ObjectiveAs a second messenger in intracellular signal transduction, Ca²⁺ plays an important role in cell migration. Previous studies have demonstrated that extracellular Ca²⁺ influx can promote electric field-guided cell migration, known as electrotaxis. However, the effect of intracellular Ca²⁺ flow on electrotaxis is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the effect of Ca²⁺ flux on the electrotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum. MethodsThe electrotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum was investigated by applying a direct current (DC) electric field. Cell migration was recorded using a real-time imaging system. Calcium channel inhibitors, the extracellular Ca²⁺ chelator EGTA, Ca²⁺-free DB buffer, and caffeine were applied to investigate the impact of intra- and extracellular Ca²⁺ flow on electrotaxis. The involvement of G proteins and ERK2 in directed cell migration mediated by endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release was explored using mutants. ResultsDictyostelium discoideum migrated toward the cathode in the electric field in a voltage-dependent manner. The intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration of the cells was significantly increased in the electric field. Inhibition of both extracellular Ca²⁺ influx and intracellular Ca²⁺ release suppressed cell electrotaxis migration. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ release induced by caffeine significantly impaired the electrotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum. Deletion of Gα2, Gβ, Gγ, and Erk2 notably reduced the electrotaxis of the cells. Enhancing Ca²⁺ release mediated by caffeine restored the electrotaxis of the Gα2^-, Gβ ^-, and Erk2^- mutant cells partially or completely, but did not restore electrotaxis in the Gγ^- mutant cells. ConclusionCa²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum regulates electrotaxis migration in Dictyostelium discoideum and is involved in the regulation of cell electrotaxis by G proteins and ERK2.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of semaglutide(Sem)capsules in type 2 diabetic model rats.METHODS Male SD rats were divided into the normal control group,type 2 diabetic model group and model+Sem capsules(0.839,1.678 and 2.517 mg·kg-1)groups.A type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high sugar and high fat diet feeding combined with ip given streptozotocin(STZ)injection.Seven days after modeling,the model+Sem capsules group was ig given Sem capsules at the corresponding dose in a fasting state,once a day,for 14 d.Body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels were regularly mea-sured in each group of rats.Plasma from rats in the model+Sem capsules 0.839,1.678 and 2.517 mg·kg-1 groups at different time points was collected at the end of the continuous administration of Sem capsules,and the content of Sem in the plasma of rats was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Concentration-time curves were plotted,and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted by the WinNonlin non-atrial model method.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the body mass of rats in model+Sem capsules dosing groups decreased significantly after 7 and 14 d of Sem capsules intervention(P<0.05,P<0.01),so did FBG(P<0.01)and the HbA1c level(P<0.01).Meanwhile,FBG and HbA1c levels of rats in model+Sem capsules 1.678 and 2.517 mg·kg-1 groups were not significantly different from those of the normal control group after 14 d of Sem capsules intervention,suggesting that FBG and HbA1c levels were basically restored to normal.Phar-macokinetic results showed that the elimination half-life(t1/2)of Sem in plasma after ig administration of Sem capsules 0.839,1.678,and 2.517 mg·kg-1 for 14 d in rats was 7.40±1.34,7.48±0.33 and(8.23±0.90)h,respectively,the peak concentration(Cmax)was 18±9,81±23 and(256±53)μg·L-1,time to peak(Tmax)was 0.06±0.13,1.56±0.88,(1.50±1.00)h,respectively,the area under the curve(AUC0-t)was 158±76 μg·h·L-1,858±310 and(3795±1539)μg·h·L-1,and the accumulation index was 1.12±0.05,1.12±0.01 and 1.15±0.04,respectively.CONCLUSION Sem capsules ig administrated can effectively reduce body mass,FBG and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic model rats,and lead to glucose reduction and by mass loss.After 14 d of continuous administration of Sem capsules,there is no accu-mulation of semaglutide in rats in the dose range of 0.839-2.517 mg·kg-1,and the exposure increases with the dose.

Objective:To investigate the causal correlation between depression and stress urinary incontinence(SUI)using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:We searched the FinnGen Consortium database for genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on depression and obtained 23 424 case samples and 192 220 control samples,with the GWAS data on SUI provided by the UK Biobank,including 4 340 case samples and 458 670 control samples.We investigated the correlation between depression and SUI based on the depression data collected from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC).We employed inverse-variance weighting as the main method for the MR study,and performed sensitivity analysis to verify the accuracy and stability of the findings.Results:Analysis of the data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Consortium showed that depression was significantly correlated with an increased risk of SUI(P=0.005),but not SUI with the risk of depression(P=0.927).And analysis of the PGC data verified the correlation of depression with the increased risk of SUI(P=0.043).Conclusion:Depression is associated with an increased risk of SUI,while SUI does not increase the risk of depression.

Objective:To summarize the single-center experience of serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) in children with intestinal failure.Methods:The clinical data of 13 children who underwent STEP surgery at our department from Jan 2016 to Dec 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Eight children were females ,5 were males. There were 10 premature infants and 3 full-term infants. The gestational age was 26 +3-39 +5 weeks, and the birth weight was 860 -3 700 g. The median age of surgery was 12 months, the median length of small intestine was 70 (50-130) cm, the diameter of preoperative intestinal dilation was about 4.5 to 7.5 cm, and the operation interval was 2.5 to 3.0 cm. Continuous transverse enteroenteroplasty resulted in an average increase of 75% (66% to 100%) in the length of the dilated intestinal segment. The total length of the small intestine increases by 16.0% (12.5%-30.0%). After the operation, 12 of the 13 children (92.3%) were removed from parenteral nutrition to achieve intestinal adaptation of the remaining bowel, and the mean time of withdrawal from parenteral nutrition was 138(20-1 011) days after the operation. Intestinal dilatation occurred in 2 patients, and gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 4 patients, which healed after conservative treatment. Conclusions:STEP operation is suitable for children with short intestinal length and obvious expansion of intestinal tube. STEP can not only reduce the diameter of the enlarged intestine, but also extend the length of the intestine, increase the feeding tolerance, improve the clinical effect of enteral nutrition, and shorten the time for children to achieve intestinal adaptation.

Objective To design lower limb motor detection system based on the computer vision and human key point detection neural network model to realize non-contact measurement of the lower limb motor.Methods Firstly,a motion data acquisition platform was built to acquire the lower limb motor images,and to extract the 2D image coordinates of the key points of the lower limb in each frame based on the OpenPose neural network model.Secondly,the spatial coordinates of the key points were determined based on the computer vision algorithm with the position information of the visual sensors in the motion data acquisition platform,so as to analyze the lower limb motor in three-dimensional space.Finally,the data compu-tation of the system in case of different motion speeds was discussed with cycling as an example and the motion data simulta-neously collected by the motion capture system as references.Results The Pearson's correlation coefficients of the data computed by the system and the data obtained by the motion capture system were 0.950,0.917,and 0.828 at cycling speeds of 0.8,1.3,and 2.1 m/s,respectively,which were all within the strong correlation range.Conclusion The system developed indicates the lower limb motor,and thus can be used for the lower limb motion detection.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(2):22-27]

Objective To explore the effect of collaborative mode of adopting infection prevention and control(IPC)and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)by medical institutions on reducing bacterial resistance.Methods Healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management and antimicrobial-related indicators,as well as multidrug-resis-tant organism(MDRO)detection rates of all hospitalized patients in a hospital from January 1,2015 to December 31,2022 were collected.The effectiveness of collaborative mode of IPC and AMS was evaluated.Results Compared with 2015-2016,the incidence of MDRO HAI in 2021-2022 decreased from 0.22％to 0.16％(P＜0.05),anti-microbial use density in hospitalized patients decreased from 48.48 to 42.17,antimicrobial use rate decreased from 49.45％to 45.21％(P＜0.05).The use rate of prophylactic antimicrobial agents in class Ⅰ incision surgery de-creased from 48.62％to 33.13％(P＜0.05).Compared with 2017-2018,pathogen detection rate before antimi-crobial therapy increased from 60.73％to 72.18％in 2021-2022(P＜0.05).Compared with 2015-2016,except the detection rate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis slightly increased in 2021-2022,detection rates of other common MDRO decreased,especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,carbapenem-resistant Acine-tobacter baumannii,carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Kleb-siella pneumoniae,broad-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli,differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The collaborative mode of IPC and AMS can effectively promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents,decrease the occurrence and transmission of MDRO,and decrease bacterial resistance.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.