In view of the few studies on the influence of Armillaria spp. infection on the content of the chemical components in different parts of Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia, this study determined the biomass of P. umbellatus sclerotia and the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia and the uninfected part of the sclerotia in different harvesting years under the conditions of A. gallica and A. mellea infection respectively. According to the difference of content and dynamic changes of the polysaccharide and the steroid substances, the superior Armillaria sp. was screened to obtain the best harvest years of P. umbellatus. Using HPLC and UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the contents of ergosterol, polyporusterone A, polyporusterone B and polysaccharide in P. umbellatus sclerotia infected by the two Armillaria spp. in different years were determined. In addition, the differentially expressed genes related to P. umbellatus polysaccharide synthesis were screened according to the transcriptomic data of different parts of P. umbellatus after A. mellea infection. With the increase of years, the biomass of sclerotia infected by different Armillaria spp. had significant differences, and there were significant differences in the four components of sclerotia. The four components of the separated cavity wall of the sclerotia were significantly higher than those of the uninfected part. The best harvest time was the third year after cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the infection of Armillaria spp. could significantly promote polysaccharide synthesis, which provided a basis for polysaccharide content determination at the molecular level. The study clarified the influence of different Armillaria spp. infection on the accumulation of chemical components of P. umbellatus sclerotia, laying a foundation for exploring the symbiosis mechanism and provided a scientific clue for screening superior Armillaria sp. and guiding the artificial cultivation of P. umbellatus sclerotia.

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzyme for cellular energy homeostasis and improves metabolic disorders. Brown and beige adipose tissues exert thermogenesis capacities to dissipate energy in the form of heat. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in menopausal obesity and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Female Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) and divided into four groups: Sham (n=8), Ovx (n=11), Ovx+ALA2 (n=10), and Ovx+ALA3 (n=6) (ALA 200 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively; gavage) for 8 weeks. 3T3-L1 cells were used for in vitro study. Results: Rats receiving ALA2 and ALA3 treatment showed significantly lower levels of body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) mass than those of the Ovx group. ALA improved plasma lipid profiles including triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Hematoxylin & eosin staining of inguinal WAT showed that ALA treatment reduced Ovx-induced adipocyte size and enhanced uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Moreover, plasma levels of irisin were markedly increased in ALA-treated Ovx rats. Protein expression of brown fat-specific markers including UCP1, PRDM16, and CIDEA was downregulated by Ovx but markedly increased by ALA. Phosphorylation of AMPK, its downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and its upstream LKB1 were all significantly increased by ALA treatment. In 3T3-L1 cells, administration of ALA (100 and 250 μM) reduced lipid accumulation and enhanced oxygen consumption and UCP1 protein expression, while inhibition of AMPK by dorsomorphin (5 μM) significantly reversed these effects. Conclusion ALA improves estrogen deficiency-induced obesity via browning of WAT through AMPK signaling.

AIM To study the secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungi Candida sp.of Berberis atrocarpa Schneid.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction and petroleum ether fraction from the secondary metabolites of Candida sp.fermentation extract were separated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative liquid chromatography,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol(1),4-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol(2),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(3),4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(4),3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid(5),3-methylsulfinyl propionic acid(6),phenylacetic acid(7),(S)-N-nitroso-1-amino-p-hydroxy phenylethanol(8),2-phenylacetamide(9),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(10),ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(11),dibutyl phthalate(12),5,5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,2'-diol(13),3-indolealdehyde(14),N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine(15),9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid(16),9-hydroxy-10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid(17),(6E)-5-methylene-6-tetradecenoic acid(18).CONCLUSION Compounds 1,3-8 and 10-18 are isolated from Candida sp for the first time.

The determinations of the operation mode and basic performance conformity for evaluating the electromagnetic compatibility of brain-computer interface rehabilitation robots were described based on relevant standards of the electromag-netic compatibility of medical electrical equipment.The performance deviations and their causes during the electromagnetic compatibility evaluation of brain-computer interface rehabilitation robots were analyzed with case studies,and some improve-ment suggestions were proposed accordingly.Technical references were provided for the manufacturers of brain-computer interface rehabilitation robots.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(9):84-88]

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of small for gestational age(SGA)at different degrees and provide a basis for early identification of severe SGA cases.Methods Neonatal and maternal prenatal information were retrospectively collected from January 2018 to December 2022 at Peking University People's Hospital.The neonates were divided into three groups:severe SGA group(birth weight below the 3rd percentile for gestational age and sex),mild SGA group(birth weight ≥3rd percentile and＜10th percentile),and non-SGA group(birth weight ≥10th percentile).An ordered multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of SGA at different degrees.Results A total of 14 821 neonates were included,including 258 cases(1.74％)in the severe SGA group,902 cases(6.09％)in the mild SGA group,and 13 661 cases(92.17％)in the non-SGA group.The proportions of preterm births and stillbirths were higher in the severe SGA group compared to the mild SGA and non-SGA groups(P＜0.0125).The proportion of neonatal asphyxia was higher in both the severe SGA and mild SGA groups compared to the non-SGA group(P＜0.0125).Ordered multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that maternal pre-pregnancy underweight(OR=1.838),maternal pre-pregnancy obesity(OR=3.024),in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(OR=2.649),preeclampsia(OR=1.743),connective tissue disease during pregnancy(OR=1.795),nuchal cord(OR=1.213),oligohydramnios(OR=1.848),and intrauterine growth restriction(OR=27.691)were all associated with a higher risk of severe SGA(P＜0.05).Maternal parity as a multipara(OR=0.457)was associated with a lower likelihood of severe SGA(P＜0.05).Conclusions Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight,maternal pre-pregnancy obesity,in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,preeclampsia,connective tissue disease during pregnancy,oligohydramnios,nuchal cord,and intrauterine growth restriction are closely related to the occurrence of more severe SGA.Maternal parity as a multipara acts as a protective factor against the occurrence of severe SGA.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(3):262-268]

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective To investigate the level of deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rhipicephalus microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and to examine the correlation between deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rh. microplus. Methods Rh. microplus was sampled from multiple yellow cattle farms in Huaihua City, Hunan Province from June to September 2022, and the level of resistance to deltamethrin was determined in ticks using the adult immersion test. The sodium iron channel domain III gene was amplified in deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus using PCR assay. Following sequencing and sequence alignment, mutation sites were detected in bases. The sodium iron channel domain III gene in Rh. microplus was translated, and the signal peptide, transmembrane domain, and phosphorylation and glycosylation sites were detected in amino acid sequences. The tertiary structures of the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus were deduced and compared, and the association be tween mutation sites in bases and resistance to deltamethrin was examined in Rh. microplus according the level of deltamethrin resistance, sequence alignment and protein tertiary structure. Results The median (LC₅₀) and 95% lethal concentrations (LC₉₅) of deltamethrin were 121.39 mg/L and 952.61 mg/L against Rh. microplus, with a resistance factor of 9.24 and level II resistance. The sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene was 1 010 bp in size, and mutation sites were detected in two neighboring bases in the sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus. Although no signal peptides were found in the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant or wild-type Rh. microplus, 6 trans-membrane domains, 42 phosphorylation sites and 8 glycosylation sites were identified, with a significant difference in the tertiary structure of the sodium iron channel domain III protein between deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus. Conclusions Level II resistance to deltamethrin is detected in Rh. microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and two mutation sites that correlate with the emergence of deltamethrin resistance are identified in the sequence of the sodium iron channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus.

Based on the strategy of metabolomics combined with bioinformatics, this study analyzed the potential allergens and mechanism of pseudo-allergic reactions (PARs) induced by the combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. All animal experiments and welfare are in accordance with the requirements of the First Affiliated Experimental Animal Ethics and Animal Welfare Committee of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: YFYDW2020002). Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology combined with UNIFI software, a total of 21 compounds were identified in Reduning and penicillin G mixed injection. Based on molecular docking technology, 10 potential allergens with strong binding activity to MrgprX2 agonist sites were further screened. Metabolomics analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology revealed that 34 differential metabolites such as arachidonic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes were endogenous differential metabolites of PARs caused by combined use of Reduning injection and penicillin G injection. Through the analysis of the "potential allergen-target-endogenous differential metabolite" interaction network, the chlorogenic acids (such as chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and isochlorogenic acid A) and β-lactam allergens in the combination of the two may be mainly regulated by PLD1, PLA2G12A and CYP1A1. The three upstream signal target proteins mainly activate the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, promote the degranulation of mast cells, release downstream endogenous inflammatory mediators, and induce PARs.

Objective To determine the correlation and agreement of sacral ratio(SR)measured by lateral and anteroposterior radiographs in patients with anorectal malformation(ARM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs images of the sacral vertebrae of patients with ARM.All SR values were measured by three radiologists.Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to assess the correlation between the SR measured by lateral and anteroposterior radiographs.A weighted Kappa statistic was used to measure the agreement between how the anteroposterior and lateral SR categorized observations into risk groups.Results Of the 385 ARM patients,25 patients whose radiographs image quality was insufficient to calculate SR value were excluded.For a given pair of measurements,the mean lateral SR value was 0.08 units greater than the anteroposterior SR value[95%confidence interval(CI)0.06-0.09,P<0.01].Anteroposterior and lateral images had a moderate positive correlation(r=0.79,95%CI 0.73-0.79,P<0.01)and moderate agreement in risk categorization(Kappa=0.62,P<0.01).Anteroposterior and lateral readings conducted by all three radiologists had excellent inter-rater reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)for anteroposterior and lateral SR of 0.88 and 0.84,respectively.Conclusion Even though the anteroposterior and lateral SR values have moderate positive correlation,the mean SR value determined by images in the lateral is 0.08 units greater than the anteroposterior.Anteroposterior and lateral SR value conclude different risk categories relatively often.The SR values measured by lateral sacral radiographs are more clinically significant than those measured by anteroposterior radiographs.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.