Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trends of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Shaanxi Province, and provide a basis for formulating control strategies.Methods:The information on VL cases in Shaanxi Province from January 2012 to December 2024 were obtained from the Shaanxi Provincial Infectious Disease Reporting Management System, and demographic data were collected from the Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the prevalence and the distribution by the three dimensions (time, region, and population). Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 software and Geoda 1.6 software were used for regression analysis and spatial clustering analysis, respectively. SuperMap 8C software was used for visualization.Results:From January 2012 to December 2024, a total of 304 cases of VL were reported in Shaanxi Province, with an annual incidence rate of 0.06/100 000. VL cases occurred in all months of the year in Shaanxi Province with no significant seasonality, yet the onset was predominantly concentrated from April to August(52.30%, 159/304). The majority of cases were male (61.51%, 187/304), aged 5 months to 4 years (17.11%, 52/304), and farmers (67.11%, 204/304). A total of 54 districts (counties, cities) of 10 cities in the province had reported cases, mainly concentrated in Weinan City (49.34%, 150/304). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a significant overall upward trend in the VL incidence rate in Shaanxi Province from 2012 to 2024 [average annual percent change (AAPC) = 12.60%, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 6.01% - 19.62%, t = 3.95, P < 0.001]. The year 2020 was identified as a turning point in the trend. The incidence rate showed a rapid upward trend from 2012 to 2020 [annual percent change (APC) = 23.75%, 95% CI: 13.33% - 35.12%, t = 5.62, P < 0.001]. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated significant positive spatial autocorrelation in VL incidence in 2012, 2014, 2015, 2018, and 2022 (Moran's I > 0, Z > 1.96, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 12 "high-high" clustering areas from 2012 to 2024, mainly located in Shangluo City in southern Shaanxi Province, and Weinan City and Yan'an City in northern Shaanxi Province. Conclusions:From 2012 to 2024, VL cases in Shaanxi Province are predominantly male farmers. The incidence of VL shows an overall upward trend, with significant spatial clustering. The prevention and control situation is severe. It is imperative to strengthen control measures, including vector disinfection and health education, to effectively control the spread and transmission of VL.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous kyphoplasty assisted by C-arm under local anesthesia requires continuous adjustment of the puncture direction under multiple C-arm fluoroscopy.The establishment time of the working channel is longer,and the intraoperative pain stimulation of patients is larger.With the help of the robot,the puncture can be successfully performed at one time,which can significantly improve the experience of patients and reduce the risk of bone cement leakage.OBJECTIVE:To compare the patient experience and other outcomes of percutaneous kyphoplasty using robot-assisted and conventional C-arm fluoroscopy under local anesthesia.METHODS:A total of 241 patients with single-stage osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were selected from Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences·Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital(Affiliated Hospital,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China).132 patients underwent robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia(robot-assisted group).109 cases of conventional C-arm assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty under local anesthesia(conventional fluoroscopy group).Patients'intraoperative experience evaluation,bone cement injection amount,operation time,working channel establishment time,hospitalization cost and complications were recorded.Puncture deviation and bone cement leakage were evaluated by imaging on the first day after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The intraoperative experience of 59 patients in the robot-assisted group was rated as"very good",43 as"good",16 as"average",10 as"poor",and 4 as"very poor,"while that of 30 patients in the conventional fluoroscopy group was rated as"very good",44 cases were"good",21"average",9"poor",and 5"very poor."There was a significant difference between the two groups in intraoperative experience evaluation(Z=-2.546,P=0.011).Intraoperative pain visual analog scale score was lower in the robot-assisted group than that in the conventional fluoroscopy group(t=-9.513,P=0.000).Totally 84 patients in the robot-assisted group and 47 patients in the conventional fluoroscopy group were willing to undergo percutaneous kyphoplasty again when necessary,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(Z=-2.730,P=0.006).(2)The operation time and hospitalization cost of the robot-assisted group were more than those of the conventional fluoroscopy group(t=2.860,P=0.003;t=36.522,P=0.000).The working channel establishment time of robot-assisted group was shorter than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(t=-27.066,P=0.000).The puncture deviation of robot-assisted group was better than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(Z=-3.656,P=0.000).The cement leakage of robot-assisted group was lower than that of conventional fluoroscopy group(χ2=7.284,P=0.007).(3)It is concluded that under local anesthesia,patients with robot-assisted percutaneous kyphoplasty have good surgical experience,with advantages of accurate puncture,short time to establish working channel,and low leakage rate of bone cement.

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly down-regulated metabolites in sera of RIPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 μg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13Cs]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

This study investigated the epidemic status of H3N2 influenza virus and the genetic evolution characteristics of hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA)of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses isolated in Shandong Province during 2023-2024,to understand their compatibility with vaccine strains and drug resistance status.A total of 25 H3N2 subtype influenza virus strains were randomly selected from the strains isolated by the influenza surveillance network laboratory.The HA and NA genes were sequenced with the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO as a reference.Monitoring of sensitivity to oseltamivir and zanamivir was conducted through neuraminidase inhibition experiments.The H3N2 influenza viruses in Shandong Province belonged to the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 clade.Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the HA1 and NA genes were closely related to the WHO-recommended vaccine strain A/Darwin/9/2021 for the current season,with homology rates of 97.8%-98.2%and 98.9%-99.3%,respectively.Amino acid sequence analysis indicated 22 amino acid sequence variations in the HA1 protein,and antigenic drift was detected in 8 strains.A glycosylation site was added at position 94 of the HA protein in all 25 strains.Variations occurred in the NA antigenic determinants of some strains.Neuraminidase inhibition experiments indicated that all tested influenza viruses were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Some differences in HA and NA proteins were observed between the monitored strains and vaccine strains.Continued monitoring of the molecular evolution characteristics of influenza viruses is necessary to understand the risk of influenza outbreaks,and their effects on the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

Objective To establish an evaluation indicator system for pharmacovigilance(PV)work in medical institutions of Fujian province,and provide a reference for the PV work in healthcare facilities.Methods Based on literature analysis and interpretation of policies and regulations,combined with the practical pharmacovigilance work in Fujian province,a preliminary indicator system was constructed.Following this,three rounds of expert consultation were conducted,including two rounds of the Delphi method to determine the content of the index system,and one round of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine the weights of each index.Results A total of 9 primary indicators,23 secondary indicators,and 59 tertiary indicators were selected for the evaluation of pharmacovigilance work in health facilities of Fujian province,including pharmacovigilance organizational structure,human resources,equipment resources,development and documentation of the quality management system's procedural documents,Performance indicators for monitoring and reporting,risk identification,assessment,control and research capabilities.The consensus coefficients for three rounds of consultation with experts were 100％,100％,and 100％.The average authority coefficient of the experts was 0.878,and the expert coordination coefficients for the two rounds of Delphi method were 0.081 and 0.343,respectively(P＜0.001).In the AHP,the weight vector for primary indicators ranged from 0.023 to 0.263,with a maximum eigenvalue of 9.195.The weight vector values of the secondary indicators were from 0.096 to 1.000,and the maximum eigenvalues were 3.018-4.061;The weight vectors of the tertiary indicators were 0.143 to 1.000,and the maximum eigenvalues were from 3.000 to 5.078.The consistency ratio(CR)of each judgment matrix was between 0 and 0.051.Conclusions The constructed indicator of capability assessment model,integrating regulatory functions and the practical situation of medical institutions,can be used by regulatory authorities to assess pharmacovigilance work in medical institutions.It provides a solid reference for improving the pharmacovigilance capabilities of medical institutions in Fujian province.

Objective:To explore the effect of Simo decoction improving the low duodenal inflammation and protecting the du-odenal mucosal barrier in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into control group(10 rats)and model group(50 rats),and the modeling rats were prepared by multivariate intervention method.After successful modeling,the modeling rats were randomly divided into model group,Simo decoction high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose group and mosapride group,with 10 rats in each group.The high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose groups of Simo decoction were ga-vage given 5.62 g/kg,2.81 g/kg,and 1.40 g/kg,respectively,and the mosapride group was gavage given 0.305 mg/kg of mosapride,and the control group and model group were gavage given the same amount of distilled water for 14 days.The body weight of rats was observed;gastric emptying rate and small bowel propulsion rate were measured;transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of duodenal epithelial cells;ELISA detected serum levels of IL-17A and IL-22;Western blot and immunohistochemis-try were used to detect the expressions of protease-activated receptor 2(PAR-2)and tight junction protein(ZO-1,claudin-1)in the duodenum.Results:Compared with the control group,the body weight,gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate of the model group were significantly reduced(P<0.01),transmission electron microscopy showed widening of the duodenal epithelial cell space,serum IL-17A and IL-22 levels were significantly increased(P<0.01),the expression of PAR-2 in duodenal tissue was in-creased,and the expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1 were downregulated(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate in Simo decoction high-dose,medium-dose and mosapride group were increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the contents of IL-17A and IL-22 in serum decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the expression of PAR-2 in duodenal tissues was down-regulated,the expressions of ZO-1 and claudin-1 was significantly increased(P<0.01).The low-dose group of Simo soup could improve weight loss(P<0.01),reduce IL-17A content and PAR-2 expression,and increase ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),while the effect on other indexes was not obvious.Conclusion:Simo decoction may reduce low-grade duodenal in-flammation to repair the mucosal barrier by down-regulating the levels of IL-17A and IL-22 and the expression of PAR-2,and up-regu-lating the expression of ZO-1 and claudin-1,so as to exert the effect of FD treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of dorsal repulsive axon guidance protein(Draxin)on the migration of trunk neural crest cells during the early development of embryonic mouse spinal cord.Methods Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression characteristics of Draxin in early embryonic spinal cord(8 mice each group);In situ hybridization was used to detect the change of migration characteristics of trunk neural crest cells in early embryonic spinal cord of different types of mouse(5 mice each group);in vitro culture method was used to check the effect of Draxin on the migration characteristics of embryonic mouse trunk neural crest cells(16 mice each group).Resultsβ-galactosidase gene Z(LacZ)gene was introduced when Draxin gene was knocked out to produce Draxin gene knockout mice.β-galactosidase staining was used to detect LacZ gene expression in Draxin knockout embryonic mice,and the result showed that Draxin expression was observed in the spinal cord of early embryonic mice since 9.5 days(E9.5).Draxin expression was obvious in the embryonic mice spinal cord in E10.5 period.In situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of Draxin gene in the spinal cord of wild type embryonic mice,and the result further verified the obvious expression of Draxin in the early embryonic mice spinal cord in El0.5 period.Sox10 in situ hybridization was used to detect neural crest cell migration in the spinal cord of embryonic mice in E10.5 period.The result showed that segmental migration of neural crest cells in the early embryonic spinal cord of some Draxin knockout mice was delayed compared with the wild type mice.The effect of Draxin on the migration of wild type early embryonic mice trunk neural crest cells in vitro was tested.The result showed that Draxin reduced the migration distance of neural crest cells in vitro.Conclusion In the early developmental stage of embryonic spinal cord(E9.5-E10.5),neural crest cells migrated exuberant.At the same time,Draxin plays an important inhibitory function in the formation of the specific migration pathways of trunk neural crest cells by promoting neural crest cells migrating away from Draxin expressing regions.

Objective:To analyze the respiratory virus infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Shandong Province during the 2020 -2021 influenza surveillance year. Methods:According to the National Influenza Surveillance Plan (2017 version), throat swab samples of ILI cases were collected from 14 surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shandong Province. Nucleic acid was extracted from all samples. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was utilized to detect six common viruses, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus (ADV). Subsequently, the obtained detection results were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 386 specimens were collected, with a detection rate of 24.22% (578). Six viruses were detected, with detection rates of 6.75% (162 cases) for HMPV, 5.87% (140 cases) for RSV, 3.56% (85 cases) for HPIV3, 3.14% (75 cases) for HPIV2, 2.98% (71 cases) for HPIV1, and 2.77% (66 cases) for ADV. There was no significant difference in detection rates between genders, but a notable variation among different age groups ( P<0.001). The highest detection rate was observed in individuals aged 0-4 years (31.94%), followed by those aged≥60 years (26.06%). The prevalence of six viruses showed a monthly variation, with the detection rate of HMPV being higher in December and HPIV1 being higher in February. HPIV2, HPIV3, RSV, and ADV had higher detection rates in November. The co-detection rate of multiple viruses was 0.80%, with RSV being the most common pathogen involved in co-detection, primarily in individuals aged 0-4 years. Conclusion:The detection of six multiple pathogens in ILI cases in Shandong Province is dominated by HMPV, RSV and HPIV3. The prevalence of respiratory viruses varies by age and time.

Objective To establish an evaluation indicator system for pharmacovigilance(PV)work in medical institutions of Fujian province,and provide a reference for the PV work in healthcare facilities.Methods Based on literature analysis and interpretation of policies and regulations,combined with the practical pharmacovigilance work in Fujian province,a preliminary indicator system was constructed.Following this,three rounds of expert consultation were conducted,including two rounds of the Delphi method to determine the content of the index system,and one round of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to determine the weights of each index.Results A total of 9 primary indicators,23 secondary indicators,and 59 tertiary indicators were selected for the evaluation of pharmacovigilance work in health facilities of Fujian province,including pharmacovigilance organizational structure,human resources,equipment resources,development and documentation of the quality management system's procedural documents,Performance indicators for monitoring and reporting,risk identification,assessment,control and research capabilities.The consensus coefficients for three rounds of consultation with experts were 100％,100％,and 100％.The average authority coefficient of the experts was 0.878,and the expert coordination coefficients for the two rounds of Delphi method were 0.081 and 0.343,respectively(P＜0.001).In the AHP,the weight vector for primary indicators ranged from 0.023 to 0.263,with a maximum eigenvalue of 9.195.The weight vector values of the secondary indicators were from 0.096 to 1.000,and the maximum eigenvalues were 3.018-4.061;The weight vectors of the tertiary indicators were 0.143 to 1.000,and the maximum eigenvalues were from 3.000 to 5.078.The consistency ratio(CR)of each judgment matrix was between 0 and 0.051.Conclusions The constructed indicator of capability assessment model,integrating regulatory functions and the practical situation of medical institutions,can be used by regulatory authorities to assess pharmacovigilance work in medical institutions.It provides a solid reference for improving the pharmacovigilance capabilities of medical institutions in Fujian province.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological, etiological and genetic characteristics of influenza virus in Shandong Province during 2023-2024.Methods:The surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) in sentinel hospitals in Shandong from 2023 to 2024 were collected and analyzed. The isolated influenza strains with hemagglutination titers ≥8 were selected for antigenicity analysis, drug susceptibility test, gene sequencing and evolutionary analysis.Results:From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of influenza virus in Shandong was 8.51% (23 663/277 995), the highest positive rate was in the age group of 5-14 years (15.78%, 6 073/38 478), and the highest positive rate was in the 49 th week (35.86%, 2 264/6 313). Both antigenicity analysis and evolutionary analysis showed that the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype and B(Victoria) strain had good matching effect and close evolutionary distance with the 2023-2024 surveillance year vaccine strain. The A(H3N2) subtype strain did not have a high matching effect with the 2023-2024 vaccine strain and had a long evolutionary distance, but had a close evolutionary distance with the 2024-2025 vaccine strain. Drug susceptibility test showed that oseltamivir sensitivity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strain decreased greatly, and the amino acid site mutation of neuraminidase was H275Y. Conclusions:In the 2023-2024 surveillance year, the peak of influenza virus epidemic in Shandong was mainly occurred in winter and spring, and the age group of 5-14 years was the focus of prevention and control. The dominant strain was subtype A(H3N2), which had poor matching effect with the vaccine strain in the 2023-2024 surveillance year. One A(H1N1)pdm09 resistant strain was found in the drug resistance monitoring work. Follow-up prevention and control work should be strengthen the surveillance for the epidemiological characteristics, genetic variation and drug resistance of influenza viruses, timely understand the epidemic trend and mutation of influenza viruses, timely discover drug-resistant strains of influenza viruses, promote influenza vaccination, and improve of influenza prevention and control.