OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Buyang huanwu decoction （BYHWD） and its active fractions in ameliorating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS BYHWD and its effective fractions obtained through ethanol precipitation， as well as 30% ethanol， 50% ethanol， and 75% ethanol fractions （namely， the CC effective fraction， 30YC effective fraction， 50YC effective fraction， and 75YC effective fraction）， were prepared. These preparations were administered to rats via intragastric administration to prepare corresponding drug-containing serum （blank serum and simvastatin-containing serum were prepared using the same protocol）. Human L02 hepatocytes were divided into control group， model group， simvastatin-containing serum group， BYHWD-containing serum group， CC-containing serum group， 30YC-containing serum group， 50YC-containing serum group， and 75YC-containing serum group. Except for the control group， other groups were given 0.2 mol/L oleic acid for 24 h to induce a lipid accumulation model， and then intervened with 20% drug-containing serum/blank serum for 24 h. The lipid deposition in cells was observed， and the proportion of lipid droplet area was calculated； the levels of triglycerides （TG） and indicators of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）] as well as liver function [alanine amino- transferase （ALT）， aspartate amino-transferase （AST）] in cells were detected； protein and mRNA expressions of AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 （SREBP-1）/glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase （GPAT） signaling pathway were also measured. RESULTS Compared with the control group， cells in the model group exhibited severe cellular steatosis， with a significantly increased proportion of lipid droplet area， as well as the elevated levels of TG， ALT， AST， and MDA in cells， along with significantly up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1 and GPAT （P＜0.05）. The level of SOD， mRNA expression of AMPK， as well as the protein phosphorylation level of AMPK were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， cellular steatosis was alleviated in all drug-containing serum groups， and the levels of most of the aforementioned quantitative indicators were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS BYHWD and its active fractions can exert a therapeutic effect on improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the AMPK/SREBP-1/GPAT signaling pathway， inhibiting oxidative stress responses， and reducing lipid deposition.

ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the modeling effects of submaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen in the establishment of Sjögren syndrome (SS) mouse models, and to characterize the phenotypic and immunological features of these models in comparison with spontaneous SS-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD)/LtJ mice. MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice (equal numbers of males and females) were immunized with submaxillary gland antigen or salivary gland antigen, respectively, combined with Freund's adjuvant to induce SS models. Mice immunized with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) combined with Freund's adjuvant served as the control group. Immunization was induced via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) on Days 1 and 7. A booster immunization was administered via multiple subcutaneous injections in the back with antigen combined with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) on Day 14. Female NOD/LtJ mice were used as the spontaneous SS model group, with ICR mice as the corresponding control strain for comparative analysis. Body weight, water intake, and salivary flow rate of mice were dynamically monitored for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, tissue and serum samples were collected, the weights of submaxillary glands, thymus, and spleen were measured, and organ indices (organ-to-body weight ratios) were calculated. Pathological morphological analysis of the submaxillary gland and spleen was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of SS type A (SSA) and SS type B (SSB) in submaxillary gland tissues. ResultsFemale mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group exhibited significantly increased water intake (P<0.05) and reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.05) compared with the female control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in the submaxillary gland index, thymus index and spleen index (P>0.05). Focal lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic marginal zone was enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the female control group, female mice in the salivary gland antigen group showed no statistically significant differences in water intake, salivary flow rate, submaxillary gland index, and spleen index (P>0.05), whereas the thymus index was significantly reduced (P<0.01). Mild inflammatory cell infiltration and glandular atrophy were observed in the submaxillary glands, and the splenic white pulp and marginal zone were slightly enlarged. Serum IL-17 levels and submaxillary gland SSB mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in submaxillary gland SSA expression levels (P>0.05). Compared with the male control group, mild submaxillary gland atrophy was observed in male mice in the submaxillary gland antigen group, whereas no obvious changes were found in other modeling-related indicators (P>0.05). Compared with the ICR control group, NOD/LtJ model mice exhibited elevated water intake (P<0.05), significantly reduced salivary flow rate (P<0.01), no significant differences in the submaxillary gland index or spleen index (P>0.05), but a significantly increased thymus index (P<0.05). Marked focal infiltration was observed in the submaxillary glands, the splenic marginal zone was obviously enlarged, and serum IL-17 concentrations as well as submaxillary gland SSA/SSB expression levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). ConclusionSubmaxillary gland antigen and salivary gland antigen can induce SS-related features in female C57BL/6J mice. The SS-related phenotype is more pronounced in the submaxillary gland antigen group than in the salivary gland antigen group, but weaker than that in spontaneously SS-prone female NOD/LtJ mice. Immunization of male C57BL/6J mice with submaxillary or salivary gland antigens fails to induce an obvious SS phenotype.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*

Objective To explore the effect of Morinda citrifolia juice(MCJ)combined with ethylene diamine tet-raacetic acid(EDTA)on premolar bonding strength and nanoleakage and compare the results with those of the most commonly used root canal irrigation solution,sodium hypochlorite(NaClO),to provide a reference for clinical applica-tion.Methods This study was approved by the ethics review committee.Sixty-three human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a control group(distilled water group)and 6 experimental groups ac-cording to the different rinsing solutions used after the surface enamel was removed.The experimental groups included Group A(2.5%NaClO),Group B(5.25%NaClO),Group C(6%MCJ),Group D(2.5%NaClO-17%EDTA),Group E(5.25%NaClO-17%EDTA),and Group F(6%MCJ-17%EDTA)(n = 9).After soaking in the corresponding rinsing so-lution for 20 minutes,they were layered and stacked on their surfaces to form 4 mm×4 mm×3 mm Z350 resin blocks.Six samples from each group were cut into 1 mm×1 mm×8 mm specimen strips for microtensile bonding strength test-ing.The fracture type was determined under a stereomicroscope,and the remaining 3 samples from each group were aged and cut into 1 mm thick slices for interface nanoleakage testing and scanning electron microscopy observation of the resin dentin bonding interface.Results There were significant differences in the microtensile bonding strength among the groups(P＜0.05),and the control group had the highest bonding strength.Among experimental groups,Group B had the lowest bonding strength,mainly bonding interface fracture,and Group F had the highest bonding strength,mainly mixed fracture.There were significant differences in nanoleakage among all groups(P＜0.05),and the control group had the lowest nanoleakage value.Among experimental groups,Group B had the highest nanoleakage,with resin protrusions being unaltered,and Group F had the lowest nanoleakage value,with resin protrusions being thick and dense.Conclusion The higher the concentration of NaClO was,the worse the bonding strength and edge sealing of the crown dentin were.The effects of root canal irrigation with MCJ and EDTA on the adhesive strength and edge sealing of crown dentin were less pronounced than those of root canal irrigation with NaClO and EDTA.

Objective To analyze the co-expressed genes in blood lipid metabolism,hyperlipidemia and tacrolimus metabolism and their correlation with blood lipid levels in kidney transplant recipients.Methods Co-expressed genes were screened from Comparative Toxicogenomic Database(CTD).Baseline data of 25 kidney transplant recipients were collected.The expression levels of ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1(ABCA1),peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ(PPAR-γ)and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high density lipoprotein binding protein 1(GPIHBP1)were measured.All recipients were followed up.The concentrations of fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,triglyceride,total protein,albumin,globulin,cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein and tacrolimus blood concentration were collected at postoperative 1,3,6 and 12 months,and the incidence of hyperlipidemia in the recipients was analyzed.The correlation between ABCA1,GPIHBP1,PPAR-γ and clinical indexes was assessed.The diagnostic effiiciency of related indexes for hyperlipidemia after kidney transplantation was evaluated.Results Three co-expressed genes including ABCA1,PPAR-γ and GPIHBP1 were screened.ABC Al was positively correlated with cholesterol level at postoperative 6 months and tacrolimus blood concentration at postoperative 3 months,whereas negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose level at postoperative 3 months(all P＜0.05).GPIHBP1 was negatively correlated with preoperative cholesterol and triglyceride levels,whereas positively correlated with tacrolimus blood concentration at postoperative 3 months(all P＜0.05).PPAR-γ was negatively correlated with preoperative globulin and low-density lipoprotein levels(both P＜0.05).ABCA1,GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ combined with preoperative globulin and blood glucose level at postoperative 1 and 6 months after operation yielded high diagnostic effiiciency for hypertriglyceridemia after kidney transplantation(AUC=0.900).ABCA1,GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ combined with tacrolimus blood concentrations at postoperative 1 and 6 months and blood glucose level at postoperative 6 months had high diagnostic effiiciency for hypercholesterolemia after kidney transplantation(AUC=0.931).Conclusions ABCA1,GPIHBP1 and PPAR-γ are correlated with blood lipid level and tacrolimus blood concentration after kidney transplantation to different degrees.No definite evidence has been supported for predicting hyperlipidemia after kidney transplantation.Immunity improvement and rational blood glucose management may be beneficial factors for hyperlipidemia control.

Element doping is one of the strategies for increasing the activity of enzyme-like materials.In this study,cobalt,nitrogen and chlorine-doped carbon dots(Co,N,Cl-CDs)were prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis utilizing CoCl2 and glutamate as raw ingredients.In weakly acidic environments,Co,N,Cl-CDs exhibited high peroxidase-like activity and could catalyze the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)by hydrogen peroxide into oxided TMB(oxTMB),resulting in a distinct color change.Free radical scavenging and electron spin resonance techniques were used to further investigate the catalytic reaction mechanism of Co,N,Cl-CDs,and the reactive intermediates produced during the reaction were identified as hydroxyl radical.Acid phosphatase(ACP)could catalyze the hydrolysis of sodium ascorbyl phosphate to release ascorbic acid,which could reduce the blue oxTMB into colorless TMB.Based on this principle,a colorimetric-switching sensing system for detection of ACP was developed by coupling Co,N,Cl-CDs and ACP.The sensing system demonstrated good linearity in ACP activity range of 0.5-20 U/L,with a detection limit of 0.17 U/L.The developed sensing system was used to detection of ACP in real serum samples with good recoveries(97.1%-105.7%)and reproducibility(RSD<5%).The sensing system developed here based on Co,N,Cl-CDs had many advantages such as low detection cost,process visualization,and high sensitivity,providing reference for detection of ACP.

Objective:To explore the relationship between weight change and the development of hyperuricemia (HUA) in adults receiving health checkups.Methods:A retrospective cohort study. A total of 37 722 subjects who underwent two or more health checkups at the Health Management Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2014 to December 2022 were included, and the general information and laboratory findings at the time of the initial health checkups and follow-up were collected. Weight change was defined as the ratio of difference between the weight at the last follow-up and the baseline weight to baseline weight. The subjects were grouped with weight change: significant weight loss group (weight change ≤-5.0%), mild weight loss group (-5.0%

Objective To investigate the current awareness of pharmaceutical service fees among pharmacists in hospitals of Shaanxi province to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making framework for establishing such fees in hospitals of various provinces and cities in the future.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 47 representative hospitals and 53 pharmacists within these hospitals in Shaanxi province.The results were analyzed using differential analysis.Results In most hospitals of Shaanxi province,pharmaceutical services are not provided or not charged for,indicating a lack of practical experience in the establishment of pharmaceutical service fees.Among hospitals that provide and charge for pharmaceutical services,there remains a need for uniformity in specific service content and fee standards,clear regulatory policy support,and a unified evaluation system.Significant differences exist among hospitals of different levels and types in terms of their capacity to provide pharmaceutical services and the forms in which they are offered.There is inconsistency among pharmacists within hospitals regarding crucial aspects of establishing pharmaceutical service fees,and further enhancement is needed in their awareness of relevant policies and the latest guidelines.Conclusions There is considerable room for improvement in establishing pharmaceutical service fees in hospitals of Shaanxi province.Stakeholders should promptly establish and standardize the fee establishment model,differentiate the fee standards for various services,enhance the publicity and dissemination of relevant document requirements to support the smooth implementation of pharmaceutical service fee policies.

This study used UPLC-TQ-MS technology to replicate a Henoch-Schonlein purpura(HSP) model in rats by administering warm drugs by gavage and injecting ovalbumin with Freund's complete adjuvant emulsion. The distribution differences and characteristics of eight major components(ferulic acid, caffeic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, benzoyl oxypaeoniflorin, tracheloside, loganin, and paeoniflorin) in rat liver, lung, heart, spleen, and kidney tissues were determined after oral administration of the Liangxue Tuizi Mixture at a dose of 42 g·kg~(-1) in both normal physiological and HSP states at 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 12 hours. The results showed that the distribution patterns of the eight components of Liangxue Tuizi Mixture in the tissues of normal and HSP model rats were different. The main component, paeoniflorin, in Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix Alba had higher content in all tissues. The eight components were predominantly distributed in the liver, lung, and kidney tissues, followed by spleen and heart tissues.
Rats ; Animals ; IgA Vasculitis/drug therapy* ; Monoterpenes ; Administration, Oral ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry