion site at 7 days after injury. Sonic hedgehog expression was apparently less in ependymal cels than in grey and white matters and was restricted to 5 mm distal to the lesion site, being narrower in its distribution than its occurrence in grey and white matters. These data indicated that acute compressive spinal cord injury can induce the expression of sonic hedgehog. This expression maybe relates to adult neural cel regeneration.

Objective To evaluate the role of neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) in neuropathic pain (NP) in rats.Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8 weeks,weighing 190-210 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),group NP and NPY2R antisense ohgonucleotide group (group ODN).NP was induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI).5 μg/μl NPY2R antisense oligonucleotide 30 μl was injected intrathecally 7 days after CCI in group ODN.While normal saline 30 μl was injected intrathecally in group S.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold and cold allodynia were measured 3 days before CCI (T0,baseline),7 days after CCI (T1) and at 15 min,1.5,3.0,4.5 and 6.0 h after intrathecal injection (T2-6).The animals were then sacrificed after the last measurement and the lumbar segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of NPY2R and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons (by immuno fluoresceence).Results Compared with group S,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly decreased and cold allodynia was increased at T1-6,and the expression of NPY2R and CGRP and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons was up-regulated in NP and ODN groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NP,the mechanical paw with-drawal threshold was significantly increased at T3-5,and the expression of NPY2R and co-expression of NPY2R with CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in cold allodynia and the expression of CGRP in spinal dorsal horn neurons in ODN group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion NPY2R in the spinal cord dorsal horn is involved in the maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia,but not in the maintenance of clod hyperalgesia in rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect and mechanism of monosialotetrahexosyl gangliosides ( GM-1 ) on neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats by observing the effect of GM1 on the expression and motor function of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and Choline acetyltransterase (ChAT). MethodsSixty-six adult female Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were enrolled in the study and six were selected randomly as the normal control group. The rest were divided into GM1 group (group A, n =30) and normal saline control group (group B, n =30) after acute contusion injury was made at T10 level according to the improved Allen's method. At days 1,3, 7, 14 and 28 after operation, the neurological function of the low extremities was assessed with the improved Tarlov scale. Then,the rats were sacrificed to obtain the spinal cord tissues. There were six rats in each group at different time points. The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT were detected with immunohistochemistry after SCI in rats. ResultsThe improved Tarlov scale in the Group A was higher than that in the Group B after SCI since the 7th day after operation, with statistical difference at day 7, 14 and 28 after operation ( P ＜0. 05). The expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT in the Group A were higher than that in the Group B after SCI ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsThe neurological function recovery of the low extremities has some correlations with the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI in the rats. GM-1 can protect the neurons by promoting the expressions of MAP-2 and ChAT after SCI.

Objective To discuss the selection and clinical efficacy of operative methods for subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 11 patients with subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury treated from January 2004 to June 2009. According to Allen' s classification, all patients suffered from retracted flexion injuries, including seven patients with Ⅰ degree dislocation, one with Ⅱ degree dislocation and three with Ⅲ degree dislocation. There were eighth patients with old dislocation and three with fresh dislocation, both of which were simple cervical trauma without other organ injuries. Open reduction, internal fixation and iliac bone graft spinal fusion were performed in seven patients and combined posterior and anterior open reduction,internal fixation and iliac bone graft spinal fusion in four. All the patients were followed up for observation of clinical effect. Results All operations were completed successfully. There were 11 patients at Frankel grade E preoperatively and 11 at grade E postoperatively. X-ray photographs showed that the sequence and curvature of the cervical spine recovered to normal after operation. All patients were followed up for 3-31 months postoperatively, which showed no redislocation or symptoms of spinal cord injury.Conclusion For lower cervical dislocation combined with locked facet, one-stage combined anterior and posterior reduction and internal fixation should be performed. While for those without locked facet, simple anterior reduction and bone graft spinal fusion is needed. Open reduction, internal fixation and bone graft spinal fusion are effective method for treatment of subaxial cervical dislocation without spinal cord injury.

Objective To describe the method and clinical result of super sural neuromusculocutaneous flap grafting plus catheter irrigation in the treatment for chronic lateral malleolus osteomyelitis. Methods From March 2000 to March 2008, 17 cases, male 14, femal 3, 21 to 75 years old (average 43-year-old),were underwent reversed saphenous musculocutaneous island flap after wide excision of lateralmalleolus lesion. The cause of lateral-malleolus lesions was trauma. The smallest flap was 5 cm× 6 cm and the largest was 7 cm × 11 cm. Catheter irrigation was used in all cases. Results Follow-up ranged from 12 to 96 months, average 49 months. After operation, the wounds were irrigated with sensitive antibiotics 1 to 2.5 months(average 49 days), and all flaps were survived. Except 2 cases, the other 15 were healed in 1 month.The 2 cases were not healed at first stage. According to the lab result,we changed the antibiotic, and in 2.5 months, we took off the catheter. Conclusion To deal with the chronic traumatic lateral-malleolus osteomyelitis, super sural neuromusculocutaneous flap grafting plus catheter irrigation is approprite and effective.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo possibility of osteogenesis and angiogenesis of tissue-engineered periosteum in rabbits.METHODS: The marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from New Zealand rabbits were adhered to small intestinal submucosa (SIS) to fabricate the tissue-engineered periosteum. Totally 12 New Zealand rabbits were received critical bone defect in bilateral radii to prepare models. The tissue-engineered periosteum was randomly implanted in one side of bone defect,and the other side was treated by SIS. At 4 weeks after operation, the angiogenesis of tissue engineered bone was detected by Tetracycline fluorescence microscopy and formaldehyde-ink perfusion method; simultaneously, the new bone formation was firmed by haematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS: Animals showed normal daily behaviors and non-infection wounds healing. The gross observation showed that bone defects in the experimental side were bridged with newly formed bone; while the defects of the control side were remained empty.Tetracycline fluorescence microscopy and hisotological examination could confirm the new bone tissue formation in the experimental side. The ink staining in new bone specimens suggested that there were abundant of neovasculization in tissue-engineered bone.CONCLUSION: Tissue-engineered periosteum can form new bone in allogenic rabbits and can be vascularized by some inherent mechanism for new bone tissue survivor.