Objective: To understand the hydration status and related factors of rural boarding primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for drinking water health intervention for primary school students. Methods: In November 2023, a convenience sampling approach was employed to conduct a hydration status survey among 144 boarding students in grades 5 and 6 of a rural primary school in Guangxi. The Duplicate meal method and weighing method were utilized to measure the food derived water intake over three consecutive days. Urine osmolarity of students was measured on site for three days, and a simple physical examination was also carried out. A self administered questionnaire was used to investigate students drinking water literacy, daily water intake, and physical activity levels. Meanwhile, a drinking water literacy survey was conducted among 21 substitute teachers and 144 parents of the boarding students in grades 5 and 6. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with students hydration status. Results: The median daily total water intake of students was 2 043.55 mL, and 54.86% of the students did not reach the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). The median food derived water intake was 1 149.24 mL, accounting for 53.94% of the total water intake. Univariate analysis revealed that the daily drinking frequency, daily water intake, and food derived water intake of students were related factors of hydration status ( β =-1.60, -1.01, -0.00, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that primary school students with a daily drinking frequency of ≥7 times were more likely to maintain an adequate hydration status ( OR =0.28, 95% CI =0.09-0.93, P ＜0.05). Conclusions The water intake from food is the main source of water in the body for boarding primary school students in a certain rural school in Guangxi. Primary school students should increase their water intake frequency appropriately to maintain an adequate hydration status.

Atherosclerosis （AS） is a vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries. It serves as the pathological basis for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and is associated with a relatively high incidence of complications and mortality worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of AS， demonstrating unique therapeutic advantages through multiple targets and pathways. Ligusticum chuanxiong， a commonly used Chinese medicine in clinical practice， contains key active components against AS， including ligustrazine， senkyunolide， ligustilide， quercetin， ferulic acid， vanillic acid， chlorogenic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， caffeic acid， chrysophanol， and β-sitosterol. Recent literature indicates that these active components can regulate AS through multiple mechanisms， including improving endothelial cell dysfunction， alleviating lipid metabolism disorders， inhibiting macrophage foam cell formation， suppressing the invasion， proliferation， and migration of smooth muscle cells， inhibiting apoptosis， exerting anticoagulant effects and inhibiting platelet activation， protecting mitochondrial function， and modulating intestinal flora and its metabolites， demonstrating significant pharmacological activity and clinical potential. Clinically， L. chuanxiong is often combined with Salvia miltiorrhiza， Paeonia lactiflora， Angelica sinensis， and borneol to form compound formulations， enhancing therapeutic effects and achieving synergistic anti-AS activity. Compound treatment with L. chuanxiong primarily focuses on promoting blood circulation and shows significant efficacy for different AS syndrome types. This article provides an in-depth review of the active components， drug pairs， and compound preparations of L. chuanxiong in the prevention and treatment of AS， aiming to lay a foundation for subsequent theoretical research and clinical applications in managing AS and its related complications.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects and safety of the optimized new Shengmai Powder （优化新生脉散方） on exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure （CHF） of qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled trial was conducted. A total of 78 CHF patients with qi deficiency， blood stasis， and fluid retention syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to a treatment group （39 cases） and a control group （39 cases）. On the basis of conventional western medical therapy， patients in the treatment group additionally received the optimized new Shengmai Powder granules， while the control group was given an oral placebo of optimized new Shengmai Powder granules. Patients in both groups took 30.6 g each time， twice a day， mixed with water for administration， with a total treatment course of 4 weeks. The primary outcomes were 6-minute walk distance （6MWD） and peak oxygen uptake （Peak VO₂） measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Secondary outcomes included New York Heart Association （NYHA） functional classification， B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） levels， cardiac function indexes including left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， left ventri-cular end-systolic diameter （LVESD） and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire （MLHFQ） scores， and scores of four diagnostic information of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. All indicators were assessed once before and after treatment respectively. Safety indicators were evaluated， and adverse events during the trial were recorded. ResultsAll patients in both groups were included in the full ana-lysis set （FAS） and safety set （SS）. Compared with baseline， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test in the treatment group significantly increased after treatment， while the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information significantly decreased， and the NYHA cardiac function grade significantly improved （P＜0.01）. After treatment， the 6MWD and Peak VO₂ of cardiopulmonary exercise test， as well as their changes from baseline in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group； the MLHFQ scores， serum BNP levels and scores of TCM four diagnostic information in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group； and the improvement of NYHA cardiac function grade in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant differences in all indicators after treatment in the control group （P＞0.05）. The incidence of adverse events was 5.1% （2/39） in the treatment group and 2.6% （1/39） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional western medicine treatment， the addition of the optimized new Shengmai Powder can further improve exercise tolerance， cardiac function and quality of life in patients with CHF of qi deficiency， blood stasis and fluid retention syndrome， and show good safety.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Epimedium multiflorum T. S. Ying. Methods The ethanol extract of E. multiflorum was separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography, and semi-preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and comparison with literature data. Results Ten compounds were isolated and purified, which structures were identified as baohuoside Ⅱ（1），2′′-O-rhamnosyl-icariside Ⅱ（2）, icariin（3）, epimedoside A（4）, ikarisoside B（5）, epimedin C（6）, baohuoside Ⅴ（7）, epimedin A（8）, epimedin B（9）, and ikarisoside C（10）. Conclusion All the isolated flavonoid compounds were obtained from E. multiflorum for the first time.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by marked biological heterogeneity, and molecular classification is essential for therapeutic decision-making and prognostic stratification. With the advancement of precision oncology, genotype-directed targeted therapy has emerged as a critical element in the management of AML. Although KMT2A rearrangements and NPM1 mutations arise from distinct molecular events, both converge on aberrant activation of the HOX/MEIS1 transcriptional program, thereby sustaining the self-renewal of leukemic stem/progenitor cells and impairing myeloid differentiation to promote leukemogenesis and disease progression. Menin, encoded by the tumor suppressor gene MEN1, functions as a nuclear scaffold protein and serves as an essential mediator for the assembly of KMT2A fusion-driven transcriptional complexes, recruitment of cooperative cofactors, and stabilization of oncogenic transcriptional networks. The disruption of the Menin-KMT2A interaction represents a mechanistically grounded therapeutic strategy. In recent years, multiple Menin inhibitors have progressed to clinical development and exhibited clinically significant activity in AML subsets with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations. This review summarizes current progress in the research and clinical application of Menin inhibitors in AML, focusing on pharmacological mechanisms, efficacy and safety profiles derived from clinical studies, and emerging resistance mechanisms, including recurrent MEN1 hotspot mutations and epigenetic/transcriptional reprogramming. We further discuss rational combination approaches and directions for the development of next-generation agents, aiming to enhance clinical practice and guide future research.

Objective To systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of different surgical procedures for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). Methods Computer searches were conducted in CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, with the search time limit from the inception of the databases to February 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, used the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies, and used Stata 17.0 software to analyze the data. Results A total of 19 randomized controlled trials involving 6139 patients were finally included, involving six surgical procedures, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the 30-day all-cause mortality rate of mitral valve repair (MVr) was significantly lower than that of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) [OR=0.24, 95%CI (0.07, 0.87), P<0.01], mitral valve replacement (MVR) [OR=0.43, 95%CI (0.23, 0.79), P=0.02], CABG+MVR [OR=0.21, 95%CI (0.04, 0.95), P=0.03] and transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair (TEER) using MitraClip [OR=0.13, 95%CI (0.02, 0.87), P<0.01]. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate of CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that of CABG [OR=0.56, 95%CI (0.33, 0.93), P=0.02] and CABG+MVR [OR=0.48, 95%CI (0.24, 0.94), P=0.04], and the best probability ranking results showed that MVR might be the most effective in reducing the 30-day all-cause mortality rate. The incidence of renal complications in CABG+MVr was significantly lower than that in CABG+MVR [OR=0.42, 95%CI (0.21, 0.83), P=0.01]; the best probability ranking results showed that CABG+MVr might be the most effective in reducing renal complications. Conclusion The current limited evidence suggests that CABG+MVr and MVr may be the best surgical intervention methods for IMR patients at present. Due to the limitations of the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality studies.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between noninvasive liver fibrosis markers and carotid plaque （CP） in patients with lean metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD）， and to provide a basis for screening high-risk populations. MethodsA total of 957 patients with lean MAFLD who underwent physical examination in Subei People’s Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023 was enrolled as the observation cohort， with the presence or absence of CP as the outcome， and fibrosis-4 （FIB-4） index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score （NFS） were used to assess liver fibrosis degree. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis， the restricted cubic spline analysis， the receiver operating characteristic curve， and the mediation effect analysis were used to investigate the association between liver fibrosis degree and CP. ResultsThe prevalence rate of CP was 36.6% in the lean MAFLD population. Compared with the non-CP group（n=607）， the CP group （n=350） had a significantly higher proportion of male patients， a significantly higher proportion of patients with smoking/diabetes/hypertension， and significantly higher levels of age， creatinine， blood urea nitrogen， triglycerides， fasting blood glucose， aspartate aminotransferase， aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio， NFS， and FIB-4 index， as well as significantly lower levels of platelet count and albumin （all P<0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factors， FIB-4 index （odds ratio［OR］=2.979， 95% confidence interval［CI］：2.141 — 4.219， P<0.001） and NFS （OR=1.747， 95%CI： 1.499 — 2.046， P<0.001） were positively correlated with CP. Both FIB-4 index and NFS had a good value in predicting CP. Hypertension had a significant indirect effect on the prevalence rate of CP through its impact on liver fibrosis markers， and its mediating effect accounted for 39.5% — 40.8% of the total effect （P<0.001）. ConclusionIn patients with lean MAFLD， NFS and FIB-4 index are significantly positively correlated with the prevalence rate of CP， and they can be used as potential epidemiological predictive indicators. Liver fibrosis markers may play a mediating role in the association between hypertension and CP. Interventions targeting hypertension and liver fibrosis markers may help to prevent and delay the progression of CP.

Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of comprehensive health management interventions for stroke high-risk population screening on the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke, and to provide reference and basis for improving and exploring health management and prevention strategies for stroke high-risk population. Methods From 2018 to 2022, 13 community health service centers in Jiading District, Shanghai were selected in the present study. Based on information push platform, stroke risk assessment and health intervention follow-up were conducted for community residents through convenience sampling. The residents were divided into a full course intervention group (intervention group) and a routine intervention group (control group) according to different health intervention measures and forms. The incidence of ischemic stroke in the two groups of survey subjects was tracked within 36 months. Results A total of 52144 subjects were included in the study. The total number of patients in the full course intervention group was 14227, with an incidence density of 577.32/100 000 (556.49/100 000-598.12/100 000), which was lower than that of the conventional intervention group (37 917), with an incidence density of 1 485.47/100 000 (1 464.99/100 000-1 505.94/100 000) (χ²=2490.212, P<0.001). The relative risk of the full course intervention group was 0.39, and the relative risk of stroke risk factors in the full course intervention group from low to high was 0.33, 0.43, 0.45, and 0.49, respectively. The incidence density of males in the full course intervention group was 660.76 (627.46/100 000 - 694.05/100 000), with a relative risk of 0.43, and the incidence density of female patients was 509.71/100 000 (483.37/100 000 - 536.05/100 000), with a relative risk of 0.35. The overall incidence density of the population under 62 years old gourp, 62-75 years old group and over 75 years old group was 197.45/100 000 (173.09/100 000 -221.80/100 000), 608.36/100 000 (580.19/100 000-636.54/100 000), and 1 025.06/100 000 (958.51/100 000-1 091.61/100 000), with relative risks of 0.51, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively. Conclusion Comprehensive health management measures can effectively reduce the short-term risk of ischemic stroke, and should be further promoted and improved to enhance the effectiveness of stroke prevention and control.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to explore the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity and potential mechanism of Kangfuxin liquid （KFX liquid）， providing experimental evidence for the anti-psoriasis effect of KFX liquid. MethodsFirstly， the uninduced human immortalized keratinocyte cells （HaCaT cells） were divided into seven groups， namely the control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effect of KFX liquid on the normal cell proliferation was detected by using the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method. Secondly， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group and recombinant human interleukin-7A （rh-IL-7A） groups with different doses （5， 10， 50， 100， 120 g·L^-1）. After being treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interleukin-17A （rh IL-17A） liquid， the effect of rh IL-17A on cell proliferation was detected. The optimal induction concentration was screened. Then， normal HaCaT cells were divided into a control group and KFX liquid groups with different doses （5， 10， 20， 40， 80， 160 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups established psoriasis cell models with the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A. After being treated with different concentrations of KFX liquid， the effects of KFX liquid on the psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation were investigated. Finally， the uninduced HaCaT cells were divided into six groups， namely the control group， rh IL-17A group， methotrexate （MTX） group， and KFX liquid groups with different doses （20， 40， 80 g·L^-1）. Except for the control group， the other groups used the optimal induction concentration of rh IL-17A to establish psoriasis cell models. After being treated with different drugs， the cell migration levels were detected through scratch assays， and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki-67 antigen （Ki67）， S100 calcium-binding protein A7 （S100A7）， S100 calcium-binding protein A8 （S100A8）， and S100 calcium-binding protein A9 （S100A9）， thereby comprehensively evaluating the in vitro anti-psoriasis activity of KFX liquid. By detecting the relative mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and chemokine-20 （CXCL-20） inflammatory-related factors in psoriasis-like HaCaT cells and the protein expression levels of Janus kinase 3 （JAK3）， phosphorylated Janus kinase 3 （p-JAK3）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）， and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （p-STAT3）， the mechanism was explored. ResultsCompared with that of control group， when treated with 80 g·L^-1 KFX liquid for 72 h （P<0.05） and at different times with 160 g·L^-1 KFX liquid， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly affected （P<0.01）， while the other concentrations of KFX liquid had no significant differences in cell morphology and cell proliferation activity at different times， indicating that the KFX liquid is relatively safe for HaCaT cells and has no obvious toxic side effects. Compared with that of control group， when treated with different concentrations of rh IL-17A for 24 h， the HaCaT cell proliferation activity was significantly enhanced， and the cell activity was the strongest when the concentration was 100 μg·L^-1 （P<0.05）， with a density close to 100% and intact cell morphology， indicating that 100 μg·L^-1 is the optimal concentration for inducing HaCaT cell proliferation. The results of the KFX liquid treatment on rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells show that the KFX liquid not only effectively inhibits the rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation activity （P<0.01）， but also significantly reduces the migration ability of rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cells （P<0.01）， and the relative mRNA expression levels of Ki67， S100A7， S100A8， and S100A9 （P<0.01）. Moreover， the KFX liquid can significantly reduce the relative mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and CXCL-20 in rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like cells （P<0.01）， and significantly inhibit the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe KFX liquid has no obvious toxicity to uninduced HaCaT cells. It can inhibit rh IL-17A-induced psoriasis-like HaCaT cell proliferation， reduce the cell migration ability， and has good in vitro anti-psoriasis activity. Its action mechanism may be related to downregulating the expression levels of inflammation-related cytokines in the JAK3/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation levels of JAK3 and STAT3 proteins.