To improve the diagnostic efficiency of prostate cancer (PCa) and reduce unnecessary biopsies, we defined and analyzed the diagnostic efficiency of peripheral zone prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PZ-PSAD). Patients who underwent systematic 12-core prostate biopsies in Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai, China) between January 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively identified (n = 529). Another group of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (n = 100) were randomly preselected to obtain the PSA density of the non-PCa cohort (N-PSAD). Prostate volumes and transition zone volumes were measured using multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and were combined with PSA and N-PSAD to obtain the PZ-PSAD from a specific algorithm. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the PCa detection efficiency in patients stratified by PSA level, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of PZ-PSAD was higher than that of PSA, PSA density (PSAD), and transition zone PSA density (TZ-PSAD). PZ-PSAD could amend the diagnosis for more than half of the patients with inaccurate transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and mpMRI results. When TRUS and mpMRI findings were ambiguous to predict PCa (PIRADS score ≤3), PZ-PSAD could increase the positive rate of biopsy from 21.7% to 54.7%, and help 63.8% (150/235) of patients avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy. In patients whose PSA was 4.0-10.0 ng ml

Adult ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Constipation/surgery* ; Humans ; Megacolon/surgery* ; Proctocolectomy, Restorative

Objective To establish a rat model of craniocerebral blast injury caused by the shock wave of cabin explosion.Methods Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (10 each):3g,5g,8g TNT with vest groups,5g TNT without vest group and control group.Uncased explosives of different equivalent were suspended in the cabin center.After anesthesia,with exception of control group,the rats were placed in prone position about 31 cm below the explosive,facing the explosive with or without vest.After the explosion,the survived rats were observed,serological and pathological examinations were performed at 3h,1d and 3d after the explosion.Results In terms of tissue damage and mortality,compared with the control group,no obvious injury formed in rats of the 3g TNT with vest group,and all of them survived;Rats in 5g TNT with vest group showed mild lung injury,brain tissue edema,enlarged blood vessel,patchy hemorrhage on the brain surface,and with a mortality of 30％;Rats in 8g TNT with vest group showed serious organ damage with a mortality of 80％;Rats in 5g TNT without vest group suffered from severe lung injury,almost all died right after the explosion.Therefore,rats in 5g TNT with vest group were more in line with the experimental needs.Further serum and pathologic examinations showed that the brain water content increased,the serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein also increased markedly,and necrotic or apoptotic changes happened in the cortex and hippocampus neurons.Conclusion A stable animal model of craniocerebral blast injury may be established with rats in the case of chest and abdomen protected and then exposed to 5g TNT explosion in cabin.

Objective To investigate the injury characteristics of Beagle dogs after warship multi cabin explosion.Methods Forty-eight adult male Beagle dogs were placed in the simulated blast-cabin and adjacent cabin (24 each),and ammunitions respectively containing 0.75kg TNT and 3.50kg TNT were then detonated in the blast-cabin.The survival situation,fluctuation of vital signs,morphological changes of organs and the incidence of various types of injury of the dogs were observed immediately after the explosion to 24h after injury,and the neurological functions score was performed.Results Twenty dogs died immediately after the explosion,and another 9 dogs died 24h after the explosion.The total mortality was 60.42％(29/48),and the mortalities in blastcabin and adjacent cabin were 79.17％(19/24) and 41.67％(10/24),respectively.The dog's skull was penetrated by bomb fragments,and congestion and bleeding were observed in brain tissue,lung,heart,stomach,bowels,liver and kidneys.Extremities fracture,soft tissue contusions,perforation and rupture were also checked out after explosion.The fatality rate of bomb fragment injury,blast injury and combined bomb fragment-blast injury was 27.59％(8/29),17.24％(5/29) and 55.17％(16/29),respectively.Conclusions The combined bomb fragment-blast injury show high incidence and make high fatality rate and serious injury.Combatants should effectually shield themselves with occluded objects as far as possible to avoid damage and reduce fatality.The key of early treatment is to treat the multiple injuries promptly.Intravenous fluid therapy should be practiced after hemodynamic monitoring.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficiency and safety of two-micron laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT) for the treatment of large-volume ( > 70 ml) prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSThis retrospective analysis included 80 BPH patients with the prostatic volume larger than 70 ml, all treated by TmLRP-TT. We comparatively analyzed the levels of hemoglobin and serum sodium before and after surgery, recorded intra- and post-operative com- plications, and followed up the patients at 6 and 12 months after operation for International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR).

RESULTSAll the operations were successfully completed. The mean hemoglobin decreased (0.68 +/- 0.43) g/dl intraoperatively, but no apparent reduction was observed in serum sodium. Lower urinary tract symptoms were relieved significantly in all the cases. At 12 months after surgery, IPSS was decreased by 73.89% as compared with the baseline (20.03 +/- 6.9 vs 5.23 +/- 3.59), QOL by 64.55% (4.09 +/- 1.19 vs 1.45 +/- 1.36), and PVR by 79.30% (97.31 +/- 57.90 vs 20.14 +/- 24.20 ml), while Qmax increased by 140.42% ([8.04 +/- 3.62] vs [19.33 +/- 3.28] ml/s). The incidence of complications was low either intraoperatively or during the 12 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONTmLRP-TT is a safe and effective surgical endoscopic approach to the treatment of large-volume prostate in BPH patients.

Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo analysis the molecular interaction network of 14-3-3 sigma in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

METHODSEstablished stable over-expressed 14-3-3 sigma protein PG cells, MTT assay was used to assess the growth rate of PG cells. Though stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and Mass spectrometry (MS) technology, to identify difference expressed proteins caused by over expressed 14-3-3 sigma. The protein expressed >2 or <0.5 times was termed as the differential protein. By searching Human protein reference database (HPRD) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), established the molecular interaction network of tumor suppressor gene 14-3-3 sigma.

RESULTSThe growth rate of over-expressed 14-3-3 sigma PG cell was obviously slower down compared to vector PG cells. A database including 147 differential protein was established. And a molecular interaction network of 14-3-3 sigma containing 26 protein was constructed.In this network, the expression of CSNK2A1 (casein kinase II subunit alpha), involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, was the most significantly increased. A DNA repair protein, MEN1 (Menin) which functions as a transcriptional regulator was the most significantly decreased.

CONCLUSIONAfter stable transfected with 14-3-3 sigma gene, growth rate of PG cells was inhibited, the proteins associated with cell cycle, DNA damage repair mechanisms were significantly changed, and constructed the molecular interaction network.

14-3-3 Proteins ; genetics ; Amino Acids ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Exoribonucleases ; genetics ; Humans ; Isotope Labeling ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; Mass Spectrometry ; Transfection

Objective To find out the current thyroid volume of school children and its influencing factors in Chongqing.Methods Probability sampling method(PPS) was used to select 30 counties in Chongqing in 2011.Forty children aged 8-10of 1 randomly selected school from every county chosen were enrolled in the study.Thyroid volume of children was examined by B-ultrasonograghy.Body height and body weight were measured.The relationship between gender,age,height and weight and thyroid volume was analyzed,respectively.Results One thousand three hundred and twenty-two children aged 8-10 were investigated.The median of thyroid volume was 3.53 ml.The goiter rate was 5.52％ (73/1322).Thyroid volume of female and male was 3.55 and 3.51 ml,respectively.There was no significant difference of thyroid volume between female and male (H =0.68,P ＞ 0.05).Thyroid volume of children aged 8,9 and 10 was 3.30,3.53 and 3.76 ml,respectively.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different age groups(H =52.49,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children height (110-,120-,130-and ≥140 cm,respectively) was 2.96,3.22,3.59 and 4.13 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different height groups (H =149.23,P ＜ 0.01).Thyroid volume of children weight(17-,20-,30-and ≥40 kg,respectively) was 2.71,3.31,3.91 and 4.74 ml.There was a significant difference of thyroid volume among different weight groups(H =138.44,P ＜ 0.01).For the coefficients of simple and partial correlation,there was a significant correlation between thyroid volume and age,height and weight (P ＜ 0.05).The Spearman coefficient was 0.2411,0.3950 and 0.4285,respectively.The partial correlation coefficient was 0.0640,0.1154 and 0.2319,respectively.The standard partial coefficient of age,height and weight was 0.640,0.1154 and 0.3410,respectively.The proportion of the standard partial coefficients was 1 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 5.3.The function of body weight to thyroid volume was 5.3 times that of age and 3.0 times that of body height.Conclusions The goiter rate of schoolchildren in Chongqing is relatively high.Thyroid volume is affected by age,body height and body weight.The relationship between thyroid volume and iodine nutrition needs further study.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of urinary iodine and edible iodized salt,and to provide suitable iodine concentration in iodized salt.Methods Sample testing was carried out to detect iodine concentration in marketed salt and child urine before salt iodization (1994).After salt iodization (2001-2010),sample testing was carried out to detect salt iodine level in manufacture,market(2001-2010) and resident household(1997-2010).Urine of children aged 8 to 10 were sampled by PPS method from 1997 to 2005.In 2009,urinary iodine of 20 children was determined in each of 5 schools,which were sampled from 5 counties located at North,South,East,West and center of Chongqing.Based on the urinary iodine and salt iodine levels before salt iodization,the relationship of urinary iodine and consumption of iodized salt was calculated.Suitable iodine concentration in iodized salt was put forward.x2 test and trend analyze approach(F-test) were used for statistical analysis.Results Before salt iodization,salt iodine level was not tested in 204 edible salt samples; the median of urinary iodine was 53.14 μg/L in 1374 children.After salt iodization,form 2001 to 2010,the average iodine levels in manufacture and wholesale salt were between 29.72-36.25 mg/kg and 30.65-36.13 mg/kg,respectively,both of them decreased significantly(F =35.35,140.59,all P ＜ 0.01),and show a downward trend.Batch quality passing rate of industry iodized salt was 100％ except in 2001,which was 92.86％.Batch quality passing rate of market iodized salt were between 88.68％-99.77％,specifically in 2001 (88.68％),in 2002(92.57％) and in 2003 (96.22％).There was no significant difference in other years (all P ＞ 0.05).The median of urinary iodine were between 238.80-328.00 μg/L,more than 35％ fall into ＞ 300 μg/L; while salt iodine increased 1 mg/kg,urinary iodine increased 5.51 μg/L-7.40 μg/L; The medium of urinary iodine of children were between 140.05-383.00 μg/L in 40 counties or districts in 2009.Reducing the iodine concentration in edible iodized salt to 20 mg/kg,the median of urinary iodine can be kept at 163.34 μg/L to 201.14 μg/L.Conclusions Iodine in iodized salt is above sufficient in Chongqing.Salt iodine should be reduced to 20 mg/kg,which will meet various population's need.

Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of non-iodized salt at household level based on geographic information system (GIS) in Chongqing.Methods The database of non-iodized salt at county level from 2001 to 2010 was established in Chongqing.By using GIS technology,the spatial distribution and spatial autocorrelation were analyzed by ArcGIS 9.3 software.Results The rate of non-iodized salt was fluctuated between 2.35％-5.78％ during 2001-2006 and the rate was reduced to less than 2.00％ after 2007.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Moran's Ⅰindex was 0.145578,0.078801,0.108033,0.091957,0.127749,0.214302,respectively(Z value was 3.066275,1.977321,2.541619,2.309972,2.900446,3.874203,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt had marked spatial cluster through Chongqing region from 2001 to 2006.The result of local spatial autocorrelation analysis from 2001 to 2006 indicated that Fengdu and Fuling were two high-risk areas(all P ＜ 0.05).Dianjiang,Yubei,Jiangbei,Wulong and Banan were also confirmed as high-risk areas in 2001,2005 and 2006(all P ＜ 0.05).The results also indicated that the distribution of non-iodized salt in the seven high-risk areas was positively correlated.The result of spatial autocorrelation analysis on non-iodized salt from 2007 to 2010 indicated that Moran's Ⅰ index was 0.018361,0.016186,0.040769,-0.059691,respectively (Z value was 1.093310,0.787361,1.071811,-0.583820,respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).The spatial distribution of non-iodized salt was at random on the whole from 2007 to 2010.However,there were four local high-risk areas.The distribution in Fengdu and Dianjiang was positively correlated,while that in Jiangjin and Shizhu was negatively correlated.Conclusions The distribution of non-iodized salt at households level in Chongqing is changed from spatial distribution before 2006 to random distribution after 2007,but there are high value areas,which should be taken as the focus of monitoring.

Objective To investigate iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) in Chongqing and Linzhi, and to provide scientific basis for IDD control and prevention. Methods According to the national program developed in 2007, investigation was conducted in Chengkou and Wuxi county in Chongqing municipality, and Linzhi, Bomi,Milin and Langxian county in Linzhi prefecture. Five towns were sampled in Linzhi county, and 3 in other counties.In each town, one township primary school and two village primary schools were selected to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation, and urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years was tested in these schools. Meanwhile,2 villages were selected in each town for test of salt iodine level and urinary iodine of childbearing age women and search cretin cases. Results Three hundred and forty families in Chongqing and 915 families in Linzhi were investigated. The coverage of iodized salt in Chongqing was 98.82%(336/340), which was significantly higher than that in Linzhi[66.34%(607/905), x2 = 139.56, P ＜ 0.01]. Goiter rate of children in Chongqing was 9.27%(89/960) by palpation and 8.34% (61/731) by B ultrasound, while goiter rate of children in Linzhi was 7.80%(102/1308) by palpation and 5.53% (69/1248) by B ultrasound. The difference of goiter rate by palpation between Chongqing and Linzhi was not statistically significant (x2 = 1.37, P ＞ 0.05 ). But goiter rate of children by B ultrasound in Chongqing was higher than that in Linzhi (x2= 5.51, P ＜ 0.05). In Chongqing, the median urinary iodine was 319.15 μg/L, and 345.75 μg/L in Chengkou county and 281.39 μg/L in Wuxi county. In Linzhi prefecture, the median urinary iodine was 189.81 μg/L, and 207.81 μg/L in Linzhi county, 161.12 μg/L in Bomi county, 131.83 μg/L in Milin county and 334.60 μg/L in Langxian county. The median urinary iodine in childbearing women were 248.42 μg/L in Chongqing and 121.25 μg/L in Linzhi. The median urinary iodine in Chongqing both in children and women were higher than those in Linzhi. No new cretin case was found in these two areas. Conclusions Goiter rate in high risk areas of IDD in Chongqing and Linzhi has decreased to less than 10%.No new cretin case is found in these areas. It can be concluded that the work of control and prevention is effective.There is excess iodine in Chongqing. In Linzhi county and Langxian county, iodine is excess in children and deficient in women. Further investigation should be conducted to find out the reason. Population iodine is excess in Bomi and Milin counties. The concentration of salt iodine should be decreased in Chongqing. In Linzhi prefecture,adding iodine measures should be adjusted based on further investigation.