With good prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the 10-year survival rate of DTC patients is more than 90%. As a kind of radiation exposure, radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment has the potential to induce malignancies. Based on this view, whether RAI treatment will increase the risk of secondary primary malignancy (SPM) still has a lot of controversy. This review summarizes current situation of related researches, and also summarizes the limitations of the current researches and the problems to be solved in the future research. In this review, it is believed that RAI treatment does not increase the overall risk of SPM in postoperative-DTC patients.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in treatment of gastric cancer with ascites.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 39 gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites treated in Xi'an Third Hospital from May 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the routine group (18 cases) and the observation group (21 cases) according to different treatment methods. The patients in the routine group were treated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic intravenous chemotherapy; the patients in the observation group were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors on the basis of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with systemic intravenous chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy, tumor marker levels, Karnofsky scores, and incidence of adverse reactions of both groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of both groups.Results:There were 12 males (66.7%) and 6 females (33.3%) in the routine group, with the age of (57±13) years; 13 males (61.9%) and 8 females (38.1%) in the observation group, with the age of (59±12) years. After treatment, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate 125 (CA125), carbohydrate 199 (CA199) levels in the 2 groups were lower than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum CEA, CA125, CA199 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the routine group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After treatment, Karnofsky scores in the observation group were higher than those before treatment [(78.6±7.5) scores vs. (69.5±8.9) scores], and Karnofsky scores in the observation group were higher than those in the routine group [(78.6±7.5) scores vs. (72.8±7.9) scores],and the differences were statistically significant ( t = -3.65, 2.33, all P < 0.05). The objective remission rate (ORR) was 55.6% (10/18) and 71.4%(15/21), respectively in the routine group and the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 9.24, P = 0.002). The median OS time was 38.97 months (95% CI: 34.99-42.95 months) and 23.62 months (95% CI: 18.49-28.74 months), respectively in the observation group and the routine group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 3.88, P = 0.049). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). No serious treatment-related complications were found in the observation group. Conclusions:Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows a good therapeutic effect in the treatment of gastric cancer with ascites, and the adverse reactions are controllable.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in rehabilitation therapists.Methods:In September 2023, the computer searched Chinese and English databases such as CNKI database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase database, etc. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to September 2023. Musculoskeletal disorders, rehabilitation therapists were selected as search terms, and the author, publication time, prevalence rate, and study type were analyzed. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 28 literatures were included, including 8039 rehabilitation therapists. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence rate of WMSDs among rehabilitation therapists was 72% (95% CI: 64%-80%). The top 3 annual prevalence rates were lower back (51%, 95% CI: 38%-64%), neck (42%, 95% CI: 30%-54%) and shoulder (32%, 95% CI: 23%-41%). The top 3 weekly prevalence rates were lower back (47%, 95% CI: 28%-65%), neck (35%, 95% CI: 14%-55%) and back (30%, 95% CI: 17%-44%) . Conclusion:The higher prevalence of WMSDs in rehabilitation therapists, especially in the lower back, neck, shoulder and back, may be related to the prolonged stouching posture and the continuous or repeated exertion of the upper limbs.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in rehabilitation therapists.Methods:In September 2023, the computer searched Chinese and English databases such as CNKI database, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase database, etc. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to September 2023. Musculoskeletal disorders, rehabilitation therapists were selected as search terms, and the author, publication time, prevalence rate, and study type were analyzed. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool and The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 28 literatures were included, including 8039 rehabilitation therapists. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence rate of WMSDs among rehabilitation therapists was 72% (95% CI: 64%-80%). The top 3 annual prevalence rates were lower back (51%, 95% CI: 38%-64%), neck (42%, 95% CI: 30%-54%) and shoulder (32%, 95% CI: 23%-41%). The top 3 weekly prevalence rates were lower back (47%, 95% CI: 28%-65%), neck (35%, 95% CI: 14%-55%) and back (30%, 95% CI: 17%-44%) . Conclusion:The higher prevalence of WMSDs in rehabilitation therapists, especially in the lower back, neck, shoulder and back, may be related to the prolonged stouching posture and the continuous or repeated exertion of the upper limbs.

Objective:To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and its relationship with hyperuricemia(HUA) in perimenopausal women in Anning city, Yunnan province.Methods:This is a cross-sectional survey. In May 2021, a multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to collect demographics and clinical data [ethnicity, living community, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides(TG), serum uric acid, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), alanine transaminase(ALT), etc] in a total of 6 721 perimenopausal women aged 45-60 years.Results:A total of 6 721 perimenopausal women were included in this study. The prevalences of MS and HUA were 14.05%(95% CI 13.22%-14.88%) and 6.46%(95% CI 5.88%-7.07%), respectively. The average age, HDL-C, urea, direct bilirubin, and albumin levels in the perimenstrual HUA population were lower than those in the non-HUA population while the levels of TG, ALT, heart rate, body mass index(BMI), and creatinine were higher(all P<0.05). The prevalence of HUA in perimenopausal women with ethnic minorities and family history of chronic diseases was higher than that in Han nationality and without family history of chronic diseases. The prevalence of MS in perimenopausal women was increased with the increase of serum uric acid( Z=-15.313 8, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that HUA was positively correlated with MS( OR=1.526, 95% CI 1.192-1.954) after adjusting for covariates such as BMI and ethnicity, and the incidence of MS in perimenopausal women in HUA group was 1.526 folds higher than that in non-hyperuricemia group. Conclusion:HUA is highly positively correlated with MS in perimenopausal women. The management of uric acid level in perimenopausal women should be strengthened.

Peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) are drug delivery systems consisting of a drug covalently coupled to a multifunctional peptide via a cleavable linker. As an emerging prodrug strategy, PDCs not only preserve the function and bioactivity of the peptides but also release the drugs responsively with the cleavable property of the linkers. Given the ability to significantly improve the circulation stability and targeting of drugs in vivo and reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, PDCs have already been extensively applied in drug delivery. Herein, we review the types and mechanisms of peptides, linkers and drugs used to construct PDCs, and summarize the clinical applications and challenges of PDC drugs.

With the widespread use of electrical equipment, cognitive functions such as working memory (WM) could be severely affected when people are exposed to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (EMF) for long term. However, the effects of EMF exposure on WM and its neural mechanism remain unclear. In the present paper, 15 rats were randomly assigned to three groups, and exposed to an EMF environment at 50 Hz and 2 mT for a different duration: 0 days (control group), 24 days (experimental group I), and 48 days (experimental group II). Then, their WM function was assessed by the T-maze task. Besides, their local field potential (LFP) in the media prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was recorded by the in vivo multichannel electrophysiological recording system to study the power spectral density (PSD) of θ and γ oscillations and the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) intensity of θ-γ oscillations during the T-maze task. The results showed that the PSD of θ and γ oscillations decreased in experimental groups I and II, and the PAC intensity between θ and high-frequency γ (hγ) decreased significantly compared to the control group. The number of days needed to meet the task criterion was more in experimental groups I and II than that of control group. The results indicate that long-term exposure to EMF could impair WM function. The possible reason may be the impaired communication between different rhythmic oscillations caused by a decrease in θ-hγ PAC intensity. This paper demonstrates the negative effects of EMF on WM and reveals the potential neural mechanisms from the changes of PAC intensity, which provides important support for further investigation of the biological effects of EMF and its mechanisms.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Electromagnetic Fields/adverse effects* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Cognition

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment, with the predominant clinical diagnosis of spatial working memory (SWM) deficiency, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. However, the current pharmacological therapies have unsatisfactory cure rates and other problems, so non-pharmacological physical therapies have gradually received widespread attention. Recently, a novel treatment using 40 Hz light flicker stimulation (40 Hz-LFS) to rescue the cognitive function of model animals with AD has made initial progress, but the neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this paper will explore the potential neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of SWM by 40 Hz-LFS based on cross-frequency coupling (CFC). Ten adult Wistar rats were first subjected to acute LFS at frequencies of 20, 40, and 60 Hz. The entrainment effect of LFS with different frequency on neural oscillations in the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was analyzed. The results showed that acute 40 Hz-LFS was able to develop strong entrainment and significantly modulate the oscillation power of the low-frequency gamma (lγ) rhythms. The rats were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 5 rats each for a long-term 40 Hz-LFS (7 d). Their SWM function was assessed by a T-maze task, and the CFC changes in the HPC-mPFC circuit were analyzed by phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The results showed that the behavioral performance of the experimental group was improved and the PAC of θ-lγ rhythm was enhanced, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of this paper suggested that the long-term 40 Hz-LFS effectively improved SWM function in rats, which may be attributed to its enhanced communication of different rhythmic oscillations in the relevant neural circuits. It is expected that the study in this paper will build a foundation for further research on the mechanism of 40 Hz-LFS to improve cognitive function and promote its clinical application in the future.
Humans ; Adult ; Rats ; Animals ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology* ; Rats, Wistar ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Hippocampus ; Prefrontal Cortex

Objective:To explore the effect of combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with treadmill training in treating spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods:Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation (C) group, an SCI group, a treadmill training (TT) group, a treadmill training followed by rTMS (TR) group and an rTMS followed by treadmill training (RT) group. The C group only underwent laminectomy without spinal cord injury, while the model of T9 incomplete spinal cord injury was established in the other groups using the Louisville Injury System Apparatus impactor. One week after the operation the TT began. The TR group received rTMS immediately after the treadmill training and the RT group received it before. The treadmill′s speed started at 3.6m/min and gradually increased to 6m/min within 1 week. There was one 15min session a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks in total. The rTMS intensity was 30% of the maximum output intensity at 10Hz in 5s bursts with an interval of 25s. It lasted 10min, for a total of 1000 pulses. Hind limb motor functioning was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie & Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and a grid walking test. The H max/M max ratio was used to quantify the excitability of the motor neurons. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT 1AR) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR). Results:The average BBB scores of the RT group were significantly higher than the SCI group′s averages from the 7th to 9th week after the injury. At the ninth week the average BBB score of the RT group was significantly higher than the TT group′s average. At the eighth and ninth week the average BBB scores of the TR group were significantly higher than in the SCI group. The number of drops in the RT group was significantly lower than in the SCI group at the seventh and ninth week. At the ninth week, the number of drops of the TR group was significantly lower compared with the SCI group. The H max/M max ratio of the SCI group was significantly higher than in the C and TR groups at the fifth and ninth week, while that of the TR group was significantly lower than the SCI group′s ratio at the ninth week. The expression of 5-HT, 5-HT 1AR and 5-HT 2AR in the RT and TR groups was significantly higher than in the SCI group, and the relative 5-HT 1AR density of the RT and TR groups was significantly higher than in the SCI and TT groups. Compared with the other 4 groups, the expression of 5-HT 2AR in the SCI group had increased significantly. Conclusions:Combining rTMS with treadmill training can significantly promote the recovery of locomotor function after incomplete spinal cord injury.

As a new CRISPR/Cas-derived genome engineering technology, base editing combines the target specificity of CRISPR/Cas and the catalytic activity of nucleobase deaminase to install point mutations at target loci without generating DSBs, requiring exogenous template, or depending on homologous recombination. Recently, researchers have developed a variety of base editing tools in the important industrial strain Corynebacterium glutamicum, and achieved simultaneous editing of two and three genes. However, the multiplex base editing based on CRISPR/Cas9 is still limited by the complexity of multiple sgRNAs, interference of repeated sequence and difficulty of target loci replacement. In this study, multiplex base editing in C. glutamicum was optimized by the following strategies. Firstly, the multiple sgRNA expression cassettes based on individual promoters/terminators was optimized. The target loci can be introduced and replaced rapidly by using a template plasmid and Golden Gate method, which also avoids the interference of repeated sequence. Although the multiple sgRNAs structure is still complicated, the editing efficiency of this strategy is the highest. Then, the multiple gRNA expression cassettes based on Type Ⅱ CRISPR crRNA arrays and tRNA processing were developed. The two strategies only require one single promoter and terminator, and greatly simplify the structure of the expression cassette. Although the editing efficiency has decreased, both methods are still applicable. Taken together, this study provides a powerful addition to the genome editing toolbox of C. glutamicum and facilitates genetic modification of this strain.
CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; Corynebacterium glutamicum/metabolism* ; Gene Editing ; Plasmids ; RNA, Guide/metabolism*