Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the most prevalent forms of liver diseases globally. Its progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease， and there is currently a lack of effective pharmacological treatments. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， as a regulatory hub for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis， can coordinate key cellular processes such as adipogenesis， glucose metabolism， and mitochondrial functions. Its activation exerts metabolic regulatory effects through pathways including inhibiting lipogenesis， enhancing mitochondrial β-oxidation， regulating inflammation and oxidative stress， and promoting autophagy. Accordingly， AMPK emerges as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）， with low toxicity， high accessibility， and multi-component， multi-target synergistic effects， has demonstrated unique value in NAFLD treatment， particularly showing notable advantages in regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. Sichuan is known as the treasure house of TCM， and the active components of its authentic medicinal materials such as Coptidis Rhizoma not only reflect regional characteristics in AMPK signaling regulation but also form a multi-level metabolic regulatory network through crosstalk with pathways such as sirtuin 1 （SIRT1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα）. They can achieve specific regulation by directly activating AMPK and modulating upstream and downstream targets， exerting prominent effects in ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study systematically reviews the research findings on TCM for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD over the past five years， elaborating the mechanisms by which TCM treats NAFLD through regulating the AMPK signaling pathway. It aims to provide new perspectives and references for clinical diagnosis and treatment， basic research， and drug development.

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a common inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） in clinical practice， characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain， diarrhea， and bloody mucus in the stool. It is difficult to cure and has a high recurrence rate. The pathogenesis of UC is related to abnormal immune response， oxidative stress in intestinal tissues， and inflammatory reactions. As reported， the abnormal activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome is involved in the pathological process of UC. This activation triggers pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress， pyroptosis， and inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore， blocking the abnormal activation of NLRP3 is beneficial for alleviating UC. Currently， western medicine treatment for UC mainly includes salicylic acid derivatives， corticosteroids， and biologics， but the overall efficacy is unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment of this disease has the advantages of significant efficacy and low recurrence rate. In recent years， great advances have been made in the basic research of using TCM methods to treat UC. Studies have found that TCM intervention targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can significantly promote intestinal mucosal healing and treat UC， and the mechanism of action involves multiple targets， levels， and pathways. This article summarized the experimental research on the impact of TCM targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome on UC in recent years， and found that NLRP3 interacted with factors such as Caspase-1 and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， thereby promoting the release of pro-inflammatory factors and cell pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. This activation triggered oxidative stress， inflammatory reactions， and other pathological mechanisms. TCM acted on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its upstream and downstream factors to block the pathological process of UC， inhibit the pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa， and thereby alleviate colonic ulcers. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of UC and further drug development.

Humans ; Asthma/diagnosis* ; HMGB1 Protein

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, the etiology has not been fully clarified. As a developing and emerging industrialized country, China is about to enter or has entered the stage of ' accelerated incidence rate and compound epidemic' of UC. Evaluate the clinical condition of refractory ulcerative colitis (RUC) at its early stage and select appropriate treatment is important. Although the kinds of drug become more and more, the rate of colon resection remains unchanged. When drug therapy cannot improve the symptoms of patient, surgical treatment should be considered. This article reviewed the progress in studies on diagnosis and surgical treatment of RUC.