Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children that significantly affects academic performance and quality of life. At present, diagnosis mainly relies on standardized tests and professional evaluations, a process that is complex and time-consuming. Multiple studies have shown that machine learning can analyze diverse data, including test scores, handwriting samples, eye movement data, neuroimaging data, and genetic data, to automatically learn the relationships between input features and output labels and achieve efficient prediction. It shows great potential for early screening, auxiliary diagnosis, and research on underlying mechanisms in SLD. This article reviews the applications of machine learning in the auxiliary diagnosis of SLD and discusses its performance when handling different data types.
Humans ; Machine Learning ; Specific Learning Disorder/diagnosis* ; Child

Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications* ; Biomarkers ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/etiology* ; Prognosis

BACKGROUNDDespite the rapid growth in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China, there is limited information about patients' experiences after AMI hospitalization, especially on long-term adverse events and patient-reported outcomes (PROs).

METHODSThe China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE)-Prospective AMI Study will enroll 4000 consecutive AMI patients from 53 diverse hospitals across China and follow them longitudinally for 12 months to document their treatment, recovery, and outcomes. Details of patients' medical history, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes are abstracted from medical charts. Comprehensive baseline interviews are being conducted to characterize patient demographics, risk factors, presentation, and healthcare utilization. As part of these interviews, validated instruments are administered to measure PROs, including quality of life, symptoms, mood, cognition, and sexual activity. Follow-up interviews, measuring PROs, medication adherence, risk factor control, and collecting hospitalization events are conducted at 1, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Supporting documents for potential outcomes are collected for adjudication by clinicians at the National Coordinating Center. Blood and urine samples are also obtained at baseline, 1- and 12-month follow-up. In addition, we are conducting a survey of participating hospitals to characterize their organizational characteristics.

CONCLUSIONThe China PEACE-Prospective AMI study will be uniquely positioned to generate new information regarding patient's experiences and outcomes after AMI in China and serve as a foundation for quality improvement activities.

Acute Disease ; Adult ; China ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnosis ; Patient-Centered Care ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the mechanical effect of invisible appliances with different material hardness and provide theoretical basis for selecting the suitable material for invisible appliance and its clinical application. Methods Three different three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of invisible appliance were established, of which the elastic modulus was chosen as 415.6, 816.308 and 2 400 MPa, respectively. In these models, the upper central incisors were all designed to move 0.3 mm mesially. Then 3D nonlinear finite element method was used to analyze the stress-distribution in invisible appliance, teeth and periodontal ligament and the instant displacement of every tooth. The comparative study was made among three invisible appliances with different hardness． Results Under experimental condition, the most instant stress and displacement of teeth was the upper central incisor, with initial displacement greater in crown section than that in apical section and the greatest displacement was 0.17 mm. The tendency of central incisor movement was tipping in all situations. The movement of lateral incisor had the second greatest distance (the greatest displacement was 0.10 mm) and the tendency of its movement was in the opposite directions of aimed teeth. When elastic modulus of material decreased, the stress on the invisible appliance increased. The stress in periodontal ligament and the displacement of aimed teeth were also increased. Conclusions If the hardness of invisible appliance increases, the displacement of the designed tooth and treatment efficacy increases, but the appliance with more hardness couldn’t provide better ability in controlling of orthodontic tooth movement. The study suggested clinicians should use attachments or cooperate with fixed appliance to help move teeth bodily.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ on biological characteristics and immunomodulatory property of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC). hUC-MSC were treated with IFN-γ 10 ng/ml (IFN-γ group) or without IFN-γ (control group). The phenotype of hUC-MSC was detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation status was detected by CCK-8 method, and its differentiation ability was assessed by oil red O and von Kossa staining. The production of PGE-2 was measured by ELISA, and the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IDO-1 and IDO-2 in hUC-MSC were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Furthermore, the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMNC) was evaluated after co-culture with hUC-MSC, IFN-γ pretreatment or not. The results showed that after IFN-γ stimulation, the expression of SSEA-4 on hUC-MSC decreased significantly [(8.15 ± 2.94) vs (16.42 ± 8.5), P < 0.05], and the expression of CD54 increased [(96.64 ± 3.29) vs (84.12 ± 10.73), P = 0.051]. The immunomodulatory property of hUC-MSC on the proliferation of hPBMNC was enhanced (P < 0.05). All the above mentioned effects were IFN-γ concentration-dependent. When hUC-MSC were stimulated by IFN-γ for 24 h, the production of PGE-2 secreted by hUC-MSC decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of COX-2 also decreased though the difference did not reach to statistically significant level. Compared with control group, IDO-1 expression level in IFN-γ group increased significantly (P < 0.01), and the mRNA expression level of IDO-2 remained unchanged. It is concluded that IFN-γ can influence the phenotype of hUC-MSC and enhance the immunomodulatory property of hUC-MSC.
Cells, Cultured ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; metabolism ; Interferon-gamma ; pharmacology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Umbilical Cord ; cytology

Objective To assess the impact of pre-procedure anemia on the long-term mortality in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after percutaneous coronary interventions.Methods A total of 1014 ACS patients (≥60 years of age) with hemoglobin data and without previous treatment with thrombolytic agents and without end-stage renal failure before the interventional procedure were included.Patients were classified as anemia using the definition of World Health Organization:hemoglobin ＜ 130 g/L in men,and ＜ 120 g/L in women.A total of 253 patients were anemia.The clinical features of patients with and without anemia and association of pre-procedure anemia with long-term mortality were analyzed.Results Incidence of diabetes and serum creatinine level were significantly higher in anemia patients than in non-anemia patients while systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly lower in anemia patients than in non-anemia patients (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).The patients were followed up for 528(178-675)days.After adjustment for potential co-variants in Cox regression analysis,pre-procedure anemia was associated with a significantly higher long-term mortality (RR:3.293,95％ CI:1.431-7.578,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Pre-procedure anemia is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions.

OBJECTIVETo study the growth rhythm of preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants by investigating their physical catch-up growth characteristics.

METHODSEighty-four preterm AGA newborns (44 males and 40 females) with gestational ages between 28-36 weeks were enrolled. The weight, length and head circumference were evaluated by Z score according to the criterions of actual and corrected ages.

RESULTSThe preterm infants had the catch-up growth in weight, length and head circumference in the first year of life. The growth velocity within the first three months was the highest. The velocity in the weight catch-up was higher than that in the length.

CONCLUSIONSThe fastest growing period is the early three month of life in preterm AGA infants. The catch-up growth in weight and length is unbalanced.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Head ; growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; growth & development ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study the immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the allogeneic transplantation.

METHODSForty female C57BL/6 mice and forty male BALB/C mice were respectively used as donors and recipients in skin allogenic graft model. Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group, CP group, BMSCs group , CP + BMSCs group, with 10 mice in each group. Before skin graft, high-dose abdominal injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, 2 d, q. d.) was performed in recipient mice in CP and CP + BMSCs groups. On the transplantation day, a bonus of 2 x 10(6) BMSCs from the SD rat (SD-BMSCs) were injected through the tail vein in the BMSCs and CP + BMSCs groups. The observation and HE staining of skin grafts were used. The expressions of CD29, CD34, CD45 and CD90 of cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry in order to identify BMSCs. The CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3 and Treg cells of spleen were detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine in peripheral blood of recipient mice were measured by ELISA, including TGF-beta, IL-10 and IFN-gamma. T cells were co-cultured with 60Co-irradiated bone marrow MSCs from different individuals. The proliferative activity of T cells were evaluated with MTT assay.

RESULTSThe skin graft survival time was significantly prolonged in the CP + BMSCs group, as compared with that in the blank control group, the CP group, the BMSCs group, respectively. Cells cultured by whole bone marrow adherent cultivation showed CD29 (99.7%), CD44+ (96.7%), CD34- (1.6%), CD45- (1.3%). Compared with the control group and CP group, the ratio of the CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ and Treg cells significantly increased in the SD-BMSCs group and CP + BMSCs group (P < 0.05). Analysis of peripheral blood by ELISA showed significant high level of TGF-beta, IL-10 and low level of IFN-gamma in BMSCs group and CP group,compared with that in control group. When co-cultured with BMSCs from different individuals, T- lymphocytes proliferation decreased apparently in SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between SD-BMSCs group and C57-BMSCs group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe immunotolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the allogeneic transplantation might be associated with its effect on the proliferation of Treg cells and increasing expression of TGF-beta and IL-10, decreasing expression of IFN-gamma.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Immune Tolerance ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-10 ; immunology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Transplantation ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; immunology ; Transplantation, Homologous