Objective: To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students. Methods: In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status. Results: The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is a vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries. It serves as the pathological basis for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is associated with a relatively high incidence of complications and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of AS， demonstrating unique therapeutic advantages through multiple targets and pathways. Ligusticum chuanxiong， a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice， contains key active components against AS， including ligustrazine， senkyunolide， ligustilide， quercetin， ferulic acid， vanillic acid， chlorogenic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， caffeic acid， chrysophanol， and β-sitosterol. Recent literature indicates that these active components can regulate AS through multiple mechanisms， including improving endothelial cell dysfunction， alleviating lipid metabolism disorders， inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation， suppressing the invasion， proliferation， and migration of smooth muscle cells， inhibiting apoptosis， exerting anticoagulant effects and inhibiting platelet activation， protecting mitochondrial function， and modulating intestinal flora and its metabolites， demonstrating significant pharmacological activity and clinical potential. Clinically， L. chuanxiong is often combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza， Paeonia lactiflora， Angelica sinensis， and borneol to form compound formulations， enhancing therapeutic effects and achieving synergistic anti-AS activity. Compound treatment with L. chuanxiong primarily focuses on promoting blood circulation and shows significant efficacy for different AS syndrome types. This article provides an in-depth review of the active components， drug pairs， and compound preparations of L. chuanxiong in the prevention and treatment of AS， aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent theoretical research and clinical applications in managing AS and its related complications.

BackgroundAs a high prevalence disorder， schizophrenia has caused significant burden to family and society due to the impairment of occupational and social function. Currently， the dominant vocational training model in China follows a paternalistic， clinician-led decision-making approach. Although it improves patients' social function to some extent， it undermines their autonomy and treatment adherence. Therefore， it is urgently necessary to explore a new intervention method to enhance treatment compliance and social function in patients. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of shared decision-making oriented vocational training on social function in hospitalized schizophrenia patients， so as to provide references for rehabilitation interventions. MethodsA total of 68 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） criteria were consecutively enrolled from January to June 2024 at The Third People's Hospital of Wenjiang Distric， Chengdu. Participants were randomly allocated into the research group （n=34） and the control group （n=34） using a random number table method. Both groups received routine rehabilitation training， while the research group received shared decision-making oriented vocational training for 12 weeks， 2 times a week for 2 hours each time. Before and at the 4^th and 12^th week of intervention， two groups were evaluated by General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES）， Stigma Scale for Mental Illness （SSMI）， Scale of Social function of Psychosis Inpatients （SSFPI） and Inpatient Psychiatric Rehabilitation Outcome Scale （IPROS）. ResultsA total of 63 participants completed the study， with 30 cases in the research group and 33 cases in the control group. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed statistically significant time effects and interaction effects in both groups for GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores （F=20.451， 16.022； 26.193， 12.944； 23.957， 5.023； 11.776， 3.985， P<0.05 or 0.01）， while no significant group effects were observed （F=0.188， 0.742， 1.878， 0.474， P>0.05）. At the 12^th week of intervention， there were statistically significant differences in GSES， SSMI， SSFPI and IPROS scores between the two groups. ConclusionShared decision-making oriented vocational training may help to improve social function in patients with schizophrenia. ［Funded by 2023 Chengdu Medical Research Project （number， 2023468）］

Patients suffering from nerve injury often experience exacerbated pain responses and complain of memory deficits. The dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), a well-defined region responsible for learning and memory, displays maladaptive plasticity upon injury, which is assumed to underlie pain hypersensitivity and cognitive deficits. However, much attention has thus far been paid to intracellular mechanisms of plasticity rather than extracellular alterations that might trigger and facilitate intracellular changes. Emerging evidence has shown that nerve injury alters the microarchitecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreases ECM rigidity in the dHPC. Despite this, it remains elusive which element of the ECM in the dHPC is affected and how it contributes to neuropathic pain and comorbid cognitive deficits. Laminin, a key element of the ECM, consists of α-, β-, and γ-chains and has been implicated in several pathophysiological processes. Here, we showed that peripheral nerve injury downregulates laminin β1 (LAMB1) in the dHPC. Silencing of hippocampal LAMB1 exacerbates pain sensitivity and induces cognitive dysfunction. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that loss of hippocampal LAMB1 causes dysregulated Src/NR2A signaling cascades via interaction with integrin β1, leading to decreased Ca²⁺ levels in pyramidal neurons, which in turn orchestrates structural and functional plasticity and eventually results in exaggerated pain responses and cognitive deficits. In this study, we shed new light on the functional capability of hippocampal ECM LAMB1 in the modulation of neuropathic pain and comorbid cognitive deficits, and reveal a mechanism that conveys extracellular alterations to intracellular plasticity. Moreover, we identified hippocampal LAMB1/integrin β1 signaling as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and related memory loss.
Animals ; Laminin/genetics* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Neuralgia/metabolism* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology* ; Male ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries/metabolism* ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism* ; Integrin beta1/metabolism* ; Pyramidal Cells/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) had a good curative effect on the neuroprotection of red nucleus neurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) and the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=18 per group) according to a random number table, including the control, model, low- (12.78 g/kg, BL group), medium- (25.65 g/kg, BM group), and high-dose BYHWD groups (51.30 g/kg, BH group). A rubrospinal tract transection model in rats was established, and different doses of BYHWD were intragastrically administrated for 4 weeks. The forelimb locomotor function was recorded using the spontaneous vertical exploration test. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level in red nucleus was detected through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The morphology and number of red nucleus neurons were observed using Nissl's staining and axonal retrograde tracing by Fluoro-Gold (FG). The expression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in red nucleus were detected using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the utilization rate of bilateral forelimbs, unilateral right forelimbs, proportion of FG-labeled positive neurons, cAMP level, protein expressions of PKA and BDNF, and BDNF mRNA expression were significantly decreased in the model group (P<0.01), while NF-κB p65 was increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the utilization rate of bilateral forelimbs and unilateral right forelimbs were significantly higher in the BL, BM and BH groups (P<0.01), the proportion of FG-labeled positive neurons, cAMP level, protein expressions of PKA and BDNF and BDNF mRNA expression in all BYHWD groups were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while NF-κB p65 were decreased in all BYHWD groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS BYHWD possesses a sound neuroprotective effect on red nucleus neurons after SCI, and the efficacy was dose-related. The mechanism may be related to regulating the cAMP/PKA/NF-κ B p65 signaling pathway, finally promoting expression of BDNF.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Male ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism* ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/genetics* ; Red Nucleus/metabolism* ; Recovery of Function/drug effects* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Rats

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status of antimicrobial agent usage intensity(AUD)of antibiot-ics,carbapenems(CB)and isolation rates of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria(CRGNB)and explore the effect of CB on hospital-associated CRGNB infections.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on antimicrobial agent usage and clinical data of the patients who were hospitalized in Nantong University Affiliated Hospital from 2023 to 2024.The antimicrobial usage patterns,CB-AUD and isolation rates of CRGNB were sta-tistically analyzed.Additionally,the clinical data from 1933 confirmed hospital-acquired infection cases from 2023 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were classified into two groups based on CRGNB resist-ance:the CRGNB-infected group with 376 cases and the non-CRGNB-infected group with 1557 cases.The risk factors for CRGNB infections were identified.RESULTS In the two years,the overall utilization rate of antimicro-bial drug and AUD fluctuated every six months(P＜0.05).The overall define daily dose system(DDDs)and AUD of the three CBs(meropenem,imipenem/cilastatin and biapenem)increased every six months(P＜0.05).The o-verall drug resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to CB decreased every six months(P＜0.05).The logistic re-gression analysis showed that the duration of use of CB and combined use of antibiotics were the risk factors for the CRGNB infections(with the OR values,1.445,2.479,1.958,respectively,all P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The overall use of CB is on the rise.The use of CB,especially the duration of CB,increases the probability of CRGNB infection.Therefore,it is necessary for the hospital to strengthen the monitoring of CB-AUD and supervi-sion of CB.

Objective To employ three dimensional high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging(3D hr-VW-MRI)for analyzing the imaging characteristics of posterior circulation non-stenotic intracranial atherosclerotic plaque and to discuss its diagnostic value in identifying culprit plaques.Methods Ninety-three patients(age[62.94±9.70]years old,67 males,26 females)with non-stenotic atherosclerosis in our hospital from Jan.2019 to Jan.2021 were retrospectively recruited.The imaging features of plaques,including luminal area,maximum wall thickness and minimum wall thickness at the most stenotic site,stenosis rate,plaque burden,remodeling index,eccentricity index,enhancement ratio at the most stenotic site,and intraplaque hemorrhage,were measured based on T1-weighted imaging(T1WI)and contrast-enhanced T1WI.The culprit plaque was defined as a lesion arising from the responsible vascular supply area to a fresh infarction on the diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery(T2-FLAIR)images with accompanying ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack(TIA).A plaque was considered to be a nonculprit plaque when it occurred in patients with presumed ischemic stroke/TIA,but without an infarct on DWI and T2-FLAIR.Results Sixty-one culprit plaques and 32 non-culprit plaques were analyzed.The proportions of patients with hyperlipidemia,National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)score,narrowest plaque enhancement rate,and incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage in the culprit plaque group were significantly higher than those in the non-culprit plaque group(all P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that NIHSS score(odds ratio[OR]=1.799,95％confidence interval[CI]1.303-2.484,P＜0.001),enhancement ratio(OR=1.076,95％CI 1.027-1.128,P=0.002)and intraplaque hemorrhage(OR=30.708,95％CI 2.563-367.925,P=0.007)were associated with plaque type.Conclusion NIHSS score,enhancement ratio at the most stenotic site,and intraplaque hemorrhage are independent risk factors for culprit plaques in patients with posterior circulation non-stenotic intracranial atherosclerotic disease.These indicators may help identify such culprit plaques and could be used to screen individuals with plaques having these characteristics,thereby providing a basis for early preventive interventions.

Objective To analyze the computed tomography(CT)imaging features of urachal carcinoma and evaluate its diagnostic value.Methods The clinical data of 20 patients with urachal carcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology,who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Dec.2012 to Dec.2022,were collected.Seventeen of the 20 patients underwent enhanced CT urography and 3 underwent pelvic CT plain scan+enhanced scan.After scanning,multiplanar reconstruction was performed on the post-processing workstation.The general data,clinical symptoms,CT imaging findings,pathological data,and prognosis of the patients were analyzed and summarized.Results The patients included 16 males and 4 females,aged 27 to 75 years old,with a median age of 61.50(41.50,71.25)years old.The tumors were all located in the anterior wall of the bladder,along the urachus,with a maximum diameter of 1.72-5.55 cm and a median maximum diameter of 3.34(2.48,3.71)cm.Fourteen cases had cystic-solid lesions and 6 had solid lesions.In the cystic-solid lesions,9 cases showed the"upper cystic and lower solid"sign on the sagittal plane.Calcification was noted in 17 cases.After enhanced scanning,18 cases showed progressive enhancement,and 2 cases showed"fast in and fast out"enhancement.Tumor invasion extended beyond the urachus and/or bladder muscle layer in 19 cases.At the end of follow-up,3 cases had recurrence,2 had metastasis,5 had no recurrence after surgery,3 died,and 7 were lost to follow-up.Conclusion Urachal carcinoma has certain characteristic manifestations on CT imaging.Reconstructing the sagittal plane with enhanced CT scanning and multiplanner reformation can help preoperative diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of urachal carcinoma.

Under the background of forensic medicine becoming a first-level discipline,the opportuni-ties and challenges of discipline development coexist.Starting from the actual situation and characteris-tics of local medical colleges and universities,this paper discusses the problems and solutions for the development of forensic medicine discipline from the perspective of building a regional high-level medical university.Combined with the experiences of carrying out forensic medicine education in our college,this paper supplies our thoughts and practices on improving the discipline system,enhancing the ability to serve society,perfecting the talent cultivation model and promoting forensic culture,to provide reference and inspiration for the development of forensic medicine in other universities,jointly promote the advancement of forensic medicine in China to a new stage,and contribute the wisdom and strength of forensic medical experts to the construction of a law-based China,a safe China and a healthy China.

Naval hospitals,the backbone of naval health service system,are the key to build a world-class naval health service system.On the basis of the requirements of military transformation and high-quality development of public hospitals,this paper summarized five aspects of high-quality development of naval hospitals,including directions and regulations,support and contribution of combats,efficiency,sustainable development momentum,and the expansion of service functions.It is very important to strengthen the top-level design and policy support for naval hospitals,to improve the level of governance and innovation,and to find the right target for the naval hospital construction in naval health service system reform.