AIM:To evaluate the safety and toler-ability of single dose oral BTK inhibitor YZJ-3058 tablets under fasting conditions in healthy adults,as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologi-cal characteristics of YZJ-3058 and its metabolites.METHODS:A total of 22 healthy subjects were en-rolled in this experiment and administered a single dose orally.They were divided into three groups:50 mg,100 mg,and 200 mg.Among them,2 sub-jects were enrolled in the 50 mg dose group,and 10 subjects were enrolled in the 100 mg and 200 mg dose groups,respectively.RESULTS:In healthy subjects,YZJ-3058 tablets were administered orally on an empty stomach at doses of 50,100,and 200 mg,with a median Tmax of 1.25 to 2.00 hours and an average Cmax of 62.85,89.44,and 99.20 ng/mL,re-spectively.The average AUC0-t was 183.87,297.72,and 453.98 h·ng-1·mL,respectively.The average AUC0-∞ was 189.30,321.33,and 551.44 h·ng-1·mL,and the median t1/2 was 1.16,5.06,and 7.97 hours,respectively.After a single oral administration of 50,100,and 200 mg YZJ-3058 tablets,the highest target occupancy rate was achieved at 4 hours.The average BTK occupancy rates at 24 hours after ad-ministration were 88.95％,96.73％,and 99.24％,re-spectively.The average BTK occupancy rates at 48 hours after administration were 75.65％,89.80％,and 96.68％,respectively.No serious adverse events or adverse events leading to withdrawal oc-curred,and all subjects had good tolerability.CON-CLUSION:YZJ-3058 tablets have good safety and tolerability for single oral administration on an empty stomach in healthy subjects within the dose range of 50-200 mg.Cmax and AUC increase with dose,with fast absorption and saturation.The ter-minal elimination rate gradually slows down with dose increase,and it has a significant and sus-tained occupying effect on BTK targets.

Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) represents one of the rare cutaneous extraintestinal manifestations in patients with Crohn's disease. The genital area, particularly the vulva in females, is the most commonly affected site in MCD. However, clinical cases of metastatic vulval Crohn's disease (MVCD) are relatively scarce, and the symptoms often lack specificity, making differential diagnosis challenging. This article aims to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities of MVCD, thereby providing a reference for the clinical management of this condition.

Objective:To investigate effects of picroside Ⅱ(PⅡ)on proliferation,apoptosis and immune escape of lung cancer cells by regulating C-C motif chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)signaling axis.Methods:Human lung cancer cells NCI-H292 were cultured and treated with 0,5,10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L PⅡ,MTT method was applied to detect cell viability.Experiment was separated into control group,low,medium and high concentrations PⅡ groups(PⅡ-L,PⅡ-M,PⅡ-H,10,20 and 40 μmol/L PⅡ),high concentration PⅡ+CCL2 overexpression negative control group(PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC,40 μmol/L PⅡ+pcDNA-NC)and high concentration PⅡ+CCL2 overexpression group(PⅡ-H+CCL2,40 μmol/L PⅡ+pcDNA-CCL2).EdU method was applied to measure cell proliferation;flow cytometry was applied to measure cell apoptosis;immunoblotting was applied to determine expressions of CCL2,CCR2,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax).Lung can-cer cells in each group were co-cultured with CD8+T cells,Trypan blue staining was applied to measure CD8+T cell viability;ELISA was applied to determine levels of programmed death receptor-ligand 1(PD-L1),IL-10,IFN-γ and TGF-β.Results:Compared with 0 μmol/L,cell viability treated with 10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L PⅡ were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and 10,20 and 40 μmol/L PⅡ were selected for subsequent experiments.Compared with control group,positive rate of EdU and expressions of Bcl-2,CCL2 and CCR2 in PⅡ-L group,PⅡ-M group and PⅡ-H group were decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while apoptosis rate and expression of Bax were increased sequentially(P<0.05).Compared with PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC group,positive rate of EdU and expressions of Bcl-2,CCL2 and CCR2 in PⅡ-H+CCL2 group were increased obviously(P<0.05),while apoptosis rate and expression of Bax were de-creased significantly(P<0.05).After co-culturing with CD8+T cells,compared with control group,levels of IL-10,TGF-β and PD-L1 in PⅡ-L group,PⅡ-M group and PⅡ-H group were decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while CD8+T cell viability and level of IFN-γ were increased sequentially(P<0.05).Compared with PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC group,levels of IL-10,TGF-β and PD-L1 in PⅡ-H+CCL2 group were increased obviously(P<0.05),while CD8+T cell viability and level of IFN-γ were reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclu-sion:PⅡ may inhibit proliferation and immune escape of lung cancer cells,and promote cell apoptosis by inhibiting CCL2-CCR2 sig-naling axis.

Objective To investigate the effects of asiaticoside(AS)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and radiotherapy sensitivity of esophageal cancer(EC)cells by its mechanism of regulating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signaling pathway.Methods EC9706 cells were subjected to different concentrations of AS or different doses of radiation.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method was used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the half-maximal inhibitory con-centration.EC9706 cells were divided into a control group,radiology group(X-ray irradiation),AS group,combined group(AS+X-ray irradiation),and activator group(AS+X-ray irradiation+HIF-1α/VEGF pathway activator dimethyloxallyl glycine).Plate cloning experi-ments were conducted to detect sensitivity,and Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion.Flow cytometry helped detect apoptosis,and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,E-cadherin,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins.Results With the increase of AS concentration and radiation dose,the cell viability of EC9706 cells gradually decreased;compared with the control group,the survival fraction;the numbers of cells that had migrated and invaded;the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA;and the expression of MMP-2,vimentin,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the radiology group and AS group were reduced;further,the apoptosis rate and the expression of E-cadherin and Bax were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the radiology group and AS group,the survival fraction;the numbers of cells that had migrated and invaded;the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF mRNA;and the expressions of MMP-2,vimentin,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the combined group were reduced;the apoptosis rate and the expression of E-cadherin and Bax were increased(P＜0.05).In comparison with the combined group,the changes in the above indicators in the activator group were reversed(P＜0.05).Conclusion AS may inhibit EMT by inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway,thus enhancing the radiotherapy sensitivity of EC cells.

Metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD) represents one of the rare cutaneous extraintestinal manifestations in patients with Crohn's disease. The genital area, particularly the vulva in females, is the most commonly affected site in MCD. However, clinical cases of metastatic vulval Crohn's disease (MVCD) are relatively scarce, and the symptoms often lack specificity, making differential diagnosis challenging. This article aims to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities of MVCD, thereby providing a reference for the clinical management of this condition.

Invasive Aspergillosis (IA) is a severe filamentous fungal infection caused by opportunistic pathogenic Aspergillus. Due to its insidious incidence and high mortality rate, accurate diagnosis of IA is in urgent need. Recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques have enabled novel approaches for Aspergillus detection in clinical fungal laboratory. To this end, this paper summarizes recent progress in molecular detection of Aspergillus nucleic acids and discusses its value in IA diagnosis. The findings provide guidance for both current diagnostic approaches and the development of new in vitro diagnostic technologies for IA.

Purpose To explore the expression of SHIP2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on the malignant biological behavior of ESCC cells.Methods The UALCAN database was used to analyze the expression of SHIP2 in esophageal cancer.qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry SP method were used to measure the expression of SHIP2 in tumor tissues of ESCC patients.SHIP2 mRNA and protein were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot in human normal esophageal epithelial cells(HEEC)and ESCC cells(KYSE150 and EC109).KYSE150 and EC109 were divided into the NC group and the si-SHIP2 group respectively.Cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were observed by CCK-8 assay,EdU assay,scratch assay,and Transwell assay.The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins(E-cadherin,N-cadherin,and vimentin)was detected by Western blot.Results The UAL-CAN database showed that SHIP2 expression was higher in esophageal cancer than in normal tissues(P＜0.05).SHIP2 had higher mRNA(2.19±3.20)expression and staining scores(5.33±3.83)in ESCC tumor tissues than in paracarcinoma tissues(1.00±0.80;0.87±1.07,all P＜0.05).SHIP2 had higher mRNA(KYSE150,EC109:1.91±0.22,3.73±1.06)and protein(KYSE150,EC109:0.93±0.12,1.05±0.13)expression in ESCC cells than in HEEC(1.06±0.40;0.31±0.04,all P＜0.05).Cell function experiments showed that compared with the NC group(CCK-8 assay:KYSE150,EC109:2.44±0.12,3.56±0.07;EdU assay:KYSE150,EC109:44.46±4.74,38.82±3.79;scratch assay:KYSE150,EC109:0.85±0.07,0.70±0.06;Transwell migration assay:KYSE150,EC109:130.30±9.53,39.25±3.30;Transwell invasion assay:KYSE150,EC109:121.00±9.54、88.67±6.66);cell proliferation(CCK-8 assay:KYSE150,EC109:1.56±0.03,2.85±0.02,EdU assay:KYSE150,EC109:19.34±6.24,17.39±1.14);migration(scratch assay:KYSE150,EC109:0.51±0.09,0.36±0.02;Transwell migration assay:KYSE150,EC109:71.50±12.07,20.75±2.99),and invasion(Transwell in-vasion assay:KYSE150,EC109:73.33±4.04,12.67±2.31)ability in the si-SHIP2 group was significantly re-duced(all P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that compared with the NC group(0.48±0.21,0.42±0.24;1.00±0.04,1.17±0.18;1.34±0.10,1.00±0.13),the expression of E-cadherin protein(1.10±0.22,1.02±0.20)in the si-SHIP2 group was increased(P＜0.05),while the expression of N-cadherin protein(0.59±0.20,0.84±0.08)and vimentin protein(0.41±0.06,0.338±0.19)was decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion SHIP2 is overexpressed in ESCC,and the down-regulation of SHIP2 can inhibit the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ES-CC cells.

Objective:To investigate effects of picroside Ⅱ(PⅡ)on proliferation,apoptosis and immune escape of lung cancer cells by regulating C-C motif chemokine ligand 2(CCL2)/C-C motif chemokine receptor 2(CCR2)signaling axis.Methods:Human lung cancer cells NCI-H292 were cultured and treated with 0,5,10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L PⅡ,MTT method was applied to detect cell viability.Experiment was separated into control group,low,medium and high concentrations PⅡ groups(PⅡ-L,PⅡ-M,PⅡ-H,10,20 and 40 μmol/L PⅡ),high concentration PⅡ+CCL2 overexpression negative control group(PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC,40 μmol/L PⅡ+pcDNA-NC)and high concentration PⅡ+CCL2 overexpression group(PⅡ-H+CCL2,40 μmol/L PⅡ+pcDNA-CCL2).EdU method was applied to measure cell proliferation;flow cytometry was applied to measure cell apoptosis;immunoblotting was applied to determine expressions of CCL2,CCR2,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax).Lung can-cer cells in each group were co-cultured with CD8+T cells,Trypan blue staining was applied to measure CD8+T cell viability;ELISA was applied to determine levels of programmed death receptor-ligand 1(PD-L1),IL-10,IFN-γ and TGF-β.Results:Compared with 0 μmol/L,cell viability treated with 10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L PⅡ were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and 10,20 and 40 μmol/L PⅡ were selected for subsequent experiments.Compared with control group,positive rate of EdU and expressions of Bcl-2,CCL2 and CCR2 in PⅡ-L group,PⅡ-M group and PⅡ-H group were decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while apoptosis rate and expression of Bax were increased sequentially(P<0.05).Compared with PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC group,positive rate of EdU and expressions of Bcl-2,CCL2 and CCR2 in PⅡ-H+CCL2 group were increased obviously(P<0.05),while apoptosis rate and expression of Bax were de-creased significantly(P<0.05).After co-culturing with CD8+T cells,compared with control group,levels of IL-10,TGF-β and PD-L1 in PⅡ-L group,PⅡ-M group and PⅡ-H group were decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while CD8+T cell viability and level of IFN-γ were increased sequentially(P<0.05).Compared with PⅡ-H+pcDNA-NC group,levels of IL-10,TGF-β and PD-L1 in PⅡ-H+CCL2 group were increased obviously(P<0.05),while CD8+T cell viability and level of IFN-γ were reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclu-sion:PⅡ may inhibit proliferation and immune escape of lung cancer cells,and promote cell apoptosis by inhibiting CCL2-CCR2 sig-naling axis.

Objective To investigate the effects of asiaticoside(AS)on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and radiotherapy sensitivity of esophageal cancer(EC)cells by its mechanism of regulating the hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)signaling pathway.Methods EC9706 cells were subjected to different concentrations of AS or different doses of radiation.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method was used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the half-maximal inhibitory con-centration.EC9706 cells were divided into a control group,radiology group(X-ray irradiation),AS group,combined group(AS+X-ray irradiation),and activator group(AS+X-ray irradiation+HIF-1α/VEGF pathway activator dimethyloxallyl glycine).Plate cloning experi-ments were conducted to detect sensitivity,and Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion.Flow cytometry helped detect apoptosis,and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),vimentin,E-cadherin,Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),HIF-1α,and VEGF proteins.Results With the increase of AS concentration and radiation dose,the cell viability of EC9706 cells gradually decreased;compared with the control group,the survival fraction;the numbers of cells that had migrated and invaded;the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA;and the expression of MMP-2,vimentin,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the radiology group and AS group were reduced;further,the apoptosis rate and the expression of E-cadherin and Bax were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the radiology group and AS group,the survival fraction;the numbers of cells that had migrated and invaded;the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF mRNA;and the expressions of MMP-2,vimentin,HIF-1α,and VEGF in the combined group were reduced;the apoptosis rate and the expression of E-cadherin and Bax were increased(P＜0.05).In comparison with the combined group,the changes in the above indicators in the activator group were reversed(P＜0.05).Conclusion AS may inhibit EMT by inhibiting the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway,thus enhancing the radiotherapy sensitivity of EC cells.