Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control programme in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide insights into precision control and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods The integrated measures for schistosomiasis control implemented by health, agriculture, water resources, and forestry departments of Wuhan City, and the epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Wuhan City were collected from 2005 to 2023, and the prevalence of human schistosomiasis, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and bovines, areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats, areas of snail habitats in inner embankments, and actual areas of snail habitats were retrieved. In addition, the trends in prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status were evaluated in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 using Mann-Kendall test and a Joinpoint regression model. Results Mann-Kendall test revealed a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis (Z = -4.41, P < 0.01), prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans (Z = -4.89, P < 0.01) and bovines (Z = -4.50, P < 0.01), areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats (Z = -3.91, P < 0.01), areas of snail habitats in inner embankments (Z = -2.28, P = 0.02), and actual areas of snail habitats (Z = -5.95, P < 0.01) in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023. Joinpoint regression analysis showed an average annual reduction of 8.58% in the prevalence of human schistosomiasis in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = -8.58%, 95% confidence interval (CI): (-10.02%, -6.65%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2013 and 2016, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2016 [annual percent change (APC) = -34.41%, 95% CI: (-40.36%, -20.01%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum human infections appeared an average annual reduction of 51.91% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -51.91%, 95% CI: (-58.12%, -44.25%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2014 and 2017, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.17%, 95% CI: (-99.17%, -90.87%), P < 0.01]. The prevalence of S. japonicum infections in bovines appeared an average annual reduction of 53.12% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -53.12%, 95% CI: (-59.65%, -42.44%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2014 through 2017 [APC = -98.63%, 95% CI: (-99.44%, -90.93%), P < 0.01]. The areas of S. japonicum-infected snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 47.09% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -47.09%, 95% CI: (-52.92%, -38.26%), P < 0.01], with two joinpoints in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2011 through 2014 [APC = -97.27%, 95% CI: (-98.65%, -88.06%), P < 0.01]. The areas of snail habitats in inner embankments appeared an average annual reduction of 4.45% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -4.45%, 95% CI: (-5.18%, -3.82%), P < 0.01], with three joinpoints in 2011, 2015 and 2018, respectively, and statistical significance was seen in the tendency towards a decline during the period from 2005 through 2011 [APC = -16.38%, 95% CI: (-20.15%, -14.25%), P < 0.01]. In addition, the actual areas of snail habitats appeared an average annual reduction of 2.65% in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023 [AAPC = -2.65%, 95% CI: (-2.89%, -2.40%), P < 0.01], with a joinpoint in 2013, and the tendency towards a decline showed statistical significance during the period from 2013 through 2023 [APC = -4.06%, 95% CI: (-4.66%, -3.58%), P < 0.01]. Conclusions The integrated schistosomiasis control programme achieved significant effectiveness in Wuhan City from 2005 to 2023, with a tendency towards a decline in morbidity due to schistosomiasis in humans and livestock and snail status. The integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on management of the source of S. japonicum infections should continue to be implemented to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in the city.

The symptoms of allergic diseases are complex and changeable, and the pathogenesis is complex and difficult to distinguish, and the prevalence of allergic diseases has gradually increased in recent years. Due to the relative limitations of Western medical treatment, in order to further meet the clinical treatment goals, the "lung being responsible for regulating visceral activities" is now used as the theoretical basis, combined with modern medicine, to explore the pathogenesis and etiological mechanism of this disease. Based on the classics, it is proposed that allergic diseases have four characteristics: "onset of allergies, seasonality of disease onset, diversity of symptoms, and recurrence of recovery", and summarized the etiology and pathogenesis as "stagnation of incubative pathogenic factors and disharmony between the nutritive and defensive levels, imbalance of waterways and obstruction of phlegm and dampness, a dysfunction in the pivotal qi flow leading to malnourishment of the skin and hair, the intermingling of cold and heat leads to the dysfunction of the orifices, a disorder of the blood-governing organs leads to extravasation of blood", and advocated that the treatment should take into account the symptoms, syndromes, viscera, and seasons, and clarify the syndromes, which would provide a new research idea for the exploration of the TCM connotation of this disease.

Objective To analyze the trends in Oncomelania hupensis distribution in Wuhan City, Hubei Province from 2003 to 2022, so as to provide insights into precision schistosomiasis control. Methods Data pertaining to O. hupensis snail survey in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 were collected. The trends in the proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in snails were evaluated in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 with the slope of trend curve (β), annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) using a Joinpoint regression model. Results During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in Wuhan City in 2005 and 2015, with a rise during the period from 2003 to 2005 (β₁ = 5.93, t = 1.280, P > 0.05), a decline from 2005 to 2015 (β₂ = −0.88, t = −2.074, P > 0.05) and a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.46, t = −2.356, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2006 and 2015, with no significant differences in the trends from 2003 to 2006 (β₁ = 4.64, t = 1.888, P > 0.05) or from 2006 to 2015 (β₂ = −1.45, t = −2.143, P > 0.05), and with a tendency towards a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 2.04, t = −3.100, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2012 and 2020, with a tendency towards a decline from 2003 to 2012 (β₁ = −0.39, t = −4.608, P < 0.05) and with no significant differences in the trends from 2012 to 2020 (β₂ = 0.03, t = 0.245, P > 0.05) and from 2020 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.38, t = 1.479, P > 0.05). During the period from 2003 to 2022, the actual area with snail habitats all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City, and in islet and inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (AAPC = −2.39%, −5.75% and −2.35%, all P values < 0.05). The mean density of living snails reduced from 0.087 snails/0.1 m² in 2003 to 0.027 snails/0.1 m² in 2022 in Wuhan City, with a significant difference in the tendency towards the decline (APC = AAPC = −11.47%, P < 0.05). The annual mean decline rate of the mean density of living snails was 17.36% in outside embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −17.36%, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the trends in the mean density of living snails in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −0.97%, P > 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −12.45%, P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022. Intensified snail control, modification of snail habitats, shrinking of areas with snails and implementation of grazing prohibition in snail-infested settings are required, in order to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in Wuhan City.

Objective:To explore the experience and learning curve of single-line suspension suction rod-assisted hybrid cavity-building thyroid surgery via the oral vestibular approach.Methods:Clinical data of 138 patients undergoing single-line suspension suction rod-assisted hybrid cavity-building thyroid surgery via oral vestibular approach from Sep. 2019 to Dec. 2021 in the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College were retrospectively analyzed. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) method and best-fit curve analysis were used to compare the differences in each index such as operative time, intraoperative bleeding, number of lymph nodes cleared in the central region and postoperative related complications at various stages of the learning curve.Results:All 138 patients underwent single-line suspension rod-assisted hybrid cavity-building thyroid surgery via the oral vestibular approach, and one patient was converted to open surgery due to large intraoperative bleeding in the mass. There were 14 males and 124 females, mean age (36.07±8.49) years (20-55 years), thyroid tumor size (7.74±6.49) mm (2.4-50mm), 5 cases underwent Subtotal thyroidectomy, 129 cases underwent Unilateral lobectomy + lymph node dissection in the middle region, and 4 cases total thyroidectomy + central zone lymph node dissection. The number of surgical cases corresponding to the apex of the CUSUM learning curve was 45, and the learning curve was divided into two stages: the learning improvement stage (1-45 cases) and the mastery stage (46-138 cases). The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospital stay, and chin numbness were all lower in the proficiency period than in the learning and training period ( P<0.05), and the number of lymph nodes cleared in the central region was larger than that in the learning and improvement stage ( P<0.05), while the differences in other indexes between the two stages were not statistically significant ( P>0.05) . Conclusion:The single-line suspension suction rod-assisted hybrid cavity-building thyroid surgery via the oral vestibular approach has clinical application value and is worth promoting, and the number of surgical cases to be accumulated to master this technique is 45.

Objective To explore the effect of a phased rehabilitation training programme to relieve shoulder dys-function in patients after neck dissection and to provide effective solutions for postoperative shoulder joint function recov-ery of patients.Methods This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee,and informed consent has been obtained from patients.A phased rehabilitaiton training programme for the shoulder after neck dessection was developed through literature review and discussion,and 70 eligible patients from Hospital of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University from December 2020 to April 2021 were selected and randomly divided into the test group and control group(35 patients in each group).The control group underwent motor rehabilitation training from 6 weeks postoperative to 1 year after surgery,such as shoulder mobility and coordination training and small range of motion training of the neck,while the test group took part in a rehabilitation training program that included familiarization maneuver training,protective rehabilitation,exercise rehabilitation,and resistance training in the following four stages:preoperative,postop-erative general anesthesia and awake until the removal of stitches,the removal of stitches until 6 weeks after surgery,and 6 weeks after surgery until 1 year after surgery.The frequency of training in both groups was at least 3 days per week,and the length of each training session was 10-15 min.The intensity of exercise was 2-3 points on the Borg Conscious Ex-ercise Intensity Scale(i.e.,mild-to-moderate tachypnea or fatigue).The neck dissection injury index(NDII)was used to evaluate the quality of life related to shoulder joint function at four time points:preoperative,postoperative 3 months,postoperative 6 months,and postoperative 12 months.The higher the score,the better the quality of life.Results 28 cases in the test group and 32 cases in the control group completed a one-year follow-up.At 3 and 6 months postopera-tive,the NDII of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group[3 months postoperative:test group(93.48±9.36)vs.control group(80.00±11.34)(P＜0.001),6 months postoperative:test group(98.21±4.76)vs.control group(90.70±9.12)(P＜0.001)];12 months after surgery,the NDII of the test group(97.23±4.88)was still higher than that of the control group(96.33±4.49),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.458).The difference in NDII scores among subjects at 3,6,and 12 months after surgery was statistically significant in each group(P＜0.001).Conclusion The application of the phased rehabilitation training method in neck dissection patients has a feasibility and could improve the quality of life of patients'shoulder joint function within 6 months after surgery.

Objective　To analyze and visualize the epidemic changes of schistosomiasis in Wuhan from 2013 to 2022 based on a geographical information system (GIS), providing references for further schistosomiasis control activities. Methods　According to the historical data of the annual reports of schistosomiasis screening and street-level vector map of Wuhan City from 2013 to 2022, a spatial database of epidemic information at the street level was established. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to analyze the trend of phased changes in blood positivity rate for schistosomiasis. ArcMap 10.8 was employed for the spatial visualization of the positive rate of serological tests for schistosomiasis among the screened population in the endemic areas of Wuhan over the past decade, as well as conducting hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) to explore the spatial clustering relationship and spatiotemporal trends. Heatmaps were generated to reflect the changes in the positive rate of blood tests for schistosomiasis over a decade in various streets, and the areas were classified by the ward’s method of hierarchical clustering using the sum of squared deviations. Results　Over the past decade, the overall annual positive rate of schistosomiasis screening in Wuhan declined from 2.23% in 2013 to 0.47% in 2022, showing a general downward trend. The Joinpoint regression model analysis of the blood positive rate indicated the presence of one connection point in 2015; from 2013 to 2015, the annual percent change (APC) of the positive rate was 2.17%, showing an upward trend (P>0.05); from 2015 to 2022, the APC was -23.34%, indicating a downward trend (P<0.05). The map of positive street-level schistosomiasis screening rates for 2013-2022 shows that the positive rate count on the streets of Caidian District and Hannan District in southwestern Wuhan and Huashan Street on the east side, had a significant decrease over the ten years, while the rate in the streets under the jurisdiction of Dongxihu District in the west showed an increase. The hot spot analysis graph revealed that hot spots of the positive rate in Wuhan shifted from the southwest to the west beginning in 2018. The heatmap indicated the largest disparity in trend changes, with the most noteworthy decline in streets under Caidian District and an increasing trend in the streets under Dongxihu District. Conclusions　The overall epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhan is on a downtrend, although the positive rate of blood tests has increased in some areas. This has been attributed to a reduction in the total number of people participating in the blood tests and the slow decrease of antibodies in certain patients who were repeatedly sampled for testing. It is important to further strengthen the construction of monitoring capabilities, improve the sensitivity of monitoring systems, identify potential risks promptly, and handle them properly.

Objective To determine whether Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan ⅡA)has an effect on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced prolifera-tion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),phenotypic switching,or autophagy.Methods In this study,murine aortic smooth muscle cell lines were treated with Ang Ⅱ to establish a model of cell proliferation.Different concentrations of Tan ⅡA were added and effects on cell proliferation and migration were determined by cell counting using a CCK-8 assay and a cell scratch assay,respectively.Alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of contractile VSMCs,was detected by Western blotting.Expression levels of osteopontin(OPN)and the autophagy-related proteins(p62,Beclin-1,LC3A/B)were assayed to determine the effect of Tan ⅡA on VSMC phenotypic transformation and autophagy.Cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA),combined with Tan ⅡA,and then cell proliferation,migration and expression levels of phenotypic markers and autophagy-related proteins were assessed.Results After Ang Ⅱ treatment,the proliferation and migratory capacity of VSMCs was significantly enhanced,and phenotypic transformation was sig-nificantly inhibited by Ang Ⅱ.Western blotting revealed that Ang Ⅱ reduced the expression of α-SMA,increased the expression of OPN,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3A/B,and that these effects increased with higher Tan ⅡA concentrations.After the addition of 3-MA to the treated cells,the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by Ang Ⅱ was inhibited,the expression of α-SMA was increased,and the expres-sion of OPN,p62,Beclin-1,and LC3A/B was decreased,which was consistent with the effect of Tan ⅡA.Conclusion Tan ⅡA may have inhibitory effects on phenotypic transformation,proliferation,migration,and autophagy of Ang Ⅱ-treated VSMC,suggesting that the inhi-bition of the proliferation and migration may be regulated by autophagy.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the role and potential mechanism of transformer 2β (Tra2β) in cervical cancer were explored. METHODS: The transcriptional data of Tra2β in patients with cervical cancer from Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and cBioPortal databases were investigated. The functions of Tra2β were evaluated by using Western blot, MTT, colony formation, Transwell assays, and nude mouse tumor formation experiments. Target genes regulated by Tra2β were studied by RNA-seq. Subsequently, representative genes were selected for RT-qPCR, confocal immunofluorescence, Western blot, and rescue experiments to verify their regulatory relationship. RESULTS: The dysregulation of Tra2β in cervical cancer samples was observed. Tra2β overexpression in Siha and Hela cells enhanced cell viability and proliferation, whereas Tra2β knockdown showed the opposite effect. Alteration of Tra2β expression did not affect cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, tumor xenograft models verified that Tra2β promoted cervical cancer growth. Mechanically, Tra2β positively regulated the mRNA and protein level of SP1, which was critical for the proliferative capability of Tra2β. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the important role of the Tra2β/SP1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Female ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/genetics* ; HeLa Cells ; Cell Proliferation ; Biological Assay ; Transcription Factors ; Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics*

ObjectiveTo test the inter-tester reliability and test-retest reliability of MyotonPRO for evaluating neck and shoulder muscle performance parameters in patients with unilateral chronic neck pain, observe the difference of muscle performance between the healthy and affected sides of patients with chronic neck pain, and analyze the factors that cause the imbalance of muscle performance in patients with chronic neck pain. MethodsFrom January to June, 2023, 32 patients with unilateral chronic neck pain in Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected. Two testers used the same MyotonPRO equipment to measure the muscle tone, muscle hardness and muscle elasticity on both sides of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the upper trapezius muscle in the relaxed position. Tester 1 repeated the measurement after an interval of 30 minutes, and Tester 2 was measured within the time interval between the two measurements of Tester 1. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of mean (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated simultaneously. The measurement results were plotted into Bland-Altman diagram and systematic bias analysis was performed. The difference in muscle characteristics between the affected side and the healthy side was compared. At the same time, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score and body mass index (BMI) of the subjects were collected for correlation analysis. ResultsExcept the sternocleidomastoid muscle elasticity of the affected side (ICC = 0.697), the inter-tester reliability of all other parameters was high to very high (ICC = 0.719 to 0.952, SEM = 0.04 to 6.53, MDC = 0.12 to 18.11). The test-retest reliability of all parameters was high (ICC = 0.883 to 0.981, SEM = 0.03 to 5.72, MDC = 0.09 to 15.84). Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that the scatter distribution was consistent. The muscle tone, muscle hardness and muscle elasticity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and upper trapezius muscle were higher on the affected side than on the healthy side (t > 2.846, P < 0.05). The asymmetry index of tension, hardness and elasticity of upper trapezius muscle and sternocleidomastoid muscle was significantly positively correlated with VAS score and BMI (r > 0.385, P < 0.05). ConclusionMyotonPRO has good inter-tester reliability and retest reliability in evaluating the muscle performance of both sides of patients with chronic neck pain. The muscle tone, muscle hardness and muscle elasticity of sternocleidomastoid muscle and upper trapezius muscle on the affected side were higher than on the healthy side, and the difference of muscle performance was positively correlated with pain and BMI.

Many efforts have been made to understand excitotoxicity and develop neuroprotectants for the therapy of ischemic stroke. The narrow treatment time window is still to be solved. Given that the ischemic core expanded over days, treatment with an extended time window is anticipated. Bestrophin 1 (BEST1) belongs to a bestrophin family of calcium-activated chloride channels. We revealed an increase in neuronal BEST1 expression and function within the peri-infarct from 8 to 48 h after ischemic stroke in mice. Interfering the protein expression or inhibiting the channel function of BEST1 by genetic manipulation displayed neuroprotective effects and improved motor functional deficits. Using electrophysiological recordings, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate release through BEST1 channel resulted in delayed excitotoxicity. Finally, we confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of BEST1 during 6-72 h post-ischemia in rodents. This delayed treatment prevented the expansion of infarct volume and the exacerbation of neurological functions. Our study identifies the glutamate-releasing BEST1 channel as a potential therapeutic target against ischemic stroke with a wide time window.