OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variability of bone metabolism levels among different populations and its association with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) pain. METHODS: A total of 50 people (control group) who participated in physical examination from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected, including 26 males and 24 females, wtih a mean aged of (52.14±9.04) years old ranging 41 to 65 years old. The other 50 patients with knee osteoarthritis(case group) who attended the outpatient clinic of the Orthopedics and Traumatology Department in the same time period, including 19 males and 31 females, with a mean age of (53.60±7.76) years old ranging 40 to 65 years. The two groups of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC) and bone metabolism markers, such as 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol[25(OH)D], β-isomerized typeⅠcollagen C-telopeptide breakdown products (β-CTX), total typeⅠprocollagen N-terminal propeptide (t-PINP), osteocalcin (OC), parathormone (PTH) levels were compared. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between two groups of bone metabolism related markers and WOMAC. RESULTS: The WOMAC score of the case group (39.90±2.34) was higher than that of the control group (3.60±0.57), with significant difference (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups of 25 (OH)D, β-CTX and PTH (P>0.05). The t-PINP and OC of the case group were (62.90±52.40) and (19.88±10.15) ng·ml-1, respectively, and those of the control group were (38.86±10.82) and (14.90±3.62) ng·ml^-1, respectively;the t-PINP and OC of the case group were higher than those of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that t-PINP was positively correlated with WOMAC pain score in the case group (r²=0.045, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Bone metabolism levels in the serum of patients with knee osteoarthritis are different from those of healthy people, and the difference between OC and t-PINP is the most obvious, and the concentration of t-PINP levels is positively correlated with pain symptoms in patients with KOA. However, the specific mechanism of correlation between the bone metabolism levels of patients with KOA and their pain symptoms needs to be further elucidated by basic experimental research as well as by enlarging the samples.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism* ; Aged ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Pain/etiology* ; Biomarkers/metabolism*

Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effects of infigratinib and its pharmacologically active metabolites,BHS697 and CQM157,on cytochrome P450(CYPs)and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases(UGTs)in rat liver microsomes.Methods By adopting in vitro incubation method,the tested compounds(infigratinib,BHS697 or CQM157)and rat liver microsomes were incubated with the specific probe substrates of CYP2B6,CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP3 A4,respectively,or the specific probe substrates of UGT1A1,UGT1A3,UGT1A6,UGT1A9,UGT2B7,respectively.The production of characteristic metabolites was detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)and inhibition constant(Ki)were calculated by GraphPad Prism 8.0.Results Infigratinib,BHS697 and CQM157 weakly inhibited CYP2B6,CYP2C8,CYP2C9,CYP2C19,CYP2D6,CYP3 A4 and UGT1A6,UGT2B7 in rat liver microsomes,with IC50 values all more than 10 μmol·L-1,and moderately inhibited UGT1Al with IC50 values of 2.70,3.17,7.43 μmol·L-,respectively.Infigratinib had a moderate inhibitory effect on UGT1A9 and CQM157 had a moderate inhibitory effect on UGTIA3,with IC50 values of 5.61 and 9.57 μmol·L-1,respectively.The reversible inhibition analysis showed that infigratinib,BHS697 and CQM157 all non-competitively inhibited UGTIA1,with Ki values of 1.83,2.51 and 5.84 μmol·L-1,respectively.Conclusion Infigratinib had moderate inhibitory effects on UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 in rat liver microsomes and its pharmacologically active metabolites,BHS697 and CQM157,also had moderate inhibitory effects on UGT1A1.

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most abundant modification of RNA methylation,dynamically regulated by"writer"and"eraser",regulating the expression of target genes by modulating key biological processes such as mRNA splicing,stability,and translation,after being recognized and combined by"reader".Recent studies have revealed that m6A modifica-tion can regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters,consequently affecting the body's drug meta-bolic rate or intracellular drug concentrations,and ultimately in-fluencing therapeutic outcomes.This article reviews the research progress of the molecular mechanism of m6A modification regula-ting drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters,so as to pro-vide a new idea for rational and personalized clinicaldrug use.

Aim To establish a reliable in vitro evaluation sys-tem to assess human liver UGTs activities and the inhibitory effect of drugs on human liver UGTs and validate its accuracy and stability.Methods Six probe substrate of the six major subtypes of human liver microsomal UGT enzymes were select-ed.The activity of human liver microsomal UGT enzymes was determined under optimized incubation conditions using a metab-olite generation method.The concentrations of metabolites were determined using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS)method.Known inhibitors were used to verify the established incubation system.Results The estab-lished LC-MS/MS analysis method complied with the require-ments of bioanalysis.In the incubation system of this experi-ment,known UGT inhibitors exhibited significant inhibitory effects.Conclusions This study successfully establishes an ac-curate and reliable in vitro evaluation system,which can be used to assess the in vitro inhibition of drugs on UGT enzymes,provi-ding important guidance for drug development and rational clini-cal medication.

Neck dissection(ND)is one of the main treatment methods for oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Although ND type is in con-stant improvement,but intraoperative peal-pull-push injury of the accessory nerve,muscle,muscle membrane,fascia and ligament induced shoulder syndrome(SS)is still a common postoperative complication,combined with the influence of radiochemotherapy,not only can cause pain,stiffness,numbness,limited dysfunction of shoulder neck and arm,but also may have serious impact on patient's life quality and phys-ical and mental health.At present,there is still a lack of a systematic evaluation and rehabilitation management program for postoperative SS of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.Based on the previous clinical practice and the current available evidence,refer to the relevant lit-erature at home and abroad,the experts in the field of maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation were invited to discuss,modify and reach a consenusus on the etiology,assessment diagnosis,differential diagnosis,rehabilitation strategy and prevention of SS,in order to provide clinical reference.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the pharmacodynamic substances responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Cyperi Rhizoma by structure-activity omics. MethodOn the basis of the previous in vitro efficacy study by our research group， this study explored the in vivo efficacy of the flavonoids in Cyperi Rhizoma. The flavonoids in Cyperi Rhizoma and their targets were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， PharmMapper， Swiss TargetPrediction， and available articles. The targets of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were collected from DisGeNET and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）. The common targets shared by flavonoids and the effects were selected as the direct targets of flavonoids endowing Cyperi Rhizoma with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network of the core targets was constructed. The method of structure-activity omics was employed to correlate the structure and efficacy of one or more classes of chemical components in Cyperi Rhizoma with the targets as a bridge. The components were classified according to structure. Molecular docking of components to core targets was carried out via SYBYL-X 2.1.1， PyMol， and Discovery Studio 4.5 visualizer. Two targets with the highest binding affinity were selected to explore the relationship between compound structures and targets. ResultThe flavonoids in Cyperi Rhizoma exerted anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the mouse model of pain induced by formaldehyde. Eighteen components and 115 direct targets were screened out， and the core targets with high activities were protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， cellular tumor antigen p53 （TP53）， prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）. According to the structures， the flavonoids in Cyperi Rhizoma were classified into bioflavonoids， flavonols， flavones， and flavanes. The molecular docking results showed that flavonoids of Cyperi Rhizoma had the highest binding affinity to TP53 and PTGS2. The results of structure-activity omics showed that bioflavonoids represented the best binding structure to the targets， while their polyhydroxyl etherification resulted in a significant decrease in the binding affinity to PTGS2. Glycosides had higher binding affinity to PTGS2. The introduction of the long-chain hydrocarbon group to the A ring of flavonols facilitated the binding to TP53， while the change of B ring substituents was not the main factor affecting the binding affinity. The 3，4-dihydroxyl flavane outperformed 3-hydroxyl flavane in the binding to TP53， while the two compounds showed similar binding affinity to PTGS2. ConclusionThe method of structure-activity omics was used to analyze the material basis for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of flavonoids in Cyperi Rhizoma. Structure-activity omics provides new ideas for revealing the pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicine.

The complex chemical composition and limited research ideas of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） have led to the unclear material basis and mechanism of the medicinal effects， which is a common problem hindering the modernization of TCM in China. The introduction of computer virtual technology has provided a new perspective for TCM research. In this study， we established the research method of structure-activity omics to study the relationships between the structures and effects of different compounds in TCM based on the chemical structures of TCM components and to analyze and predict the material basis and multitarget synergistic mechanism of TCM. Furthermore， a structure-activity omics study was carried out with the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Qizhi Weitong granules as an example. This study provides support for screening the pharmacodynamic components and analyzing the active ingredients of TCM and gives insights into the research on the material basis and mechanism of compound efficacy and the development of lead compounds of TCM， thus promoting the modern research and the innovative development of TCM.

ObjectiveTo explain the pharmacodynamic substances of Aurantii Fructus flavonoids that exert anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects using a structure-activity omics approach. MethodOn the basis of the previous in vitro pharmacological screening conducted by the research team， an in vivo pharmacological study of Aurantii Fructus flavonoids was carried out. Core targets of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic active components of flavonoids of Aurantii Fructus were identified using various network databases， including the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING）. Computer-aided virtual screening technology was used to dock different types of Aurantii Fructus flavonoids with core targets. The key core targets with high binding activity were selected based on the comprehensive scores of each target and the active structures. Using these targets as bridges， the structures of one or more types of chemical components in Aurantii Fructus were closely linked to pharmacological effects. The structure-activity relationship between the clear pharmacodynamic compounds and their effects was explored through the binding patterns of various structures with pharmacodynamic targets. ResultAurantii Fructus flavonoids demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on dextran sulfate sodium （DSS）-induced colitis in mice， which could improve symptoms and significantly reduce the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）（P<0.05）. Twelve active components of Aurantii Fructus flavonoids were identified and categorized into nine dihydroflavonoids and three flavonoids based on their structures of the parent nuclei. Through Venn analysis， 167 anti-inflammatory and analgesic targets for Aurantii Fructus were identified. Based on degree value and molecular docking comprehensive scores， prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2） and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3（MAPK3） were selected for further structural analysis. Structural analysis revealed that components containing glycoside structures exhibited higher binding activity with anti-inflammatory and analgesic targets. ConclusionThis study utilized a structure-activity omics approach based on in vivo pharmacodynamic experiments to analyze the material basis of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Aurantii Fructus flavonoids. The structure-activity omics approach provides new ideas and methods for elucidating the pharmacodynamic substances of Chinese medicine.

Orodispersible films (oral dispersible films), a novel form of oral solid dosage forms, are widely used for patients with dysphagia and those with uncontrollable autonomic behavior. In this study, suvorexant orodispersible film was prepared by hot melt extrusion technology, and the disintegration time, mechanical properties, in vitro dissolution and pharmacokinetics were evaluated, compared with other orodispersible films and commercially available tablets Belsomra. All experiments were approved by the Committee on the Management and Use of Laboratory Animals of Academy of Military Medical Sciences (IACUC-DWZX-2024-504). The results showed that the dissolution rate of suvorexant orodispersible film was faster and the mechanical strength was better than that of other commercially available orodispersible film, which could meet the needs of storage and transportation. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction results showed that suvorexant was dispersed within the orodispersible film in an amorphous state. The in vitro dissolution of the film was observed to be four times faster than that of the commercial tablets, achieving complete dissolution within five minutes. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in Beagle dogs revealed that the self-formulated orodispersible film exhibited no significant differences in the area under the blood concentration-time curve when compared with Belsomra. However, the film showed a faster onset of action, with a peak time that was twice as rapid, and a maximum blood concentration that was twice as high as that of Belsomra. Leveraging hot melt extrusion technology, the suvorexant orodispersible film offers a straightforward, continuous production process with consistent quality. It serves as an excellent platform for the development of solvent-free film preparations tailored for patients with special needs.

The rheological properties of drug and carrier materials have a wide range of guiding significance for the formulation and process development of solid dispersions. In this study, the rheological properties of materials with different drug carrier ratios were systematically studied with suvorexant as the model drug and copovidone as the carrier material, which provided a sufficient basis for determining the formulation and process of solid dispersions. The optimal suvorexant-copovidone ratio obtained by oscillating temperature scanning was 1∶4. If the ratio is greater than 1∶ 4, the glass transformation temperature of the material will increase significantly, and the solubilization effect of the solid dispersion will show a downward trend. The results of oscillation temperature scanning and oscillation temperature sweep can show that when the extrusion temperature is greater than 150 ℃, the viscosity of the material is less than 10 000 Pa·s, and the melt can be extruded smoothly, and the best extrusion temperature of 160-180 ℃ can be obtained by combining the dissolution results. Finally, the dissolution of suvorexant tablets guided by rheological property studies in multiple media is similar to that of the commercially available tablets Belsomra. Therefore, rheological studies can screen and optimize the formulation and process of suvorexant solid dispersions at the mechanism level, which is of great significance to improve the success rate of R&D and shorten the R&D cycle of solid dispersions prepared by hot melt extrusion.