Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes. Its serotype is unique, however, based on the phylogenetic analysis of viral nucleotide sequences, it can be divided into five genotypes:genotypeⅠ(GⅠ)-GⅤ. In recent years, the GⅤ type JEV has reappeared and shown a widespread epidemic trend in many Asian countries, posing a serious challenge to the current global dominant use of G Ⅲ strain-based Japanese encephalitis vaccines. This article provides a systematic review of the research progress on the neutralizing antibody activity and in vitro and in vivo protective effects of GⅢ type Japanese encephalitis vaccine against GⅤ type JEV, providing reference for the development direction and optimization of prevention and control strategies for new Japanese encephalitis vaccines.

Objective To observe the value of multi-detector CT(MDCT)for evaluating changes of aortic root parameters caused by aortic stenosis(AS).Methods MDCT data of 20 cases with severe AS were retrospectively analyzed.The changes of the long diameter,short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,as well as diameter derived from area(DA)and diameter derived from circumference(DC)of aortic annulus(AA),left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT)and sinotubular junction(STJ)during early systole,late systole,early diastole and late diastole were measured and calculated,respectively.Results In early systole,the short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,DA and DC of A A were all significantly larger than that those in late systole,early diastole and late diastole(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of the long diameter of AA was found among different phases(all P＞0.05).Meanwhile,the short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,DA and DC of LVOT in early systole were all significantly larger than those in late systole,early diastole and late diastole(all P＜0.05).The long diameter of LVOT in early systole was larger than in late systole(P＜0.05),but not significantly different compared with that in early and late diastole(both P＞0.05).No significant difference of the above parameters of STJ was found among different phases(all P＞0.05).At early systole,DA and the mean diameter of AA were both significantly smaller than those of DC(both P＜0.05).Conclusion AA parameters obtained with MDCT in patients with severe AS were valuable for selecting prosthetic valves during transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the prognostic nutritional index(PNI)and the prevalence of coronary heart disease(CHD)in adults.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database.A total of 12,141 adult participants were initially included and divided into CHD group and control group according to the disease status questionnaire.PNI was calculated using serum albumin level and lymphocyte count.Multivariable logistic regression was applied to explore the association between PNI and the prevalence of CHD in adults.Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess whether this association remained consistent across different populations.A restricted cubic spline model was con-structed to clarify the dose-response relationship between PNI and CHD prevalence in adults.Results:Among the 3,894 adult participants,200(5.14％)had CHD.The PNI level in CHD patients was significantly lower than that of the control group[(49.20±8.59)vs.(51.57±4.80),P＜0.001].Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that,after adjustment for sex,age,race,marital status,body mass index(BMI),hypertension,diabetes and family history of cardiovascular disease,an increase in PNI was still independently associated with a lower prev-alence of CHD(odds ratio[OR]=0.92,95％CI 0.89～0.94,P＜0.001).The dose-response relationship indica-ted a negative linear correlation between PNI and CHD prevalence(P＜0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that the association between PNI and CHD differed significantly across BMI,hypertension and diabetes subgroups(P for in-teraction＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Increasing PNI was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of CHD in adults,and this association was more pronounced in specific high-risk populations,such as those with obe-sity,hypertension,and diabetes.Our findings suggest that maintaining good nutritional status is of great significance in reducing the risk of CHD.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training on neurophysiological indicators,muscle tone and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Eighty SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024 were selected.Patients were divided into the control group(receiving routine acupuncture combined with exercise training,40 cases)and the observation group(receiving acupuncture combined with exercise training at key muscle movement points,40 cases)according to the random number table method.The neurophysiological indicators[motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)],limb function[Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)]and quality of life[Barthel index,functional independence measure(FIM)]were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the MNCV and SNCV of median nerve,ulnar nerve,tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were increased in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were higher FMA scores,Barthel index and FIM scores in the observation group than those of the control group,while the MAS score was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training can effectively improve the neuroelectrophysiological indicators,limb functions and quality of life of SCI patients,which is feasible rehabilitation intervention program.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the prognostic nutritional index(PNI)and the prevalence of coronary heart disease(CHD)in adults.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis was conducted based on the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database.A total of 12,141 adult participants were initially included and divided into CHD group and control group according to the disease status questionnaire.PNI was calculated using serum albumin level and lymphocyte count.Multivariable logistic regression was applied to explore the association between PNI and the prevalence of CHD in adults.Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess whether this association remained consistent across different populations.A restricted cubic spline model was con-structed to clarify the dose-response relationship between PNI and CHD prevalence in adults.Results:Among the 3,894 adult participants,200(5.14％)had CHD.The PNI level in CHD patients was significantly lower than that of the control group[(49.20±8.59)vs.(51.57±4.80),P＜0.001].Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that,after adjustment for sex,age,race,marital status,body mass index(BMI),hypertension,diabetes and family history of cardiovascular disease,an increase in PNI was still independently associated with a lower prev-alence of CHD(odds ratio[OR]=0.92,95％CI 0.89～0.94,P＜0.001).The dose-response relationship indica-ted a negative linear correlation between PNI and CHD prevalence(P＜0.001).Subgroup analysis showed that the association between PNI and CHD differed significantly across BMI,hypertension and diabetes subgroups(P for in-teraction＜0.05 or＜0.01).Conclusion:Increasing PNI was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of CHD in adults,and this association was more pronounced in specific high-risk populations,such as those with obe-sity,hypertension,and diabetes.Our findings suggest that maintaining good nutritional status is of great significance in reducing the risk of CHD.

BACKGROUND:The Twin-block orthodontic appliance is commonly used for the correction of Class Ⅱ malocclusion.Its mechanism of action in stimulating mandibular growth has been confirmed in many studies,but its impact on maxillary growth is not very clear. OBJECTIVE:By establishing a finite element model to analyze the stress distribution of the maxillary complex,surrounding bone sutures,and maxillary dentition in patients with Class Ⅱ malocclusion wearing Twin-block orthodontic appliances. METHODS:One patient with Class Ⅱ malocclusion who underwent orthodontic treatment at Qingdao Hospital/Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Shandong Rehabilitation University was selected.The bite force data of the patient when wearing the Twin-block orthodontic appliance was measured,and CBCT data were collected.A finite element model was established,including the maxillary complex,peripheral sutures,Twin-block orthodontic appliance,and maxillary dentition.ABAQUS software was used to simulate the stress distribution in the maxilla and maxillary dentition when the patient was wearing the Twin-block appliance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The equivalent stress on the maxillary anterior teeth was significantly smaller than that on the posterior teeth,and the maximum equivalent stress on both sides of the teeth were 4.797 5 Mpa and 8.716 1 Mpa,respectively,which were located at the first premolar.The maximum displacements were presented at the maxillary incisors on both sides of the teeth,which were 0.080 5 mm and 0.081 0 mm,respectively.The maximum equivalent stress on the bone suture was 1.284 Mpa,which was mainly concentrated in the pterygopalatine suture and the frontal-maxillary suture on both sides,and there was almost no difference in the force of the rest of bone sutures;the maximum displacement of the bone suture was 0.07 mm,with the pterygopalatine suture having the largest displacement,followed by the frontal-maxillary suture.The maximal equivalent stress on the maxillary complex was 27.18 Mpa,which was mainly concentrated on both sides of the anterior pyriform foramen of the maxilla,around the nasofrontal suture and around the pterygopalatine suture at the posterior part of the jaws.The maximal displacement of the maxilla was 0.07 mm,which was mainly concentrated on the maxillary alveolar bone.All these findings show that the occlusal force acts on the maxillary complex through the Twin-block appliance,resulting in clockwise rotation of the maxilla and steepening of the dentition plane.Measures should be taken to compensate for this tendency,for example,by considering maxillary molar elongation and intrusion in the process of occlusion,which are not only able to flatten the occlusal plane,but facilitate the mandibular protraction,thereby further improving Class Ⅱ malocclusion orthodontic treatment.

Objective To observe the value of multi-detector CT(MDCT)for evaluating changes of aortic root parameters caused by aortic stenosis(AS).Methods MDCT data of 20 cases with severe AS were retrospectively analyzed.The changes of the long diameter,short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,as well as diameter derived from area(DA)and diameter derived from circumference(DC)of aortic annulus(AA),left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT)and sinotubular junction(STJ)during early systole,late systole,early diastole and late diastole were measured and calculated,respectively.Results In early systole,the short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,DA and DC of A A were all significantly larger than that those in late systole,early diastole and late diastole(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of the long diameter of AA was found among different phases(all P＞0.05).Meanwhile,the short diameter,mean diameter,area,circumference,DA and DC of LVOT in early systole were all significantly larger than those in late systole,early diastole and late diastole(all P＜0.05).The long diameter of LVOT in early systole was larger than in late systole(P＜0.05),but not significantly different compared with that in early and late diastole(both P＞0.05).No significant difference of the above parameters of STJ was found among different phases(all P＞0.05).At early systole,DA and the mean diameter of AA were both significantly smaller than those of DC(both P＜0.05).Conclusion AA parameters obtained with MDCT in patients with severe AS were valuable for selecting prosthetic valves during transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

As space stations steadily progress into the application and development stage,astronauts will be regularly rotated for space missions,and the impact of the space environment on human health will become an important research topic.Under microgravity,astronauts lose 1%～2%bone mass per month.Astronauts'health phenotype,as well as animal experiments conducted in space,have shown that microgravity leads to significant loss of weight-bearing bone and reduction of ultimate loading in bones.Due to the limited conditions,it is not easy to conduct experiments in space,so various animal models have been used for simulated microgravity experiments to study the mechanisms of bone loss.This review summarizes many studies on osteoporosis under space microgravity and simulated microgravity on the ground,describing different types of bone loss and underlying molecular mechanisms caused by microgravity,as well as the similarities and differences of current conclusions.In addition,this review summarizes the effects of non-bone tissues such as muscles on bone loss under microgravity,and the current measures adopted in the space station to prevent osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training on neurophysiological indicators,muscle tone and quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods Eighty SCI patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from September 2022 to June 2024 were selected.Patients were divided into the control group(receiving routine acupuncture combined with exercise training,40 cases)and the observation group(receiving acupuncture combined with exercise training at key muscle movement points,40 cases)according to the random number table method.The neurophysiological indicators[motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV),sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)],limb function[Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS)]and quality of life[Barthel index,functional independence measure(FIM)]were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the MNCV and SNCV of median nerve,ulnar nerve,tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve were increased in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After intervention,there were higher FMA scores,Barthel index and FIM scores in the observation group than those of the control group,while the MAS score was lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at key muscle movement points combined with exercise training can effectively improve the neuroelectrophysiological indicators,limb functions and quality of life of SCI patients,which is feasible rehabilitation intervention program.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of ultrasound and CT three-dimensional reconstruction in open reduction and internal fixation of fractured ribs.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 112 patients with chest trauma and rib fractures admitted to Yan′an People′s Hospital from January 2021 to September 2023. According to the different preoperative positioning methods used, the reconstruction group was divided into a reconstruction group ( n=61) and a combined group ( n=51). The reconstruction group positioned the surgical incision position based on conventional CT three-dimensional reconstruction, while the combined group positioned the rib fracture end based on CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with ultrasound. Record clinical data of two groups of patients and compare their preoperative positioning accuracy, average incision length, exposure time of fracture ends, fracture healing time, incision infection rate, surgical related indicators, visual analogue pain score (VAS) at one month after surgery, and surgical incision healing levels. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and t-test was used for inter group comparison; Comparison of count data between groups using chi-square test; The comparison of grade data were conducted using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The preoperative localization accuracy, postoperative VAS at one month, and surgical incision healing grade A of the combined group patients were 94.4%, (2.26±0.48) points, 96.1%, respectively, the reconstruction group were 84.1%, (4.52±1.34) points, 72.1%, the combined group was better than the reconstructed group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05); The average incision length, fracture exposure time, fracture healing time, surgical time, and thoracic tube retention time of the combined group were (7.32±2.44) cm, (18.06±4.78) min, (48.16±4.58) d, (55.46±7.48) min, and (3.57±1.28) min, respectively. The reconstruction group were (10.16±2.86) cm, (29.45±5.65) min, (55.36±4.45) d, (64.36±7.52) min, and (7.49±1.52) min, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Application of ultrasound combined with CT three-dimensional reconstruction in open reduction and internal fixation of fractured ribs can increase the preoperative positioning accuracy, which can guide the surgical incision, thus alleviating postoperative pain, facilitating postoperative healing, minimizing surgical trauma, and improving the patient′s prognosis.